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ASTM D7056-07(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams

Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The use of PBGM as barrier materials to restrict liquid migration from one location to another in soils has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of PBGM seams. In the case of PBGM, it has become evident that seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain conditions. Although this is an index type test method used for quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also intended to provide the quality assurance engineer with sufficient seam shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording and reporting data will allow the quality assurance engineer to take measures necessary to ensure the repair of seams with unacceptable strength during facility construction, and therefore, minimize the potential for seam separation in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method presents the procedures used for determining the quality of prefabricated bituminous geomembrane (PBGM) bonded seams subjected to a shear test. It describes a destructive quality control test used to determine the integrity of PBGM seams.
1.2 This test procedure is intended for PBGM only.
1.3 The type of thermal field seaming technique used to construct PBGM seams include the following.  
1.3.1 Torch-on—This technique melts two PBGM surfaces to be seamed by running a flame from a propane torch between them. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM, forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.3.2 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air or gas between two PBGM surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM, forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2012
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7056-07 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D7056-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
Effective Date
01-Feb-2018
Referred By
ASTM D7700-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Geomembrane Seams
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012

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ASTM D7056-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane SeamsASTM D7056-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
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ASTM D7056-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7056 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated
Bituminous Geomembrane Seams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This test method presents the procedures used for
3.1.1 geomembrane, n—anessentiallyimpermeablegeosyn-
determining the quality of prefabricated bituminous geomem-
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.
brane (PBGM) bonded seams subjected to a shear test. It
describes a destructive quality control test used to determine
3.1.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
the integrity of PBGM seams.
bitumen or polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth or
other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral
1.2 This test procedure is intended for PBGM only.
part of a man-made project, structure or system.
1.3 The type of thermal field seaming technique used to
3.1.3 geotextile, n—any permeable textile material used in
construct PBGM seams include the following.
foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engi-
1.3.1 Torch-on—This technique melts two PBGM surfaces
neering related material, as an integral part of a man made
to be seamed by running a flame from a propane torch between
project, structure, or system.
them. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM,
3.1.4 Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane (PBGM),
forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.
n—a material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of
1.3.2 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature
non-woven polyester textile, impregnated by a blend of oxi-
air or gas between two PBGM surfaces to facilitate melting.
dized or polymer-modified bitumen incorporating filler.
Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGM,
3.1.5 Quality assurance, n—all planned and systematic
forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.
actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an item
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or a facility will perform satisfactorily in service.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 Quality control, n—the operational techniques and the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
activities, which sustain a quality of material, product, system,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
techniques and activities.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.1 The use of PBGM as barrier materials to restrict liquid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
migration from one location to another in soils has created a
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
PBGMseams.InthecaseofPBGM,ithasbecomeevidentthat
of Geosynthetics
seams can exhibit separation in the field under certain condi-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tions. Although this is an index type test method used for
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
quality assurance and quality control purposes, it is also
intended to provide the quality assurance engineer with suffi-
cient seam shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
reporting data will allow the quality assurance engineer to take
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
measures necessary to ensure the repair of seams with unac-
branes.
ceptable strength during facility construction, and therefore,
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7056 – 07. DOI:
minimize the potential for seam separation in service.
10.1520/D7056-07R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirements
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. outlined in Test Method D638.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7056 − 07 (2012)
5.2 Grip Faces—Grip faces shall be a minimum of 50 mm
(2 in.) wide and a minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) in length. Smooth
rubber, fine serrated or coarse serrated grip faces have all been
found to be suitable for testing PBGM. If needed, the use of a
silicone-coated paper to help holding the PBGM specimen
ends into the grips is recommended The silicone-coated side is
to be used in contact with the PBGM specimen (see Fig. 1).
6. Sample and Specimen Preparation
6.1 Seam Samples—Cut a portion of the fabricated seam
sample from the installed PBGM in accordance with the
project specifications. It is recommended that the cutout
sample be a minimum of 0.5 m (1.65 ft) wide and a minimum
0.6 m (2 ft) in length with the seam centered in the middle.
6.2 Sp
...

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SCOPE
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
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4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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