ASTM D4829-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils
Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The expansion index, EI, is used to measure a basic index property of soil and therefore, the EI is comparable to other indices such as the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils, as in Test Method D 4318.
The EI is not used to duplicate any particular field conditions such as soil density, water content, loading, in-place soil structure or soil water chemistry. However, the test procedure keeps all conditions constant allowing direct correlation of data between organizations. All organizations can benefit from these collective experiences.
The classification of a potentially expansive soil is based on the following table:
Expansion Index, EIPotential Expansion 0–20Very Low 21–50Low 51–90Medium 91–130High >130 Very High
Note 1—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an index to the expansion potential of compacted soils when inundated with distilled water.
1.2 This test method controls variables that influence the expansive characteristics of soils and still retains a relatively simple test for practical engineering applications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximate.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4829–03
Standard Test Method for
1
Expansion Index of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
3
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
1.1 This test method provides an index to the expansion
D2435 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation
potential of compacted soils when inundated with distilled
3
2 Properties of Soils
water.
D3740 Practice for Evaluation ofAgencies Engaged in the
1.2 This test method controls variables that influence the
Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
expansive characteristics of soils and still retains a relatively
3
Engineering Design and Construction
simple test for practical engineering applications.
D3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3
Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approxi-
D4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
mate.
3
Plasticity Index of Soils
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock
Practice D6026.
3
and Related Construction Materials Testing
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Calculating
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
4
and Reporting Geotechnical Test Data
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
5
poses
standard is beyond its scope.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Refer to Terminology D653 for standard definitions of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
terms. Additional terms are as follows:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 expansion index, EI—1000 times the difference be-
2. Referenced Documents tween final and initial height of the specimen divided by the
initial height.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 scarification—scratching the surface of a compacted
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
3 layer to facilitate bonding with the next layer and avoid
Fluids
potential lamination between compacted layers.
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft lbf/ft (600
4. Summary of Test Method
3 3
kN-m/m ))
3 4.1 The specimen is compacted into a metal ring so that the
D854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils
degree of saturation is between 40 and 60% and the specimen
and the ring are placed in a consolidometer. A vertical
2
confining pressure of 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in. ) is applied to the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland specimen and then the specimen is inundated with distilled
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Structural
water.The deformation of the specimen is recorded for 24 h or
Properties of Soils.
until the rate of deformation becomes less than 0.005 mm/h
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D4829–95.
2
Refer to Anderson, J. N., and Lade, P. V., “The Expansion Index Test,’’
4
Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol 4, No. 2, ASTM, 1981, pp. 58–67. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4829–03
(0.0002 in./h), whichever occurs first. A minimum recording
time of3his required.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The expansion index, EI, is used to measure a basic
index property of soil and therefore, the EI is comparable to
other indices such as the liquid limit, plastic limit, and
plasticity index of soils, as in Test Method D4318.
5.2 The EI is not used to duplicate any particular field
conditionssuchassoildensity,watercontent,loading,in-place
soil structure or soil water chem
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4829–95 Designation:D4829–03
Standard Test Method for
1
Expansion Index of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This test method provides an index to the expansion potential of compacted soils when inundated with distilled water.
1.2 This test method controls variables that influence the expansive characteristics of soils and still retains a relatively simple
test for practical engineering applications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximate.
1.4
1.4 AllobservedandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguidelinesforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice
D6026.
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorotheruses,orboth.Howoneappliestheresultsobtainedusingthisstandard
is beyond its scope.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
3 3 3
D698 TestMethodsforLaboratoryCompactionCharacteristicsofSoilUsingStandardEffort(12,400ftlbf/ft (600kN-m/m ))
3
D854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils
3
D2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
3
D2435 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
D3740 Practice for Evaluation ofAgencies Engaged in theTesting and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering
3
Design and Construction
3
D3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
3
D4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock and Related
3
Construction Materials Testing
4
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Calculating and Reporting Geotechnical Test Data
5
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Terminology
3.1 Refer to Terminology D653 for standard definitions of terms. Additional terms are as follows:
3.2
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 expansion index, EI—1000 times the difference between final and initial height of the specimen divided by the initial
height.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Structural Properties
of Soils.
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published August 1995.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Structural Properties
of Soils.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D4829–95.
2
Refer to Anderson, J. N., and Lade, P. V., “The Expansion Index Test,’’ Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol 4, No. 2, ASTM, 1981, pp. 58–67.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02., Vol 04.09.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4829–03
3.2.2 scarification—scratching the surface of a compacted layer to facilitate bonding with the next layer and avoid potential
lamination between compacted layers.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The specimen is compacted into a metal ring so that the degree of saturation is between 40 and 60% and the specimen and
2
the ring are placed in a consolidometer. A vertical confining pressure of 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in. ) is applied to the specimen and then
thespecimenisinundatedwithdistilledwater.Thedeformationofthespecimenisrecordedfor24horuntiltherateofdeformation
be
...
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