EN 16450:2017
(Main)Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5)
Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5)
In order to be in compliance with EU Air Quality Directive requirements, the reference methods given in the Directive 2008/50/EC [1] for the measurement of mass concentrations of particulate matter are not commonly used for operation in routine monitoring networks. These networks usually apply automated continuous measurement systems (AMS), such as those based on the use of oscillating microbalances, ß-ray attenuation, or in-situ optical methods. Such AMS are typically capable of producing 24-hour average measurement values over a measurement range up to 1 000 µg/m3 and 1-hour average measurement values up to 10 000 µg/m3, if applicable, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling.
The 1-hour average values may be used for:
a) direct information of the public;
b) aggregation to produce daily or yearly average concentration values for regulatory reporting purposes.
Directive 2008/50/EC allows the use of such systems after demonstration of equivalence with the reference method, i.e. after demonstration that these systems meet the Data Quality Objectives for continuous measurements. Guidelines for the demonstration of equivalence are given in Reference [2].
This European Standard lays down the minimum performance requirements and test procedures for the type approval of appropriate AMS for particulate matter. This includes the evaluation of its equivalence with the reference method as laid down in Directive 2008/50/EC.
Further, this European Standard describes minimum requirements for ongoing quality assurance – quality control (QA/QC) of AMS deployed in the field. These requirements are necessary to ensure that uncertainties of measured concentrations are kept within the required limits during extended periods of continuous monitoring in the field, and include procedures for maintenance, calibration and control checks.
Additional procedures are described that determine whether an instrument’s equivalence to the reference method is maintained through possible pollution climate changes, over periods longer than five years.
Lastly, this European Standard describes harmonized requirements and procedures for the treatment and validation of raw measurement data that are used for the assembly of daily or yearly average concentration values. Experience with existing methods for data treatment and validation – for similar AMS – has shown that the different ways of data treatment and validation applied may lead to significant differences in reported results for similar datasets [3].
When the European Standard is used for purposes other than measurements required by Directive 2008/50/EC, the range and uncertainty requirements may not apply.
This European Standard contains information for different groups of users.
Clauses 5 and 6 and Annex A contain general information about the principles of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter, and relevant equipment.
Clause 7 and Annexes B and C are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform type-approval testing of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter. These clauses contain information about:
c) type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
d) system performance requirements;
e) evaluation of the type-approval test results;
f) evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter based on the type-approval test results.
Clauses 8 to 11 are aimed at monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of particulate matter in ambient air. These clauses contain information about:
g) initial installation of the system in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
h) ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
i) on-going verification of suitability;
j) treatment, validation and reporting of measurement results.
Außenluft - Automatische Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration (PM10; PM2,5)
Um den Anforderungen der EU-Luftqualitätsrichtlinie 2008/50/EG [1] zu entsprechen, werden die dort angeführten Referenzverfahren zur Messung der Staubmassenkonzentrationen beim Betrieb von Messnetzen in der Regel nicht für die Routineüberwachung angewendet. In diesen Messnetzen werden üblicherweise kontinuierlich messende automatische Messeinrichtungen (AMS) eingesetzt wie z. B. solche, die auf dem Prinzip der oszillierenden Mikrowaage, der ß-Strahlen-Absorption oder optischen In situ Verfahren beruhen. Derartige AMS sind üblicherweise in der Lage, 24-h-Mittelwerte der Messwerte über einen Messbereich von bis zu 1 000 µg/m3 und 1-h-Mittelwerte von bis zu 10 000 µg/m3 zu erzeugen, sofern anwendbar. Das zugrunde liegende Luftvolumen bezieht sich auf die Außenluftbedingungen in der Nähe des Lufteinlasses.
Die 1-h-Mittelwerte dürfen für Folgendes verwendet werden:
a) zeitnahe Unterrichtung der Öffentlichkeit;
b) Aggregation zur Erzeugung von Tages- oder Jahresmittelwerten der Konzentration für Berichtspflichten im gesetzlich geregelten Bereich.
ANMERKUNG Nationale Berichtspflichten im gesetzlich geregelten Bereich können andere Mittelungszeiträume für die Durchschnittswerte erforderlich machen (z. B. monatlich).
