EN 17339:2024

Transportable gas cylinders – Hoop wrapped and fully wrapped carbon composite cylinders and tubes for hydrogen

This document specifies minimum requirements for the materials, design, construction, prototype testing and routine manufacturing inspections of composite gas cylinders and tubes for compressed hydrogen.
NOTE 1 Unless specified in the text, for the purposes of this document, the word “cylinder” includes tubes.
This document applies to
-   fully wrapped composite cylinders (Type 3 and Type 4)
-   hoop wrapped cylinders (Type 2)
with carbon fibres intended to be permanently mounted in a frame (e.g. bundle or trailer) with a test pressure of not less than 300 bar, with:
— non-metallic liners (for Type 4) or seamless metallic liners (for Type 2 and Type 3),
— a maximum water capacity of 3 000 l
— a maximum working pressure of 1 000 bar.
— the product of working pressure times water capacity (p x V) not exceeding 1 000 000 bar.l.
NOTE 2 A glass fibre protective layer is sometimes applied to the external surface of the cylinder

Ortsbewegliche Gasflaschen - Vollumwickelte Flaschen und Großflaschen aus Kohlenstoff-Verbundwerkstoffen für Wasserstoff

Dieses Dokument legt Mindestanforderungen an die Werkstoffe, Auslegung, Herstellung, Baumusterprüfung und routinemäßigen Inspektionen während der Herstellung von Composite-Gasflaschen und -Großflaschen für verdichteten Wasserstoff fest.
ANMERKUNG 1   Sofern im Text nicht anders festgelegt, schließt der Begriff „Flasche“ für die Anwendung dieses Dokuments Großflaschen ein.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für:
-   vollumwickelte Composite-Flaschen (Typ 3 und Typ 4);
-   umfangsumwickelte Flaschen (Typ 2);
mit Kohlenstofffasern, die dafür vorgesehen sind, dauerhaft in einen Rahmen (z. B. Bündel oder Anhänger) mit einem Prüfdruck von nicht weniger als 300 bar eingebaut zu werden, mit:
-   nichtmetallischen Linern (Typ 4) oder nahtlosen metallischen Linern (für Typ 2 und Typ 3);
-   einem maximalen Fassungsraum von 3 000 l;
-   einem maximalen Betriebsdruck von 1 000 bar;
-   einem Produkt aus Betriebsdruck und Fassungsraum (p × V), das 1 000 000 bar ∙ l nicht überschreitet.
ANMERKUNG 2   Eine Glasfaser-Schutzschicht wird mitunter auf die Außenfläche der Flasche aufgebracht.

Bouteilles à gaz transportables - Bouteilles et tubes frettés et entièrement bobinés en matériaux composites carbones pour l'hydrogène

Le présent document spécifie les exigences minimales relatives aux matériaux, à la conception,
à la construction, aux essais de prototype et aux contrôles courants de production des bouteilles à gaz et tubes en matériaux composites pour l’hydrogène comprimé.
NOTE 1   Sauf mention contraire dans le texte, le terme « bouteille » inclut les tubes pour les besoins du présent document.
Le présent document s’applique aux :
-   bouteilles entièrement bobinées en matériaux composites (Type 3 et Type 4) ;
-   bouteilles frettées (Type 2) ;
avec des fibres de carbone, destinées à être montées de manière permanente dans un châssis (par exemple, un cadre ou une remorque) avec une pression d’épreuve d’au moins 300 bar et :
-   des liners non métalliques (Type 4) ou des liners métalliques sans soudure (pour Type 2 et Type 3) ;
-   une contenance maximale en eau de 3 000 l ;
-   une pression de service maximale de 1 000 bar ;
-   le produit de la pression de service multipliée par la contenance en eau (p × V) ne dépassant pas 1 000 000 bar.l.
NOTE 2   Une couche de protection en fibre de verre est parfois appliquée sur la surface de la bouteille.

Premične plinske jeklenke - Popolnoma obvite in po obodu obvite jeklenke in velike jeklenke za vodik iz kompozitnih materialov z ogljikovimi vlakni

