prEN 16440-2

Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for insulated means of transport - Part 2: Eutectic cooling devices

This European standard applies to eutectic cooling devices which are intended to be used with insulated transport equipment.
The following applications are covered:
•   Eutectic cooling devices with or without compressor /condenser unit intended to be installed into
insulated means of transport (e.g. lorries, trailers, swap bodies, other transport containers and
wagons). Charging of the eutectic elements from the liquid to the solid phase may be performed
either by a compressor/condenser unit mounted onto the vehicle or cooled by a stationary direct or indirect system. The eutectic cooling devices are equipped, if relevant, with necessary components for the charging, transmission, cooling and/or with temperature control devices. The eutectic elements can be fitted with or without fans.
•   Eutectic cooling devices with independent eutectic elements which have to be charged using external
means.
This standard specifies the testing methodologies.
This standard is only applicable for mono-temperature eutectic cooling devices. This standard does not provide any safety requirements.

Prüfung von Kühleinrichtungen für wärmegedämmte Transportmittel - Teil 2: Eutektische Kühleinrichtungen

Méthodes d'essai des dispositifs de réfrigération des moyens de transport isothermes - Partie 2: Dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques

Metode za preskušanje hladilnih naprav za toplotno izolirana transportna sredstva - 2. del: Evtektične hladilne naprave

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 27.200 - Refrigerating technology
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 413 - Project Committee - Testing methodologies and requirements for insulated means of transportation
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 413/WG 2 - EN 16440 - devices
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 16440-2:2020 - Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for insulated means of transport - Part 2: Eutectic cooling devices

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16440-2:2020
01-julij-2020

Metode za preskušanje hladilnih naprav za toplotno izolirana transportna sredstva

- 2. del: Evtektične hladilne naprave

Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for insulated means of transport - Part 2:

Eutectic cooling devices

Prüfung von Kühleinrichtungen für wärmegedämmte Transportmittel - Teil 2: Eutektische

Kühleinrichtungen

Méthodes d'essai des dispositifs de réfrigération des moyens de transport isothermes -

Partie 2: Dispositifs de réfrigération eutectiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16440-2
ICS:
27.200 Hladilna tehnologija Refrigerating technology
oSIST prEN 16440-2:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 16440-2:2020
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oSIST prEN 16440-2:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16440-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2020
ICS 27.200
English Version
Testing methodologies for refrigerating devices for
insulated means of transport - Part 2: Eutectic cooling
devices

Méthodes d'essai des dispositifs de réfrigération des Prüfung von Kühleinrichtungen für wärmegedämmte

moyens de transport isothermes - Partie 2: Dispositifs Transportmittel - Teil 2: Eutektische

de réfrigération eutectiques Kühleinrichtungen

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 413.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16440-2:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and uncertainties ............................................................................ 4

3.1 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 4

3.2 Symbols and uncertainties ........................................................................................................................ 10

4 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 11

4.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 11

4.2 Description of the eutectic cooling devices and eutectic units .................................................... 11

4.3 Test equipment .............................................................................................................................................. 11

4.4 Installation and connection of the eutectic cooling device ............................................................ 15

5 Test conditions and methodology........................................................................................................... 15

5.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 15

5.2 Test conditions .............................................................................................................................................. 15

5.3 Testing of dependent eutectic cooling device .................................................................................... 17

5.4 Time measurement ...................................................................................................................................... 21

5.5 Functional tests - Defrosting device test .............................................................................................. 21

5.6 Air flow measurement................................................................................................................................. 21

6 Test results ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

6.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 21

6.2 Useful cooling capacity ............................................................................................................................... 22

6.3 Total power ..................................................................................................................................................... 23

6.4 Determination of the cooling energy efficiency ratio EER ............................................................ 23

7 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................... 24

8 Marking ............................................................................................................................................................ 25

8.1 Marking, type plate ...................................................................................................................................... 25

8.2 Information on total energy consumption .......................................................................................... 25

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 26

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European foreword

This document (prEN 16440-2:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 413

“Insulated means of transport for temperature sensitive goods with or without cooling and/or heating

device”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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1 Scope

This document applies to eutectic cooling devices which are intended to be used with insulated

transport equipment.
The following applications are covered:

• Eutectic cooling devices with or without compressor/condenser unit intended to be installed into

insulated means of transport (e.g. lorries, trailers, swap bodies, other transport equipment and

wagons). Charging of the eutectic elements from the liquid to the solid phase may be performed

either by a compressor/condenser unit mounted onto the vehicle or by a stationary direct or

indirect system. The eutectic cooling devices are equipped, if relevant, with necessary components

for the charging, transmission, cooling and/or with temperature control devices. The eutectic

elements can be fitted with or without fans;

• Eutectic cooling devices with independent eutectic elements are not covered by this document.