Die EU-Luftqualitätsrichtlinie 2008/50/EG ermöglicht die Anwendung derartiger Messeinrichtungen nach dem Nachweis der Gleichwertigkeit mit dem Referenzverfahren, d. h. nach dem Nachweis, dass diese Messeinrichtungen die Datenqualitätsziele für kontinuierliche Messungen einhalten. Die Leitlinien zum Nachweis der Gleichwertigkeit sind in Literaturhinweis [2] angeführt.
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Mindestleistungsanforderungen und Eignungsprüfverfahren geeigneter AMS für Staub fest. Die Norm schließt die Bewertung der Gleichwertigkeit mit dem Referenzverfahren nach der Richtlinie 2008/50/EG ein.
Außerdem werden in dieser Europäischen Norm die Mindestanforderungen an die laufende Qualitätssicherung/Qualitätslenkung (QA/QC) von im Feld eingesetzten AMS beschrieben. Diese Anforderungen sind notwendig, um sicherzustellen, dass die Unsicherheiten der gemessenen Konzentrationen über einen längeren Zeitraum der kontinuierlichen Messung im Feld innerhalb der geforderten Grenzen bleiben; sie schließen Verfahren für Wartung, Überprüfung und Kalibrierung ein.
Zusätzliche Verfahren werden beschrieben, um die Gleichwertigkeit eines Geräts mit dem Referenzverfahren unter möglichen Luftverunreinigungs- und Klimaveränderungen über einen Zeitraum von mehr als fünf Jahren sicherzustellen.
Schließlich werden in dieser Europäischen Norm harmonisierte Anforderungen an und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung und Validierung von Rohmessdaten beschrieben, die zur Berechnung von Tages- oder Jahresmittelwerten verwendet werden. Erfahrungen mit bestehenden Verfahren zur Verarbeitung und Validierung von Daten - für gleichartige AMS - haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene angewendete Methoden der Datenverarbeitung und -validierung bei gleichartigen Datensätzen zu signifikanten Unterschieden bei den in Berichten angeführten Ergebnissen führen können [3].
Wird diese Europäische Norm zu anderen Zwecken als den nach der Richtlinie 2008/50/EG geforderten Messungen angewendet, treffen die Anforderungen an Messbereich und Unsicherheit möglicherweise nicht zu.
Diese Norm enthält Informationen für verschiedene Nutzergruppen.
Die Abschnitte 5 und 6 sowie Anhang A enthalten allgemeine Angaben zu den Prinzipien von kontinuierlich messenden automatischen Messeinrichtungen für Staub sowie zu der entsprechenden Ausrüstung.
Abschnitt 7 sowie die Anhänge B und C richten sich speziell an Prüfinstitute und -laboratorien, die Eignungsprüfungen von kontinuierlich messenden automatischen Messeinrichtungen für Staub durchführen. Diese Abschnitte enthalten Informationen zu Folgendem:
c) Eignungsprüfbedingungen, -verfahren und -anforderungen;
d) Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit der Einrichtung;
(...)
Air ambiant - Systèmes automatisés de mesurage de la concentration de matière particulaire (PM10; PM2,5)
Pour se conformer aux exigences de la Directive de l’Union européenne sur la qualité de l'air, les méthodes de référence indiquées dans la Directive 2008/50/CE [1] pour le mesurage de la concentration massique de la matière particulaire ne sont pas systématiquement appliquées en routine dans les réseaux de surveillance. Ces réseaux utilisent en règle générale des systèmes de mesurage continu automatisés (AMS) tels que ceux s'appuyant sur l'utilisation de microbalances oscillantes ou l'atténuation du rayonnement bêta, ou sur des méthodes optiques in situ. Ces AMS sont, en règle générale, capables de produire des mesures moyennes sur vingt-quatre heures pour une plage allant jusqu'à 1 000 µg/m3 et des mesure moyennes sur une heure jusqu'à 10 000 µg/m3, le cas échéant, pour un volume d’air rapporté aux conditions ambiantes au niveau de l’orifice d’entrée d’échantillonnage lors du prélèvement.