Ta dokument določa minimalne zahteve za materiale, projektiranje, izdelavo, tipsko preskušanje in redne proizvodne preglede plinskih jeklenk in velikih jeklenk iz kompozitnih materialov za stisnjen vodik.
OPOMBA 1: Če v besedilu ni določeno drugače, izraz »jeklenka« v tem dokumentu vključuje velike jeklenke.
Ta dokument se uporablja za:
– popolnoma obvite jeklenke iz kompozitnih materialov (tipa 3 in 4);
– po obodu obvite jeklenke (tip 2);
z ogljikovimi vlakni, ki so namenjene za trajno vgradnjo v okvir (npr. sklop ali priklopnik), s preskusnim tlakom najmanj 300 barov ter:
– z oblogami iz materiala, ki ni kovina (tip 4), ali nevarjenimi kovinskimi oblogami (za tipa 2 in 3);
– z največjo prostornino vode 3000 litrov;
– z največjim delovnim tlakom 1000 barov;
– katerih zmnožek delovnega tlaka in prostornine vode (p × V) ne presega 1.000.000 barov na liter.
OPOMBA 2: Na zunanjo površino jeklenke se včasih nanese zaščitna plast iz steklenih vlaken.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Nov-2024
• ICS: 23.020.35 - Gas cylinders
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 23 - Transportable gas cylinders
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 23/WG 16 - Fully wrapped composite cylinders
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 13-Nov-2024
• Due Date: 10-Feb-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Nov-2024
• Directive: 2008/68/EC - Directve 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 24 September 2008 on the inland transport of the dangerous goods
• Mandate: M/086 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of transport of dangerous goods
• Mandate: M/TDG - Standards for referencing in the RID-ADR
• Ref Project: SIST EN 17339:2025 - Transportable gas cylinders - Hoop wrapped and fully wrapped carbon composite cylinders and tubes for hydrogen

Relations

• Replaces: EN 17339:2020 - Transportable gas cylinders - Fully wrapped carbon composite cylinders and tubes for hydrogen
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Overview

EN 17339:2024 - Transportable gas cylinders - is a CEN European Standard that sets minimum requirements for the design, materials, construction, testing and routine manufacturing inspections of carbon composite cylinders and tubes intended for compressed hydrogen service. It applies to fully wrapped (Type 3 & Type 4) and hoop wrapped (Type 2) carbon-fibre composite cylinders and tubes that are permanently mounted in a frame (e.g., bundles or trailers). EN 17339:2024 supersedes EN 17339:2020 and introduces Type 2 (hoop wrapped) cylinders into scope.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope limits and ratings
  • Test pressure ≥ 300 bar
  • Maximum working pressure 1 000 bar
  • Maximum water capacity 3 000 L
  • p × V (working pressure × water capacity) ≤ 1 000 000 bar·L
• Cylinder types
  • Type 2: Hoop wrapped (metallic liner)
  • Type 3: Fully wrapped with metallic liner
  • Type 4: Fully wrapped with non‑metallic liner
• Materials and construction
  • Carbon fibre composite overwrap, metallic or non‑metallic liners, protective glass‑fibre layers (optional)
  • Design of ends, neck rings and liner interfaces
• Testing and inspection
  • Prototype (type) testing and design‑variant tests
  • Routine production testing and batch acceptance
  • Representative tests included in the standard: material characterization, liner tests and burst tests, finished cylinder pressure tests, cyclic pressure resistance, elevated/ extreme temperature and fire resistance, impact and flawed‑cylinder tests, permeability for non‑metallic liners, and neck/connection tests
• Conformity and marking
  • Requirements for type test certificates, production certificates and mandatory marking for traceability and regulatory compliance

Applications and users

EN 17339:2024 is intended for organizations involved in the hydrogen value chain where safe, refillable, transportable hydrogen storage is required:

• Cylinder and tube designers and OEMs (composite cylinder manufacturers)
• Quality and testing laboratories performing prototype and production testing
• Fleet and trailer builders and MEGC (multiple-element gas container) integrators
• Hydrogen transport and distribution operators, refuelling station suppliers
• Regulators, certification bodies and safety engineers assessing compliance with transport regulations (RID/ADR) and national standards

Related standards

• EN 13807 (battery vehicles and MEGCs)
• EN ISO 7866, EN ISO 9809 series (related gas cylinder design and testing standards)
• Other referenced EN/ISO test methods for plastics and composites