This document specifies the testing methodologies.

This document is only applicable for mono-temperature eutectic cooling devices. This document does

not provide any safety requirements.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and

associated terms (VIM)
EN ISO 5801, Fans - Performance testing using standardized airways (ISO 5801)
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and uncertainties
3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 and the

following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
air volume flow (for eutectic units with fans, only)
volume flow delivered by the fan(s) in the eutectic unit
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3.1.2
calorimeter box

thermally insulated room in which the eutectic unit of the eutectic cooling device is placed

Note 1 to entry: With eutectic cooling devices, usually the insulated transport equipment is used as the

calorimeter box.
3.1.3
charging time

period of time required for the freezing of the eutectic mixture inside the eutectic elements which shall

be submitted to the charging conditions defined by the manufacturer
3.1.4
compressor/condenser unit

part of the eutectic cooling device including compressor, condenser, condenser fans, housing, drives

(electric motor, internal combustion motor, hydraulic engine and similar) and the operating panel with

the control devices
3.1.5
conditioned test room

room where the test conditions can be maintained at a constant level and in which the calorimeter box

with the eutectic unit is mounted

Note 1 to entry: Eutectic unit is mounted inside the calorimeter box and its compressor condensing unit is

mounted outside the calorimeter box, if applicable.
3.1.6
insulated means for transport

insulated vans, bodyworks for trucks and trailers, swap bodies, any kind of mobile containers and

railway wagons
3.1.7
cooling device
system which lowers and/or maintains temperature
3.1.8
cooling energy efficiency ratio
EER

ratio of the useful cooling energy E to the total energy consumption E of the eutectic cooling device

C T
under rated conditions
3.1.9
energy supply

devices not forming part of the eutectic cooling device but providing or generating the form of energy

required for its operation

Note 1 to entry: This includes electric generators, hydraulic pumps, electric accumulators and fuel cells, among

others.
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3.1.10
dependent eutectic cooling device

system with eutectic unit serving as a cooling device, intended to be installed into an insulated

transport equipment with a compressor/condenser unit intended to be installed or not onto the vehicle

to charge the eutectic unit
3.1.11
eutectic element

elements (e.g. tubes, plates, etc.) containing eutectic mixtures intended for cold charging, optionally

having evaporation tubes or heat exchangers
3.1.12
eutectic mixture

liquid mixture of two or more components which at certain ratios inhibit the crystallisation process of

one another resulting in a system having a lower melting point than either component

3.1.13
eutectic unit

part of the eutectic cooling device consisting of one or more eutectic elements with or without forced

air circulation and, if applicable, including the required expansion or refrigerant control valve and

refrigerant distributor
3.1.14
heat load

Heating power delivered into the calorimeter box by electric heating elements during the determination

of the useful cooling capacity P
3.1.15
heat transmission
heat flow through the insulated limiting surfaces of the calorimeter box
3.1.16
heat transmission energy

thermal energy transmitted through the insulated limiting surfaces of the calorimeter box during the

determination of the maximum cooling time t
cmax
3.1.17
independent eutectic cooling unit

eutectic elements or eutectic units without any connection to a refrigerant circuit

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.18
inlet air temperature at the compressor/condenser unit
IN CON

mean temperature of different measuring points located at air inlets of the compressor/condenser unit

3.1.19
inlet air temperature at the eutectic unit (for eutectic units with fans, only)
IN CD

mean temperature of different measuring points located at air inlets of the eutectic unit

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3.1.20
inside temperature of the calorimeter box

arithmetic mean temperature measured at different locations inside the calorimeter box