Les valeurs moyennes sur une heure peuvent :
a) fournir une information directe du public ;
b) être agrégées pour produire des valeurs de concentrations moyennes journalières ou annuelles destinées à satisfaire aux exigences réglementaires de rapportage.
La Directive 2008/50/CE autorise l'utilisation de ces systèmes sous réserve qu'ils aient démontré leur équivalence à la méthode de référence, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'il est démontré que ces systèmes répondent aux objectifs de qualité des données en matière de mesurage en continu. La Référence [2] donne les lignes directrices relatives à la démonstration de cette équivalence.
La présente norme stipule les exigences de performance minimales et les modes opératoires d'essais pour l'approbation de type d’AMS adaptés à la matière particulaire. Ceci inclut l'évaluation de leur équivalence à la méthode de référence telle que stipulée dans la Directive 2008/50/CE.
En outre, la présente norme décrit les exigences minimales en matière d'assurance qualité/contrôle qualité (AQ/CQ) en continu des AMS déployés sur site. Ces exigences sont nécessaires pour garantir que les incertitudes des concentrations mesurées se maintiennent dans les limites requises pendant des périodes prolongées de surveillance continue sur site. Elles comportent des modes opératoires d'entretien, d'étalonnage et de vérification de contrôle.
Il est également procédé à la description de modes opératoires additionnels qui déterminent si l'équivalence d'un instrument à la méthode de référence est toujours valide en dépit des variations possibles des caractéristiques de la pollution sur des périodes supérieures à cinq ans.
Enfin, la présente norme décrit des exigences et des modes opératoires harmonisés se rapportant au traitement et à la validation des données de mesure brutes agrégées pour la production de concentrations moyennes journalières ou annuelles. L'expérience acquise avec les méthodes existantes de traitement et de validation des données, pour des AMS semblables, montre que les différents modes de traitement et de validation des données appliqués peuvent conduire à des différences importantes dans les résultats reportés pour des ensembles de données similaires [3].
Lorsque la présente norme est utilisée à des fins autres que les mesurages exigés par la Directive 2008/50/CE, les exigences en matière de plage et d'incertitudes peuvent ne pas s'appliquer.
La présente norme comporte des informations à l'usage de groupes d'utilisateurs différents.
Les Articles 5 et 6, ainsi que l'Annexe A, comportent des informations générales sur les principes de fonctionnement de systèmes automatisés de mesurage continu de la matière particulaire, ainsi que sur l'instrumentation correspondante.
(...)
Zunanji zrak - Avtomatski merilni sistemi za merjenje koncentracije delcev (PM10; PM2,5)
Da bi bile skladne z zahtevami Evropske direktive o kakovosti zraka, se referenčne metode za merjenje masne koncentracije delcev, navedene v Direktivi, pogosto ne uporabljajo v rutinskih mrežah za spremljanje stanja. Te mreže ponavadi uporabljajo avtomatizirane sisteme za neprekinjeno merjenje (AMS), kot so tisti, ki temeljijo na uporabi oscilirajočih mikroravnotežij ali znižanju ravni beta žarkov, in optične metode na kraju samem. Taki avtomatizirani merilni sistemi običajno lahko proizvedejo 24-urne povprečne merilne vrednosti do 1000 μg/m3 in 1-urne merilne vrednosti do 10.000 μg/m3, če je potrebno, ko je prostornina zraka prostornina pri sobnih pogojih blizu dovoda v času vzorčenja. 1-urne povprečne vrednosti se lahko uporabijo za: – neposredno obveščanje javnosti, – združevanje rezultatov za določanje dnevnih ali letnih koncentracij za namene regulativnega poročanja. Evropska direktiva o kakovosti zraka 2008/50/ES dovoljuje uporabo takih sistemov, če je bila dokazana enakovrednost z referenčno metodo, oz. po prikazu, da so ti sistemi skladni s cilji o kakovosti podatkov za neprekinjene meritve. V tem standardu so navedene minimalne zahteve glede zmogljivosti in preskusni postopki za izbiro primernih avtomatiziranih sistemov za merjenje delcev (homologacija). To vključuje oceno enakovrednosti z referenčno metodo. Ta standard prav tako opisuje minimalne zahteve za neprekinjeno zagotavljanje kakovosti – nadzor kakovosti (QA/QC) avtomatiziranega sistema na terenu. Te zahteve so potrebne za zagotavljanje, da so merilne negotovosti izmerjenih koncentracij v daljših obdobjih spremljanja na terenu znotraj zahtevanih omejitev in sistemi vključujejo vzdrževalne postopke, kalibracijo in kontrolne preglede. Opisani so dodatni postopki za zagotavljanje enakovrednosti instrumenta z referenčno