This standard is essential for safe design, manufacture and certification of carbon composite hydrogen cylinders and helps ensure reliable hydrogen transport solutions that meet current European safety expectations.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 17339:2020
Premične plinske jeklenke - Popolnoma obvite in po obodu obvite jeklenke in
velike jeklenke za vodik iz kompozitnih materialov z ogljikovimi vlakni
Transportable gas cylinders - Hoop wrapped and fully wrapped carbon composite
cylinders and tubes for hydrogen
Ortsbewegliche Gasflaschen - Vollumwickelte Flaschen und Großflaschen aus
Kohlenstoff-Verbundwerkstoffen für Wasserstoff
Bouteilles à gaz transportables - Bouteilles et tubes frettés et entièrement bobinés en
matériaux composites carbones pour l'hydrogène
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17339:2024
ICS:
23.020.35 Plinske jeklenke Gas cylinders
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17339
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 23.020.35 Supersedes EN 17339:2020
English Version
Transportable gas cylinders - Hoop wrapped and fully
wrapped carbon composite cylinders and tubes for
hydrogen
Bouteilles à gaz transportables - Bouteilles et tubes Ortsbewegliche Gasflaschen - Vollumwickelte Flaschen
frettés et entièrement bobinés en matériaux und Großflaschen aus Kohlenstoff-Verbundwerkstoffen
composites carbones pour l'hydrogène für Wasserstoff
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 October 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17339:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols . 10
5 Design and manufacture . 10
5.1 General requirements . 10
5.2 Liner . 11
5.2.1 Metallic liner . 11
5.2.2 Non-metallic liners . 11
5.2.3 Design drawing . 11
5.2.4 Design of ends . 12
5.2.5 Neck ring. 12
5.3 Composite overwrap . 12
5.3.1 Materials . 12
5.3.2 Winding . 12
5.4 Finished cylinder . 13
5.4.1 Design drawings . 13
5.4.2 Autofrettage . 13
5.4.3 Manufacturing requirements for the finished cylinder . 14
6 Cylinder and material tests . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 Requirements and test methods . 14
6.2.1 Test 1 – Composite material tests, including adhesives (where applicable) . 14
6.2.2 Test 2 – Liner material tests . 15
6.2.3 Test 3 – Liner burst test at ambient temperature (for metallic liners only) . 15
6.2.4 Test 4 - Pressure test of finished cylinders at ambient temperature . 16
6.2.5 Test 5 – Cylinder burst test . 16
6.2.6 Test 6 – Resistance to pressure cycles at ambient temperature . 17
6.2.7 Test 7 – Exposure to elevated temperature . 19
6.2.8 Test 8 – Blunt impact test . 19
6.2.9 Test 9 – Flawed cylinder test (only for fully wrapped cylinders) . 21
6.2.10 Test 10 – Extreme temperature cycle test . 22
6.2.11 Test 11 – Fire resistance test. 23
6.2.12 Test 12 – Permeability test of cylinders with non-metallic liners. 24
6.2.13 Test 13 – Torque test for taper threads . 25
6.2.14 Test 14 – Shear stress calculation for parallel threads for steel liners and steel
bosses . 25
6.2.15 Test 15 – Neck strength . 26
6.2.16 Test 16 – Neck ring . 26
6.3 Failure to meet test requirements . 26
6.3.1 Metallic liners . 26
6.3.2 Finished cylinder . 26
7 Conformity evaluation . 27
8 Marking . 27
Annex A (normative) Prototype, design variant and production testing . 29
A.1 General . 29
A.2 Type test . 29
A.2.1 General . 29
A.2.2 Definition of new design . 29
A.2.3 Type test requirements. 30
A.2.4 Type test certificate . 31
A.3 Design variant testing . 34
A.3.1 General . 34
A.3.2 Definition of a design variant . 34
A.3.3 Design variant test requirements . 36
A.3.4 Design variant testing certificate . 36
A.4 Production testing . 39
A.4.1 General . 39
A.4.2 Production test requirements . 39
A.4.3 Liner batch tests and inspections . 39
A.4.4 Composite materials batch tests and inspections . 40
A.4.5 Tests and inspections of the finished cylinder . 40
A.4.6 Batch acceptance certificate . 41
Annex B (informative) Examples of type test and production testing certificates . 42
B.1 Type test certificate – composite cylinders with metallic liners . 42
B.2 Type test certificate – composite cylinders with non-metallic liners . 43
B.3 Design variant approval certificate – composite cylinders with metallic liners
..................................................................................................................................................... 44
B.4 Production test certificate . 45
Annex C (informative) Example of high velocity impact (bullet test) . 47
C.1 Procedure . 47
C.2 Criteria . 47
C.3 Parameters to monitor and record . 47
Bibliography . 48