3.3.21
load space

volume inside an insulated transport equipment or a compartment available for loading the goods

including any required accessories (i.e. shelves, meat rails, etc.)
3.1.22
maximum cooling time
cmax
period of time after the charging time starting:
⦁ for direct charging, from the switch off of the compressor/condenser unit;
⦁ for indirect charging, from the switching off of the stationary plant;

⦁ for independent eutectic cooling devices, at the closing of the calorimeter box

stopping when the inside temperature T of the calorimeter box exceeds the requested temperature of

the class
3.1.23
operating time (for eutectic units with fans, only)
period of total run time of the eutectic unit fans during the test
3.1.24
outlet air temperature at the eutectic unit (for eutectic units with fans, only)
OUT CD

mean temperature of different measuring points located on the air outlet of the eutectic unit

3.1.25
rated conditions
constant values laid down for comparison and certification purposes
3.1.26
temperature of the conditioned test room

mean temperature of different measurement points located outside the calorimeter box (in the

conditioned test room)
3.1.27
total energy consumption

energy consumption of all components necessary for the operation of the eutectic cooling device under

rated conditions, over the total charging time and the maximum cooling time
Note 1 to entry: Example of energy: fuel or electricity.
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3.1.28
total power

arithmetic mean of the power input of all eutectic cooling device components necessary for the

operation during charging and/or cooling under rated conditions, including all means for operation

3.1.29
total thermal transmittance

heat flow passing through the insulating limiting surfaces of the calorimeter box per degree

temperature difference
3.1.30
useful cooling capacity

capacity of the eutectic unit available with a defined heat load inside the calorimeter box determined

under rated conditions
3.1.31
useful cooling energy

cooling energy stored in the eutectic elements and available over the maximum cooling time at a certain

heat load in the calorimeter box under rated conditions
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oSIST prEN 16440-2:2020
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Key
1 Condenser
2 Compressor/Condenser unit
3 Compressor
4 Optional fans/optional control devices
5 Eutectic element no. 1
6 Eutectic element no. 2 (cross section with inside heat exchanger)
7 expansion valve
8 Secondary Refrigerant
9 Pump
10 Heat exchanger
Figure 1 — Typical principles for eutectic cooling devices
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3.2 Symbols and uncertainties

For the purposes of this document the symbols and accuracies given in Table 1 apply:

Table 1 — Symbols and uncertainties
Symbol Quantity Unit Uncertainties
V Air volume flow m /h ±5 %
c specific heat J/kg K —
EER cooling energy efficiency ratio Wh/Wh ±7 %
E useful cooling energy Wh ±3 %
E total energy consumption Wh ±5 %
E energy transmission Wh ±3 %
t maximum cooling time s ±1 %
cmax
P useful cooling capacity W ±5 %
PHL heat load W ±1 %
P power to the fans of the eutectic unit W ±3 %
fan
P total power W ±1 %
P heat transmission W ±3 %
t charging time s ±1 %
T temperature of the conditioned test room °C ±0,5 °C
T inside temperature of the calorimeter box °C ±0,5 °C
T inlet air temperature at the condenser unit °C ±0,5 °C
IN CON
T inlet air temperature at the cooling device °C ±0,5 °C
IN CD
T outlet air temperature at the cooling device °C ±0,5 °C
OUT CD
t operating time s ±1 %
U total thermal transmittance W/K ±3 %

NOTE 1 The uncertainties are either the maximal measurement uncertainties for the measured quantity or the

uncertainties in the determination of quantities when those are calculated.
NOTE 2 1 Wh = 3,6 kJ
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4 Requirements
4.1 General

For eutectic cooling devices, eutectic units and eutectic elements the following requirements apply.

4.2 Description of the eutectic cooling devices and eutectic units

The overall height, length and width of cooling device or unit as well as the installation or mounting

dimensions shall be specified by the manufacturer. Energy supply lines are not considered. Moreover,

all dimensions of the components that are required for assessing the cooling equipment shall be

determined.
The charging conditions shall be specified by the manufacturer.
4.3 Test equipment
4.3.1 General requirements

The testing equipment shall be so equipped that all requirements of this standard for setting of

reference values, stability criteria and accuracy shall be fulfilled.

All measuring systems used for testing shall be calibrated at regular intervals. The measuring

uncertainty shall not exceed the values specified in Table 2.