metodo v obdobjih, daljših od petih let, zaradi morebitnih podnebnih sprememb, ki nastanejo kot posledica onesnaženja. Nazadnje pa ta standard opisuje zahteve in postopke za obravnavo in validacijo neobdelanih izmerjenih podatkov, ki bodo uporabljeni za izdelavo dnevnih ali letnih povprečnih vrednosti koncentracije. Izkušnje z obstoječimi metodami za obdelavo podatkov in validacijo – za podobne avtomatizirane merilne sisteme – so pokazale, da različni načini obdelave podatkov in validacije lahko vodijo do pomembnih razlik v rezultatih pri podobnih naborih podatkov. Če se ta standard uporablja za druge namene in ne za namene Direktive EU, zahteve glede razponov in negotovosti ne veljajo. Ta standard vsebuje informacije za različne skupine uporabnikov. Točki 5 in 6 ter dodatek A vsebujejo splošne informacije o načelih avtomatiziranih sistemov za neprekinjeno merjenje delcev in s tem povezane opreme. Osrednji predmet obravnave točke 7 in prilog B in C so laboratoriji, ki izvajajo homologacijske preizkuse avtomatiziranih sistemov za neprekinjeno merjenje delcev. Te točke vsebujejo informacije o naslednjem: – pogoji homologacijskega preskusa, preskusni postopki in zahteve; zahteve za delovanje sistema; – ocena rezultatov homologacijskega preskusa; – ocena negotovosti rezultatov meritev avtomatiziranih sistemov za neprekinjeno merjenje delcev na podlagi rezultatov homologacijskega preskusa. Osrednji predmet obravnave točk od 8 do 11 je spremljanje mrež, ki opravljajo praktične meritve delcev v zunanjem zraku. Te točke vsebujejo informacije o naslednjem: – začetna namestitev sistema v mreži za spremljanje stanja in preskušanje ustreznosti; – neprekinjeno zagotavljanje kakovosti/nadzor kakovosti; – preverjanje enakovrednosti; – obravnava, validacija in poročanje rezultatov merjenja.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16450:2013
Zunanji zrak - Avtomatski merilni sistemi za merjenje koncentracije delcev (PM10;
PM2,5)
Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of
particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5)
Außenluft - Automatische Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration
(PM10; PM2,5)
Air ambiant - Systèmes automatisés de mesurage de la concentration de matière
particulaire (PM10; PM2,5)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16450:2017
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16450
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.040.20 Supersedes CEN/TS 16450:2013
English Version
Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the
measurement of the concentration of particulate matter
(PM10; PM2,5)
Air ambiant - Systèmes automatisés de mesurage de la Außenluft - Automatische Messeinrichtungen zur
concentration de matière particulaire (PM10; PM2,5) Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration (PM10; PM2,5)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 January 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16450:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 9
5 Principle . 10
6 Sampling . 12
7 Type testing . 13
8 Field operation and ongoing quality control . 29
9 Data handling, validation and data reports . 38
10 Reporting of AMS data . 39
11 Test reports and documentation – Field operation . 39
Annex A (informative) Examples of principles of AMS for monitoring particulate matter . 40
A.1 Oscillating microbalance . 40
A.2 ß-ray attenuation . 41
A.3 Light scattering . 42
A.4 System consisting of a central instrument and an array of regional instruments . 42
Annex B (normative) Orthogonal regression algorithms . 43
Annex C (normative) Performing calibrations of the AMS . 45
Annex D (normative) Elements of type testing report . 47
Annex E (informative) Elements of suitability evaluation report . 49
Bibliography . 50
European foreword
This document (EN 16450:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 16450:2013.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
In order to be in compliance with EU Air Quality Directive requirements, the reference methods given in
the Directive 2008/50/EC [1] for the measurement of mass concentrations of particulate matter are not
commonly used for operation in routine monitoring networks. These networks usually apply automated
continuous measurement systems (AMS), such as those based on the use of oscillating microbalances,
ß-ray attenuation, or in situ optical methods. Such AMS are typically capable of producing 24-h average
measurement values over a measurement range up to 1 000 µg/m and 1-h average measurement
values up to 10 000 µg/m , if applicable, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions
near the inlet.