European foreword
This document (EN 17339:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 23
“Transportable gas cylinders”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2025, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 17339:2020.
EN 17339:2020: introduction of Type 2 cylinders (hoop wrapped cylinders).
This document has been submitted for reference in:
— the RID and
— the technical annexes of the ADR.
NOTE These regulations take precedence over any clause of this document. It is emphasized that
RID/ADR are being revised regularly at intervals of two years which may lead to temporary non-
compliances with the clauses of this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide a specification for the design, manufacture, inspection
and testing of refillable, transportable carbon fully wrapped composite cylinders and tubes filled
with hydrogen and protected in a frame such as a bundle or a trailer.
The specifications given are based on knowledge of, and experience with, materials, design
requirements, manufacturing processes and control during manufacture of cylinders and tubes
in common use in the countries of the CEN members.
For gas cylinders covered by RID/ADR, the maximum service pressure (maximum developed
pressure at 65 °C) should not exceed the test pressure. Consequently, the safety factor applies to
the test pressure since, whatever the gas, the maximum developed pressure (p ) is, in any case,
max
lower than or equal to the test pressure.
This document only covers compressed hydrogen (dedicated service), therefore, the safety factor
is applied to the maximum developed pressure at 65 °C (p ), which is the maximum accepted
max
temperature by transport regulations.
Additionally, for assembly purposes, where the cylinders and tubes are transported with an inert
gas at a limited pressure (e.g. no more than 30 bar) other than hydrogen, there may be special
requirements, in the applicable regulation.
1 Scope
This document specifies minimum requirements for the materials, design, construction, type
testing and routine manufacturing inspections of composite gas cylinders and tubes for
compressed hydrogen.
NOTE 1 Unless specified in the text, for the purposes of this document, the word “cylinder” includes
tubes.
This document applies to:
— fully wrapped composite cylinders (Type 3 and Type 4);
— hoop wrapped cylinders (Type 2);
with carbon fibres, intended to be permanently mounted in a frame (e.g. bundle or trailer) with a
test pressure of not less than 300 bar, with:
— non-metallic liners (Type 4) or seamless metallic liners (for Type 2 and Type 3);
— a maximum water capacity of 3 000 l;
— a maximum working pressure of 1 000 bar;
— the product of working pressure times water capacity (p × V) not exceeding 1 000 000 bar.l.
NOTE 2 A glass fibre protective layer is sometimes applied to the external surface of the cylinder.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 13807, Transportable gas cylinders - Battery vehicles and multiple-element gas containers
(MEGCs) - Design, manufacture, identification and testing
EN ISO 75-1, Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 1: General test
method (ISO 75-1)
EN ISO 75-3, Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflection under load - Part 3: High-
strength thermosetting laminates (ISO 75-3)
EN ISO 527-1, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1)
EN ISO 527-2, Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test conditions for moulding
and extrusion plastics (ISO 527-2)
EN ISO 1133-1, Plastics - Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow
rate (MVR) of thermoplastics - Part 1: Standard method (ISO 1133-1)
EN ISO 1183 (all parts), Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics
EN ISO 1628-3, Plastics - Determination of the viscosity of polymers in dilute solution using capillary
viscometers - Part 3: Polyethylenes and polypropylenes (ISO 1628-3)
EN ISO 2884-1, Paints and varnishes - Determination of viscosity using rotational viscometers - Part
1: Absolute viscosity measurement with cone-plate measuring geometry at high shear rates (ISO
2884-1)
EN ISO 3146, Plastics - Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range)
of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods (ISO 3146)
EN ISO 7866, Gas cylinders - Refillable seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinders - Design, construction
and testing (ISO 7866)
EN ISO 9809-1, Gas cylinders - Design, construction and testing of refillable seamless steel gas
cylinders and tubes - Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders and tubes with tensile strength
less than 1 100 MPa (ISO 9809-1)
EN ISO 9809-2, Gas cylinders - Design, construction and testing of refillable seamless steel gas
cylinders and tubes - Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders and tubes with tensile strength
greater than or equal to 1 100 MPa (ISO 9809-2)
EN ISO 9809-4, Gas cylinders - Design, construction and testing of refillable seamless steel gas
cylinders and tubes - Part 4: Stainless steel cylinders with an Rm value of less than 1 100 MPa (ISO
9809-4)
EN ISO 10961, Gas cylinders - Cylinder bundles - Design, manufacture, testing and inspection (ISO
10961)
EN ISO 11114-1, Gas cylinders - Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents -
Part 1: Metallic materials (ISO 11114-1)
EN ISO 11114-2, Gas cylinders - Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents -
Part 2: Non-metallic materials (ISO 11114-2)
EN ISO 11114-4, Transportable gas cylinders - Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with
gas contents - Part 4: Test methods for selecting steels resistant to hydrogen embrittlement (ISO
11114-4)
EN ISO 11120, Gas cylinders - Refillable seamless steel tubes of water capacity between 150 l and
3000 l - Design, construction and testing (ISO 11120)
EN ISO 13341, Gas cylinders - Fitting of valves to gas cylinders (ISO 13341)
