ASTM E2789-10(2015)

Standard Guide for Fretting Fatigue Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Fretting fatigue tests are used to determine the effects of several fretting parameters on the fatigue lives of metallic materials. Some of these parameters include differing materials, relative displacement amplitudes, normal force at the fretting contact, alternating tangential force, the contact geometry, surface integrity parameters such as finish, and the environment. Comparative tests are used to determine the effectiveness of palliatives on the fatigue life of specimens with well-controlled boundary conditions so that the mechanics of the fretting fatigue test can be modeled. Generally, it is useful to compare the fretting fatigue response to plain fatigue to obtain knockdown or reduction factors from fretting fatigue. The results may be used as a guide in selecting material combinations, design stress levels, lubricants, and coatings to alleviate or eliminate fretting fatigue concerns in new or existing designs. However, due to the synergisms of fatigue, wear, and corrosion on the fretting fatigue parameters, extreme care should be exercised in the judgment to determine if the test conditions meet the design or system conditions.  
4.2 For data to be comparable, reproducible, and correlated amongst laboratories and relevant to mimic fretting in an application, all parameters critical to the fretting fatigue life of the material in question will need to be replicated. Because alterations in environment, metallurgical properties, fretting loading (controlled forces and displacements), compliance of the test system, etc. can affect the response, no general guidelines exist to quantitatively ascertain what the effect will be on the specimen fretting fatigue life if a single parameter is varied. To assure test results can be correlated and reproduced, all material variables, testing information, physical procedures, and analytical procedures should be reported in a manner that is consistent with good current test practices.  
4.3 Because of the wear phenome...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines terminology and covers general requirements for conducting fretting fatigue tests and reporting the results. It describes the general types of fretting fatigue tests and provides some suggestions on developing and conducting fretting fatigue test programs.  
1.2 Fretting fatigue tests are designed to determine the effects of mechanical and environmental parameters on the fretting fatigue behavior of metallic materials. This guide is not intended to establish preference of one apparatus or specimen design over others, but will establish guidelines for adherence in the design, calibration, and use of fretting fatigue apparatus and recommend the means to collect, record, and reporting of the data.  
1.3 The number of cycles to form a fretting fatigue crack is dependent on both the material of the fatigue specimen and fretting pad, the geometry of contact between the two, and the method by which the loading and displacement are imposed. Similar to wear behavior of materials, it is important to consider fretting fatigue as a system response, instead of a material response. Because of this dependency on the configuration of the system, quantifiable comparisons of various material combinations should be based on tests using similar fretting fatigue configurations and material couples.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E08 - Fatigue and Fracture
• Drafting Committee: E08.05 - Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2789 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
1
Fretting Fatigue Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant
1.1 This guide defines terminology and covers general
Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials
requirements for conducting fretting fatigue tests and reporting
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
the results. It describes the general types of fretting fatigue
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
tests and provides some suggestions on developing and con-
E468 Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fa-
ducting fretting fatigue test programs.
tigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
1.2 Fretting fatigue tests are designed to determine the
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
effects of mechanical and environmental parameters on the
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
frettingfatiguebehaviorofmetallicmaterials.Thisguideisnot
Force Application
intended to establish preference of one apparatus or specimen
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
design over others, but will establish guidelines for adherence
E1942 Guide for Evaluating DataAcquisition Systems Used
in the design, calibration, and use of fretting fatigue apparatus
in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
and recommend the means to collect, record, and reporting of
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and CorrosionTest-
3
the data.
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
1.3 The number of cycles to form a fretting fatigue crack is
dependent on both the material of the fatigue specimen and G190 Guide for Developing and Selecting Wear Tests
fretting pad, the geometry of contact between the two, and the
3. Terminology
method by which the loading and displacement are imposed.
Similar to wear behavior of materials, it is important to
3.1 Definitions and symbols used in this guide are in
consider fretting fatigue as a system response, instead of a
accordance with Terminology E1823. Relevant definitions
material response. Because of this dependency on the configu-
from Terminology G15 or G40 are provided in 3.2.Additional
ration of the system, quantifiable comparisons of various
definitions specific to this guide are provided in 3.3.
material combinations should be based on tests using similar
3.2 Definitions:
fretting fatigue configurations and material couples.
3.2.1 Terms from Terminologies G15 and G40.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 coeffıcient of friction (COF)—The dimensionless ratio
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the tangential force, Q, between two bodies to the normal
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
force,P,pressingthesebodiestogetherwhenthetwobodiesare
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
slipping with respect to each other, µ=Q/P.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Under partial slip conditions, the ratio
of the tangential force to the normal force is less than the COF.
2. Referenced Documents
In addition, when COF is defined as the ratio of Q to P, the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: measured COF is an average along the interface. In reality, the
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens COF can vary along the interface. Hence, a local definition is
often used, given by µ(x,y)=q(x,y)/p(x,y) where q(x,y) is the
shear traction distribution along the interface and p(x,y) is the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and
normal pressure distribution. The COF is often greater in the
Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
slip regions of a partial slip interface compared to the stick
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originally regions due to the disruptions in the surface caused by fretting.
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2789–10. DOI:
G40
10.1520/E2789–10R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright ©
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2789 − 10 E2789 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
1
Fretting Fatigue Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide defines terminology and covers general requirements for conducting fretting fatigue tests and reporting the
results. It describes the general types of fretting fatigue tests and provides some suggestions on developing and conducting fretting
fatigue test programs.
1.2 Fretting fatigue tests are designed to determine the effects of mechanical and environmental parameters on the fretting
fatigue behavior of metallic materials. This guide is not intended to establish preference of one apparatus or specimen design over
others, but will establish guidelines for adherence in the design, calibration, and use of fretting fatigue apparatus and recommend
the means to collect, record, and reporting of the data.
1.3 The number of cycles to form a fretting fatigue crack is dependent on both the material of the fatigue specimen and fretting
pad, the geometry of contact between the two, and the method by which the loading and displacement are imposed. Similar to wear
behavior of materials, it is important to consider fretting fatigue as a system response, instead of a material response. Because of
this dependency on the configuration of the system, quantifiable comparisons of various material combinations should be based
on tests using similar fretting fatigue configurations and material couples.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
E468 Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
E1942 Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems Used in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
3
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G190 Guide for Developing and Selecting Wear Tests
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions and symbols used in this guide are in accordance with Terminology E1823. Relevant definitions from
Terminology G15 or G40 are provided in 3.2. Additional definitions specific to this guide are provided in 3.3.
3.2 Definitions:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic Deformation
and Fatigue Crack Formation.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published January 2011August 2015. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
E2789–10. DOI: 10.1520/E2789.10.1520/E2789–10R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E2789 − 10 (2015)
3.2.1 Terms from Terminologies G15 and G40.
3.2.2 coeffıcient of friction (COF)—The dimensionless ratio of the tangential force, Q, between two bodies to the normal force,
P, pressing these bodies together when the two bodies are slipping with respect to each other, μ=Q/P.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Under partial slip conditions, the ratio of the tangential force to the normal force is less
...