The 1-h average values may be used for:
a) direct information of the public;
b) aggregation to produce daily or yearly average concentration values for regulatory reporting
purposes.
NOTE National regulatory reporting purposes could require other time basis for averages (i.e. monthly).
Directive 2008/50/EC allows the use of such systems after demonstration of equivalence with the
reference method, i.e. after demonstration that these systems meet the Data Quality Objectives for
continuous measurements. Guidelines for the demonstration of equivalence are given in Reference [2].
This European Standard lays down the minimum performance requirements and test procedures for
the type testing of appropriate AMS for particulate matter. The standard includes the evaluation of its
equivalence with the reference method as laid down in Directive 2008/50/EC.
Further, this European Standard describes minimum requirements for ongoing quality assurance –
quality control (QA/QC) of AMS deployed in the field. These requirements are necessary to ensure that
uncertainties of measured concentrations are kept within the required limits during extended periods
of continuous monitoring in the field, and include procedures for maintenance, calibration and control
checks.
Additional procedures are described that determine whether an instrument’s equivalence to the
reference method is maintained through possible pollution climate changes, over periods longer than
five years.
Lastly, this European Standard describes harmonized requirements and procedures for the treatment
and validation of raw measurement data that are used for the assembly of daily or yearly average
concentration values. Experience with existing methods for data treatment and validation – for similar
AMS – has shown that the different ways of data treatment and validation applied may lead to
significant differences in reported results for similar data sets [3].
When the European Standard is used for purposes other than measurements required by
Directive 2008/50/EC, the range and uncertainty requirements may not apply.
This European Standard contains information for different groups of users.
Clauses 5 and 6 and Annex A contain general information about the principles of automated continuous
measurement systems for particulate matter, and relevant equipment.
Clause 7 and Annexes B and C are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that
perform type testing of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter. These
clauses contain information about:
c) type testing conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
d) system performance requirements;
e) evaluation of the type testing results;
f) evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the automated continuous
measurement systems for particulate matter based on the type testing results.
Clauses 8 to 11 are aimed at monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of
particulate matter in ambient air. These clauses contain information about:
g) initial installation of the system in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
h) ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
i) on-going verification of suitability;
j) treatment, validation and reporting of measurement results.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12341, Ambient air - Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination of the PM10 or
PM2,5 mass concentration of suspended particulate matter
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ambient air
outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplaces as defined by Directive 89/654/EEC [4] where
provisions concerning health and safety at work apply and to which members of the public do not have
regular access
[SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC [1]]
3.2
automated measuring system
AMS
entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices necessary for obtaining a measurement
result
3.3
availability of the AMS
fraction of the time period for which valid measuring data of the ambient air concentration is available
from an AMS
[SOURCE: EN 14211 [5]]
3.4
calibration
operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity
values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding
indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to
establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
Note 1 to entry: A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram,
calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of
the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly
called “self-calibration”, nor with verification of a calibration.
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012 (VIM) [6]]
3.5
combined standard uncertainty
standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a
number of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the
variances or covariances of these other quantities weighted according to how the measurement result
varies with changes in these quantities
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 [7]]
3.6
competent authority
organization which implements the requirements of EU Directives and regulates installations, which
shall comply with the requirements of applicable European Standards
Note 1 to entry: In ambient air quality monitoring this is an authority that performs one or more of the tasks
listed in Article 3 of Directive 2008/50/EC.
3.7
competent body
organization which can demonstrate its competence for a specific task to the compete
...
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