EN ISO 13769, Gas cylinders - Stamp marking (ISO 13769)
EN ISO 14130, Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of apparent interlaminar shear
strength by short-beam method (ISO 14130)
ISO 6721-11, Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 11: Glass
transition temperature
ISO 10618, Carbon fibre — Determination of tensile properties of resin-impregnated yarn
ASTM D 2196-10, Test methods for rheological properties of non-newtonian materials by rotational
(Brookfield) viscometer
ASTM D 2344/D 2344M-13, Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials and Their Laminates
ASTM D 4018-11, Test methods for properties of continuous filament carbon and graphite fibre
tows
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
ambient temperature
temperature of surroundings varying between 0 °C and 35 °C (for test purposes only)
3.2
autofrettage
pressure application procedure which strains the metal liner past its yield strength sufficient to
cause permanent plastic deformation, and results in the liner having compressive stresses and
the fibres having tensile stresses when at zero internal gauge pressure
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10286:2021, 3.3.4]
3.3
batch
homogeneous quantity
of material, identified and certified as such by the supplier
3.4
batch
quantity of liners of the same nominal diameter, thickness, length and design,
made successively from the same material cast and subjected to the same heat treatment for the
same length of time
3.5
batch
quantity of liners of the same nominal diameter, thickness, length and
design, made successively from the same batch of materials and subjected to the same
manufacturing process
3.6
batch
quantity of up to 200 finished cylinders, plus cylinders for
destructive testing, of the same nominal diameter, thickness, length and design which may
contain different batches of liners (providing the batches are nominally the same and have had
the same treatments), fibres and matrix materials
3.7
burst pressure
highest pressure reached in a cylinder or liner during a burst test
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10286:2021, 3.5.26, modified — “or liner” has been added.]
3.8
composite overwrap
combination of fibres and matrix
3.9
elastomer
material which at ambient temperature can be stretched repeatedly to at least twice its original
length and will return with force to approximately its original length immediately upon release
of the stress
3.10
external coating
layer of clear or pigmented material applied to the cylinder as protection or for cosmetic purposes
3.11
liner
inner portion of a composite cylinder, whose purpose is both to contain the gas and transmit the
gas pressure to the composite overwrap
Note 1 to entry: It can be metallic or non-metallic, load sharing or non-load sharing
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10286:2021, 3.1.3.3 modified — “comprising a metallic or non-metallic vessel”
has been removed and Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.12
matrix
material that is used to bind and hold the fibres in place
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10286:2021, 3.1.3.2]
3.13
non-load sharing liner
liner that contributes less than 5 % of the load bearing of the overall cylinder design at nominal
burst pressure of the finished composite cylinder
Note 1 to entry: In this document, a non-load sharing liner is assumed to be a non-metallic one.
3.14
non-metallic liner
liner made from thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastomer material
Note 1 to entry: In this document, a non-metallic liner is assumed to be a non-load sharing one.
3.15
thermoplastic
plastics capable of being repeatedly softened by increase of temperature and hardened by
decrease of temperature
3.16
thermoset
plastics which, when cured by the application of heat or chemical means, change into a
substantially infusible and insoluble product
3.17
test pressure
required pressure applied during a pressure test
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10286:2021, 3.5.24]
3.18
working pressure
settled pressure of a compressed gas at a uniform reference temperature of 15 °C in a full gas
cylinder
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10286:2021, 3.5.30]
4 Symbols
p actual burst pressure of composite cylinder, in bar above atmospheric pressure
b
(1 bar = 10 Pa = 0,1 MPa.)
pbL burst pressure of liner, in bar above atmospheric pressure
(1 bar = 10 Pa = 0,1 MPa.)
p minimum burst pressure of composite cylinder obtained during design variant approval
bmin
testing, in bar above atmospheric pressure
p hydraulic test pressure of composite cylinder, in bar above atmospheric pressure, p is
h h
equal to 1,5 × p
w
(1 bar = 10 Pa = 0,1 MPa.)
p maximum developed pressure at 65 °C, in bar above atmospheric pressure. It is assumed
max
in this document to be equal to 1,18 × p
w
(1 bar = 10 Pa = 0,1 MPa.)
pw working pressure
5 Design and manufacture
5.1 General requirements
A hoop wrapped composite gas cylinder is manufactured with a metallic liner.
A fully wrapped composite gas cylinder may be manufactured with a metallic or non-metallic
liner. An optional external coating or fibre layers may be used to provide external protection and
when this is an integral part of the design, it shall be permanent.
The cylinder may also include additional parts (e.g. neck rings and foot rings).
Cylinders shall be designed with one or two openings along the central axis only.
The cylinders covered by this document shall be permanently mounted in a bundle according to
EN ISO 10961 or a trailer/MEGCs according to EN 13807.
5.2 Liner
5.2.1 Metallic liner
Metallic liners shall be manufactured in accordance with the relevant sections of:
Type of metallic liner Related Standard
a) seamless steel liners: EN ISO 9809-1, EN ISO 9809-2 or EN
ISO 11120, as appropriate;
b) seamless stainless steel liners: EN ISO 9809-4;
c) seamless aluminium alloy liners: EN ISO 7866