Each measured quantity shall be recorded at intervals of 120 s maximum using the arithmetic mean of

measured values of each sensor with a time interval of 10 s or lower.
Air temperature sensors shall be protected against radiation when necessary.
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Table 2 — Measuring uncertainty
Measured quantity Unit Measuring uncertainty
Air temperatures °C ±0,3 °C
3 –1
Air flow rate m h ±5 %
Refrigerant
• Pressure Pa ±5,0 %
• Temperature °C ±0,5 °C
• Temperature °C ±0,5 K
Electric quantities
• Voltage V ±0,5 %
• Current A ±0,5 %
• Electrical power kW ±1 %
• Electrical energy consumption Wh ±1 %
Time
• Time measurement s ±1 %
Dimensions m ±0,5 %
Contents
Speed min ±0,5 %
Torque Nm ±2 %
Heat load W ±1 %
Total power W ±1 %
Heat transmission energy kJ ±3 %
Total energy consumption kJ ±1 %
NOTE min = 1/60 s

The useful cooling capacity P under steady-state conditions shall be so determined that the maximum

measuring uncertainty does not exceed 5 %.
Testing laboratories should follow the principles of ISO/IEC 17025.
4.3.2 Requirements for the calorimeter box

For the test of the eutectic cooling devices the heat transmission P of the calorimeter box shall be kept

to a minimum and not exceed 35 % of the measured useful cooling capacity P .

The electric heating elements of the heat load in the calorimeter box shall be controllable and shall not

be of the forced air circulation type. It shall not exceed the specific heat load of 1 W/cm in steady-state

conditions. The distance between the electric heating elements and the ceiling, floor and walls shall be

at least 100 mm. The heating elements should be distributed uniformly across the horizontal section of

the calorimeter box, positioned at 1/3 of the height of the calorimeter box and designed to be radiation-

protected. The distance from the heating elements to the temperature sensors and the eutectic unit,

shall be at least 300 mm.
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In the case of forced air circulation eutectic unit it shall be ensured that any short circuit of the air flow

between the inlet and the outlet of the eutectic unit is ruled out in the calorimeter box.

Depending on the inner volume of the calorimeter box the number of temperature sensors, their

distances to the heating elements and to the eutectic unit, shall be reduced and defined according to

Table 3 and Figure 2.

Table 3 — Number and location of temperature measuring points inside and outside the

calorimeter box, heater location, during eutectic cooling device test, according to the inner

volume

Inner volume of the Location of the Number and location of Number and location of

calorimeter box or heater above the the inside temperature the outside
the insulated floor, and from the measuring points temperature
transport equipment walls measuring points
4 8
0,050 m in the 4 corners of the in the 8 corners
plan section located on
B = 0,05 m
0,02 < V ≤ 0,50
the middle of the height
(see Figure 3)
A = 0,050 m
(see Figure 3)
8 8
0,10 m in the 8 corners in the 8 corners
0,50 < V ≤ 2,00
B = 0,100 m A = 0,100 m
(see Figure 3) (see Figure 3)
12 12
0,10 m in the 8 corners and in in the 8 corners and in
the centre of the the centre of the
B = 0,100 m
2,00 < V 4 largest internal 4 largest external
(see Figure 3)
surfaces surfaces
A = 0,100 m
(see Figure 3)
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Key
1 Eutectic Unit
2 Empty loading space
3 Electrical heater
4 Calorimeter box or small container
5 Conditioned test room
6 door
7 Low emissive plate 100 located at 1/3 height

Figure 2 — Exemplary placement of horizontal eutectic units for measurement of useful cooling

capacity
Key
1 Temperature measuring point
2 1/3 internal height of the calorimeter box
3 Heater

Figure 3 — Exemplary placement of horizontal eutectic units for measurement of useful cooling

capacity
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4.3.3 Requirements for the conditioned test room

The size of the conditioned test room and the size of the calorimeter box shall be selected so that air

stream cannot be obstructed at the air inlets and outlets of the eutectic cooling device.

Therefore, when the cooling device is switched off, the room air stream velocity at a distance of 0,10 m

of the calorimeter box walls shall be between 1 and 2 m/s in the centre of the lateral surfaces.

The calorimeter box has to be set up with a distance of at least 0,30 m from the floor of the conditioned

test room.

