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ASTM D3481-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions

Standard Test Method for Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method of applying force may be used as a standard test to compare the characteristics of a given design of container/child-resistant closure system with a standard or to compare the characteristics of container/child-resistant closure systems differing in construction.
It may be used to simulate certain manipulations that may be expected to occur in protocol testing4 (such as, prying with the teeth or objects in the room, biting, and pulling with the teeth).
This test method may be used to establish performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force required to separate (or "shell") the snap-fitted outer cap from the inner cap of Type IA, IB, or IC child-resistant closures.
1.2 This test method does not measure the force required to separate parts of a child-resistant closure system that were originally "screwed-on" instead of "snapped-on" (for example, pull a cap over or through continuous or multi-start threads when the cap was originally screwed on).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2006
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3481-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D3481-06(2011) - Standard Test Method for Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions (Withdrawn 2018)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2011

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ASTM D3481-06 - Standard Test Method for Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar MotionsASTM D3481-06 - Standard Test Method for Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
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ASTM D3481-06 - Standard Test Method for Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3481–06
Standard Test Method for
Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That
1
Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology (see Classification D3475)
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force 3.1 Definitions:
required to separate (or “shell”) the snap-fitted outer cap from 3.1.1 Type IA child-resistant closure—a two-piece continu-
the inner cap of Type IA, IB, or IC child-resistant closures. ous thread closure requiring a random push down while
1.2 This test method does not measure the force required to turning; no orientation of the push down force is necessary.
separate parts of a child-resistant closure system that were 3.1.2 Type IB child-resistant closure—a two-piece continu-
originally “screwed-on” instead of “snapped-on” (for example, ous thread closure requiring a localized squeeze force while
pull a cap over or through continuous or multi-start threads turning; the force must be applied to a designated location on
when the cap was originally screwed on). the closure skirt.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.1.3 Type IC child-resistant closure—a two-piece continu-
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for ous thread closure requiring a random squeeze while turning;
information only. no orientation of the squeeze force is necessary.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This test method measures the force required to pry the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- outercapofftheinnercapusingafixturehavingacontactpoint
under the tip of the skirt of the outer cap and leverage being
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
placed on that point and the top of the cap. This procedure is
2. Referenced Documents
used where a pivotal prying force can be successfully used to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: separate the components of the closure system. Either a torque
D3474 Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters wrench or a torque meter can be used as a measuring device.
Used in Packaging Applications
5. Significance and Use
D3475 Classification of Child-Resistant Packages
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials 5.1 This test method of applying force may be used as a
standardtesttocomparethecharacteristicsofagivendesignof
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic container/child-resistant closure system with a standard or to
compare the characteristics of container/child-resistant closure
of a Lot or Process
2.2 Other Documents: systems differing in construction.
5.2 It may be used to simulate certain manipulations that
ISO Bulletin 2233 Packaging—Complete, Filled, Transport
4
3
Packages—Part 2: Conditioning for Testing may be expected to occur in protocol testing (such as, prying
with the teeth or objects in the room, biting, and pulling with
the teeth).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
5.3 This test method may be used to establish performance
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.32 on Consumer,
specifications.
Pharmaceutical and Medical Packaging.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3481 – 97 (2002). 6. Apparatus
DOI: 10.1520/D3481-06.
2 6.1 Testing Machine(s):
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Consumer Product Safety Commission’s Poison Prevention Packaging Act,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 1970.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3481–06
Metric Equivalents
in. mm
3.00 76.2
1.00 25.4
1.70 43.2
0.50 12.7
0.22 5.6
0.04 1.0
0.07 1.8
0.88 22.4
0.38 9.7
0.60 15.2
0.85 21.6
2.10 53.3
Note A—0.040 in. (1.0 mm) or outer shell thickness.
3
Note B—Maximum 1 ⁄4 in. (34 mm)
Note C—Height adjusted with cap screw shown.
1 1 3
Note 1—
...

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4.1 Packages are often marked with handling instructions in the language of the country of origin. While this may safeguard the consignment to some extent, it is of little value for goods consigned to, or through, countries using different languages, and of no value at all if people unloading the packages are illiterate. Pictorial symbols offer the most likely means of conveying the consignor’s intention and their adoption will, therefore, undoubtedly reduce loss and damage through incorrect handling. The use of pictorial symbols does not provide any guarantee of satisfactory handling; proper protective packaging is therefore of primary importance.
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Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems

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4.1 These test methods provide a measure of a shipping container's ability to protect a product from failure due to horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the optimum design of a container or system to protect a product against a specified level of shipping environment hazard.  
4.2 These test methods provide a measure of a packaged product's ability to withstand the various levels of shipping environment hazards. These measures may be used to prescribe a mode of shipping and handling that will not induce damage to the packaged product or to define the required levels of protection that must be provided by its packaging.  
4.3 Test Method A is intended to simulate the rail car coupling environment. Refer to Methods D5277 for simulating the standard draft gear portion of that environment.
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

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4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other circumstances.  
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1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
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