The relevant sections are those covering materials, thermal treatments, neck design, construction
and workmanship and mechanical tests.
The liner material shall be compatible with hydrogen as determined by EN ISO 11114-1 and
EN ISO 11114-4.
NOTE This excludes the design requirements, since these are specified by the manufacturer for the
design of the composite cylinder. For liners with water capacity above 150 l manufactured of stainless steel
or aluminium alloy, the relevant sections of the appropriate standard also apply.
5.2.2 Non-metallic liners
A cylinder with a non-metallic liner shall be designed as if the liner will be non-load sharing. The
liner material shall be compatible with hydrogen as determined by EN ISO 11114-2 or
demonstrated by suitable testing.
Where a metal end boss is used in a non-metallic liner, it shall be considered part of the liner
material and shall fulfil the material requirements specified in the relevant standard, as listed in
5.2.1. Other materials are acceptable if hydrogen compatibility is demonstrated by testing
according to EN ISO 11114-4 or if it is accepted by design standards (e.g. EN ISO 7866).
The drawing of the liner shall include the specification of the material and material properties of
the boss. The following material properties of the boss shall be specified in the design:
— minimum yield stress;
— minimum tensile strength;
— minimum elongation;
— compatibility with hydrogen as determined by EN ISO 11114-1.
The metal end boss bearing the cylinder thread shall be designed to withstand the torque applied
in fitting the valve to the cylinder and the tests specified in Test 13 (for taper threads only, see
6.2.13) and Test 14 (see 6.2.14).
5.2.3 Design drawing
A fully dimensioned drawing of the liner shall be supplied which includes the specification of the
material and material properties. Material and liner properties to be specified on the drawing are:
a) for metallic liners:
— minimum yield stress;
— minimum tensile strength;
— minimum elongation;
— minimum burst pressure;
— compatibility with hydrogen as determined by EN ISO 11114-1.
b) for non-metallic liners:
— density;
— melting point, as determined by:
— EN ISO 3146 for thermoplastics; or
— EN ISO 75-1 and EN ISO 75-3 for thermoset materials;
— glass transition temperature as determined by differential scanning calorimetry;
— composition;
— compatibility with hydrogen as specified by EN ISO 11114-2 or demonstrated by suitable
testing;
— end boss design in accordance with 5.2.2.
5.2.4 Design of ends
The external diameter and thickness of the formed neck end of the liner shall be designed to
withstand the torque applied in fitting the valve to the cylinder and the tests specified in Test 13
(for taper threads only, see 6.2.13) and Test 14 (see 6.2.14).
5.2.5 Neck ring
When a neck ring is provided, it shall be of a material compatible with that of the cylinder, and
shall be securely attached by an appropriate method to the liner (or cylinder for cylinders without
liner) or boss material.
5.3 Composite overwrap
5.3.1 Materials
Material requirements for the fibre and matrix or the pre-impregnated material shall be as
specified by the cylinder manufacturer.
5.3.2 Winding
Appropriate procedures shall be specified for the winding and curing process to ensure good
repeatability and traceability.
Parameters to be specified, monitored and/or recorded, as applicable, are:
a) composite overwrap component percentages;
b) batch numbers of the material used as defined in 3.3 to 3.6;
c) number of strands used;
d) winding tension per strand (if applicable);
e) winding speed(s);
f) winding angle and/or pitch for each layer;
g) resin bath temperature range (if applicable);
h) temperature of the strand before consolidation (if applicable);
i) number and order of layers;
j) procedure used to obtain correct impregnation (e.g. wet winding or pre-impregnation);
k) polymerisation cycle (if applicable);
l) polymerisation process (e.g. thermal cycling, ultrasonic, ultraviolet or radiation).
For thermal polymerisation, the temperature and the length of the polymerisation cycle of the
resin system shall be such that they do not adversely affect the mechanical characteristics of the
liner. In addition, tolerances for holding time and temperature at each stage shall be defined.
5.4 Finished cylinder
5.4.1 Design drawings
A fully dimensioned drawing of all parts that constitute the finished cylinder shall be supplied.
The design drawing shall include tolerances on all dimensions, including out-of-roundness and
straightness.
The drawing shall include the specification of the material(s), the material properties and the
reinforcement pattern. The specifications and the reinforcement patterns may be given in a
technical specification enclosed with the drawing.
The details of a permanently applied external coating, if it is an integral part of the design, shall
be specified.
The test pressure, autofrettage pressure (if applicable) and minimum burst pressure for the
design shall be specified.
Any special characteristics or special limitations (e.g. design life, vacuum suitability and/or
maximum fitting torque restrictions) shall be stated.
5.4.2 Autofrettage
Internal pressurization to autofrettage pressure of cylinders with metallic liners can be part of
the manufacturing process; if so this operation shall be executed after polymerisation of the