The air temperature of the conditioned test room shall be so regulated that the mean ambient

temperature of the calorimeter box shall be maintained within ± 0,5 K. At any given time the maximum

difference between the temperatures of any two temperature sensors shall not exceed 2 K.

4.4 Installation and connection of the eutectic cooling device
4.4.1 General

The eutectic cooling unit shall be installed in the calorimeter box and the compressor/condenser unit

mounted onto it in compliance with the manufacturer’s installation and operation instructions.

The location and positions of horizontal eutectic elements inside the calorimeter box shall be in the

upper 50 % of the calorimeter box.

4.4.2 Installation of eutectic cooling device with locally separated components (split system)

The following installation conditions shall be observed for tests of eutectic cooling device consisting of

several parts:

• refrigerant piping between the locally separated parts and inside the calorimeter box shall be in

accordance with the manufacturer’s specification;

• refrigerant piping shall be so installed that the height difference between the highest and lowest

pipe does not exceed 3,5 m;

• the thermal insulation of the refrigerant piping shall be carried out according to the manufacturer’s

specification.
5 Test conditions and methodology
5.1 General

For the dependent eutectic cooling devices with calorimeter box the following requirements apply.

The useful cooling capacity of eutectic cooling devices is determined by measurements in a calorimeter

box. To determine the useful cooling capacity, a heat load P shall be applied in the calorimeter box by

means of electric heating elements.
5.2 Test conditions
5.2.1 Generality and rated conditions

The tests are carried in accordance with the manufacturer’s indications of the eutectic cooling device

under the rated conditions given in Table 4. For eutectic units without fans the reference temperature is

the inside temperature of the calorimeter box. For eutectic units with fans the reference temperature is

the inlet air temperature at the eutectic unit.
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Table 4 — Rated conditions
Inlet air temperature at the
Inside temperature of the calorimeter box T
compressor/condenser unit i
T or temperature of the
IN CON
or inlet air temperature at the eutectic unit T
IN CD
conditioned test room T
°C °C
Normal conditions: 30
Elevated conditions: 38 +25 +12 +7 0 −10 −20 −30
Tropical conditions: 43
Pharmaceutical transport Range of inside temperatures
(as above)
of the calorimeter box T
or inlet air temperature at the eutectic unit T
IN CD
+25 to +15 +8 to +2 −15 to −25

The total energy consumption during the charging time shall be measured at one of the inlet air

temperatures T of the compressor/condenser unit as given in Table 4 and at a minimum of one

IN CON

inlet air temperature at the eutectic unit or one inside temperature of the calorimeter box according to

Table 4 and manufacturer's instructions.

The useful cooling capacity or the useful cooling energy shall be measured at one of the air temperature

of the conditioned test room as given in Table 4 and at a minimum of one air inlet temperature at the

eutectic unit or one inside temperature of the calorimeter box according to Table 4 and manufacturer’s

instructions.

For the determination of the energy efficiency of eutectic cooling devices, the tests performed at a

minimum of one of the test temperatures given in Table 4 are taken as a basis.

For comparison reasons the energy efficiency and the useful cooling capacity measurements shall be

carried out at +30 °C inlet air temperature at the compressor/condenser unit of the conditioned test

room.

For eutectic mixtures that operate at temperatures other than the rated inside temperatures conditions

given in Table 4, the manufacturer shall specify alternate appropriate rated conditions.

For eutectic cooling devices with independent eutectic elements, the total energy consumption of the

charging period is stated conventionally as shown in Annex A.
5.2.2 Temperature measurements
5.2.2.1 General

The maximum difference of the measured inlet temperatures of any two temperature sensors shall be

lower than 2 K, at any given time.

The measurement of temperature shall be carried out with an uncertainty not higher than the

uncertainties defined in Table 2.
5.2.2.2 Temperature of the conditioned test room T

The temperature of the conditioned test room T shall be measured on the outside of the calorimeter

box, at a distance of 100 mm from the walls, the floor and the roof, at the points mentioned in Table 3.

From the measured temperatures the arithmetic mean is calculated on the set of points on the total

duration of the test. This mean value is the temperature of the conditioned test room T .

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5.2.2.3 Inside temperature of the calorimeter box T

The temperature of the calorimeter box shall be measured inside the calorimeter box at a distan

...