composite for thermosetting resins or after the consolidation process for thermoplastics.
During the autofrettage operation, the following parameters shall be recorded:
a) autofrettage pressure;
b) length of application of the autofrettage pressure;
c) expansion at autofrettage pressure;
d) permanent expansion after autofrettage.
If autofrettage is used, a check shall be made on all cylinders that the procedure has been
effectively performed.
5.4.3 Manufacturing requirements for the finished cylinder
The internal and external surfaces of the finished cylinder shall be free of defects which can
adversely affect the safe working of the cylinder. In addition, there shall be no visible foreign
matter present inside the cylinder (e.g. resin, swarf or other debris).
NOTE EN ISO 9809-1, EN ISO 9809-2, EN ISO 9809-3 and EN ISO 7866 provide guidelines on possible
defects in metallic liners. For composite cylinders, EN ISO 11623 contains information on possible defects.
6 Cylinder and material tests
6.1 General
This clause specifies tests to be conducted on cylinders, cylinder liners and the materials used in
manufacture of cylinders for type testing of new cylinder designs, design variant testing and
production testing. The tests listed can be required or optional, as identified in the schedule of
testing and inspections in Annex A.
No tests shall be performed with a removable protective sleeve fitted to the cylinder.
Precautions should be taken to avoid blistering and collapse, manufacturers's instructions should
provide guidelines in order to do so.
6.2 Requirements and test methods
6.2.1 Test 1 – Composite material tests, including adhesives (where applicable)
6.2.1.1 Procedure
Tests on the composite materials to establish their mechanical properties shall be carried out in
accordance with:
a) carbon fibre tensile properties: ISO 10618 or ASTM D 4018-11;
b) shear properties: EN ISO 14130 or ASTM D 2344/D 2344M-13;
c) matrix properties:
1) glass transition temperature: ISO 6721-11;
2) heat distortion temperature: EN ISO 75-3;
3) viscosity: EN ISO 1628-3 for thermoplastics; EN ISO 2884-1 or ASTM D 2196-10 for
thermosets.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) shall be at least 85 °C. Tg shall be verified during type test.
Equivalent tests in accordance with alternative standards or test specifications may be applied.
6.2.1.2 Criteria
The mechanical properties shall meet the minimum requirements for the design as specified by
the cylinder manufacturer.
6.2.2 Test 2 – Liner material tests
6.2.2.1 Procedure
Tests on the liner material shall be carried out for:
a) seamless steel – as specified in EN ISO 9809-1, EN ISO 9809-2 or EN ISO 11120, as
appropriate;
b) seamless stainless steel – as specified in EN ISO 9809-4;
c) seamless aluminium alloy – as specified in EN ISO 7866;
d) non-metallic materials:
1) thermoplastics:
i. melting point – EN ISO 3146;
ii. density – EN ISO 1183;
iii. melting flow index – EN ISO 1133-1;
2) thermosets and elastomerics:
i. elongation at break – EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-2;
ii. tensile strength – EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-2;
iii. density – EN ISO 1183.
Equivalent tests in accordance with alternative standards or test specifications may be applied.
6.2.2.2 Criteria
The mechanical properties shall meet the minimum requirements for the design as specified by
the manufacturer.
6.2.3 Test 3 – Liner burst test at ambient temperature (for metallic liners only)
6.2.3.1 Procedure
The hydraulic burst test shall be carried out as specified in EN ISO 9809-1 or EN ISO 7866 as
appropriate.
6.2.3.2 Criteria
a) burst pressure of the liner (p ) shall be equal to or greater than the minimum design burst
bl
pressure, as specified in 5.2.3;
b) burst initiation shall be in the cylindrical part, except in cases where the liner length is less
than 3 times the outside diameter, and the liner shall remain in one piece;
c) in addition, for hoop wrapped composite cylinder, burst pressure of the liner (p ) shall be
bl
greater than or equal to 0,85 times maximum developed pressure (p ) and to the minimum
max
specified in 5.2.3. a).
6.2.3.3 Parameters to monitor and record
a) burst pressure;
b) number of pieces;
c) failure mode description (e.g. pictures);
d) pressure/time curve or pressure/volume curve.
6.2.4 Test 4 - Pressure test of finished cylinders at ambient temperature
6.2.4.1 Procedure
Where cylinders are subjected to autofrettage, the pressure test may immediately follow or be
part of the autofrettage operation.
When carrying out the pressure test, a suitable fluid (e.g. water) shall be used as the test medium.
The fluid pressure in the cylinder shall be increased at a controlled rate until the test pressure
(p ) is reached. The cylinder shall remain at the test pressure (p ) for at least 30 s for water
h h
capacities up to 150 l and at least 2 min for water capacities above 150 l.
The limit deviation on attaining test pressure shall be + 3 % - 0 % of test pressure (p ).
h
Alternatively, a pneumatic pressure test can be used provided that appropriate measures are
taken to ensure safe operation and to contain any energy that can be released, which is
considerably more than in the hydraulic test.
6.2.4.2 Criteria
a) pressure shall remain steady;
b) there shall be no leaks;
c) after the test, the cylinder shall show no visible permanent deformation.
6.2.4.3 Parameters to monitor during the test
Parameters to monitor during the test are the following:
— the pressure;
— the volumetric expansion.
6.2.5 Test 5 – Cylinder burst test
6.2.5.1 Procedure
The hydraulic pressure burst test shall be carried out using a test rig, which allows pressure to be
increased at a controlled way. The new cylinders from a given type shall be pressurized with the
same machine set up.
The test shall be carried out in ambient conditions and the temperature on the external surface
of the cylinder shall be maintained between 5 °C and 30 °C. The rate of pressurization shall be
such as the test duration is at least 1 min 30 s.
The cylinder shall be pressurized at a controlled rate until failure. The pressure against time curve
or pressure against volume curve shall be plotted.
The maximum pressure achieved during the test shall be recorded as the burst pressure.
6.2.5.2 Criteria
For fully wrapped composite cylinder, the burst pressure shall be greater than, or equal to, the
manufacturer’s minimum specified design burst pressure and 2,0 × maximum developed
pressure.
For hoop wrapped composite cylinder the burst pressure shall be greater than, or equal to, the
manufacturer’s minimum specified design burst pressure and 1,67 × maximum developed
pressure.
6.2.5.3 Parameters to monitor and record
a) Burst pressure;
b) number of pieces;
c) description of failure;
d) pressure/time curve or pressure/volume curve.
6.2.6 Test 6 – Resistance to pressure cycles at ambient temperature
6.2.6.1 For non-limited life
6.2.6.1.1 Procedure
The cycle test shall be carried out using a test rig, which allows pressure to be increased and
decreased at a controlled rate and automatically suspends the test when the cylinder has failed,
either by leakage or rupture.
The test shall be carried out with a non-corrosive liquid subjecting the cylinder to successive
reversals at an upper cyclic pressure equal to the maximum developed pressure at 65 °C (p ).
max
The value of the lower cyclic pressure shall not exceed 10 % of the upper cyclic pressure or
maximum of 30 bar.
The cylinder shall actually experience the maximum and minimum cyclic pressures during this
test.
The cycle tests shall be carried out in ambient conditions and the temperature on the outside
surface of the cylinder shall not exceed 50 °C during the test. The frequency of reversals of
pressure shall not exceed 5 cycles per minute.
The temperature of the external surface of the cylinder shall be monitored at least twice a day.
The number of cycles achieved during the test shall be recorded.
After completion of this test, the cylinder shall then be destroyed (e.g. by bursting), or made
incapable of holding pressure.
6.2.6.1.2 Criteria
The cylinder shall withstand 15 000 cycles up to maximum developed pressure at 65 °C
(p = 1,18 × p ) without failure.
max w
6.2.6.1.3 Parameters to monitor and record
a) Temperature of the cylinder;
b) number of cycles achieving upper cyclic pressure;
c) minimum and maximum cyclic pressures;
d) cycle frequency;
e) test medium used;
f) mode of failure, if appropriate.
6.2.6.2 For limited life
6.2.6.2.1 Procedure
This test shall be conducted in accordance with the procedure as specified in 6.2.6.1 and consists
of two parts run sequentially and continuously. Different criteria apply to the two parts as shown
in Table 1.
After completion of this test, the cylinder shall then be destroyed (e.g. by bursting), or made
incapable of holding pressure.
6.2.6.2.2 Criteria
The cylinders shall withstand N pressurization cycles to maximum developed pressure at 65 °C
(p = 1,18 × p ) for hydrogen service without failure by burst or leakage, where:
max w
N = y × 500 cycles per year of design life;
y is the number of years of design life;
y shall be a whole number which is not less than 15 years.
The test shall continue for a further N cycles, or until the cylinder fails by leakage, whichever is
the sooner. In either case, the cylinder shall be deemed to have passed the test. However, should
failure during this second part of the test be by burst, then the cylinder shall have failed the test
(see Table 1).
Table 1 — Test 6 criteria
1st part 2nd part
Number of cycles 0 to N N to 2N but 2N no more than 30 000
Criteria No leakage/burst = Pass
No leakage or burst Leakage = Pass
Pass 1st part Burst = Fail
6.2.6.2.3 Parameters to monitor and record
a) Temperature of the cylinder;
b) number of cycles, achieving upper cyclic pressure;
c) minimum and maximum cyclic pressures;
d) cycle frequency;
e) test medium used;
f) mode of failure, if any.
6.2.7 Test 7 – Exposure to elevated temperature
6.2.7.1 Procedure
For a design service life of up to 20 years, two cylinders shall be hydraulically pressurized to
maximum developed pressure at 65 °C (p ), and shall be maintained at this pressure for 1 000 h.
max
For a design service life greater than 20 years, including non-limited life, the test shall run for
2 000 h.
The test shall be conducted at 70 °C ± 5 °C and a relative humidity of more than 50 %. After this
test, the cylinders shall be subjected to Test 5 (see 6.2.5).
6.2.7.2 Criteria
The burst pressure shall be greater than or equal to the minimum burst pressure as specified in
6.2.5.2.
6.2.7.3 Paramet
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