EN 113-3:2023

Durability of wood and wood-based products - Test method against wood destroying basidiomycetes - Part 3: Assessment of durability of wood-based panels

This document describes a method for assessing the durability of wood-based panels or analogue wood products to attack by wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi growing in pure culture.
The test method described in this document is intended to complement EN 113-2 with focus on specific aspects of wood-based panels or analogue wood products. This document is not intended to determine the effectiveness of wood preservatives used to prevent decay, which is covered by EN 113-1.
NOTE   This method can be used in conjunction with an appropriate ageing procedure, for example EN 73 or EN 84.
The method is applicable to uncoated, rigid wood-based panel products. It is applicable to the determination of the decay resistance of wood-based panel products:
-   made from naturally durable materials;
-   made from materials treated with preservatives prior to manufacture;
-   treated with a preservative which is introduced during manufacture, for example as an additive to the adhesive;
-   specific treatments to increase durability of wood-based panels, e.g. wood modification.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on sampling.
Annex B (normative) contains some methods of sterilization.
Annex C (informative) contains information on the culture vessels.
Annex D (informative) contains an example of a test report.
Annex E (informative) contains information on the test fungi.
Annex F (informative) contains the assessment of the results.
Annex G (informative) contains extra info on moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and impact of dimensions.

Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Prüfverfahren in Bezug auf Holz zerstörende Basidiomyceten - Teil 3: Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holzwerkstoffen

Dieses Dokument beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holzwerkstoffen oder entsprechenden Holzprodukten gegen den Angriff von Holz zerstörenden, in Reinkultur wachsenden Basidiomyceten.
Das in diesem Dokument beschriebene Prüfverfahren dient dazu, EN 113 2 im Hinblick auf bestimmte Eigenschaften von Holzwerkstoffen oder entsprechenden Holzprodukten zu ergänzen. Dieses Dokument dient nicht dazu, die Wirksamkeit von Holzschutzmitteln, die zur Fäulnisverhinderung eingesetzt werden, zu bestimmen, die in EN 113 1 behandelt wird.
ANMERKUNG   Dieses Verfahren kann in Verbindung mit einer geeigneten Alterungsbeanspruchung angewendet werden, z. B. EN 73 oder EN 84.
Das Verfahren ist für unbeschichtete, starre Holzwerkstoffe anwendbar. Es ist anwendbar zur Bestimmung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Fäulnis bei Holzwerkstoffprodukten:
—   die aus natürlich dauerhaften Materialien hergestellt wurden;
—   die aus Materialien hergestellt wurden, die zuvor mit Holzschutzmitteln behandelt wurden;
—   die mit einem Holzschutzmittel behandelt wurden, das während der Herstellung eingebracht wurde, z. B. als Zusatzstoff zu einem Klebstoff;
—   mit spezifischen Behandlungen zur Erhöhung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holzwerkstoffen, wie z. B. Modifi¬zierung von Holz.
Anhang A (informativ) enthält eine Anleitung zur Probenahme.
Anhang B (normativ) enthält einige Sterilisationsverfahren.
Anhang C (informativ) enthält Informationen zu den Prüfgefäßen.
Anhang D (informativ) enthält ein Beispiel für einen Prüfbericht.
Anhang E (informativ) enthält Informationen zu den Prüfpilzen.
Anhang F (informativ) enthält die Bewertung der Ergebnisse.
Anhang G (informativ) enthält zusätzliche Informationen zu Feuchtedynamik, Beschichtungen, Verbund¬werkstoffen und zum Einfluss der Maße.

Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Méthode d’essai contre les champignons basidiomycètes lignivores - Partie 3 : Évaluation de la durabilité des panneaux à base de bois

Le présent document décrit une méthode d’évaluation de la durabilité des panneaux à base de bois ou de produits en bois analogues à l’attaque des champignons basidiomycètes lignivores en culture pure.
La méthode d’essai décrite dans le présent document est destinée à compléter l’EN 113 2 en mettant l’accent sur des aspects spécifiques des panneaux à base de bois ou des produits en bois analogues. Le présent document n’a pas pour vocation de déterminer l’efficacité d’un produit de préservation du bois utilisé pour empêcher la dégradation fongique qui est couverte par l’EN 113 1.
NOTE 1   La détermination de l’efficacité d’un produit de préservation du bois empêchant la dégradation fongique relève du domaine d’application de l’EN 113 1.
NOTE 2   Cette méthode peut être utilisée conjointement avec une épreuve de vieillissement adaptée, par exemple l’EN 73 ou l’EN 84.
NOTE 3   Complémentaire à l’EN 113 2, la présente partie porte sur le mode opératoire d’essai spécifique aux panneaux à base de bois et produits en bois analogues.
La méthode est applicable aux panneaux à base de bois rigides et non revêtus. Elle est applicable à la détermination de la résistance à la pourriture des panneaux à base de bois :
—   fabriqués à partir de matériaux naturellement durables ;
—   fabriqués à partir de matériaux traités avec des produits de préservation avant leur fabrication ;
—   traités avec un produit de préservation introduit en cours de fabrication, par exemple un additif à la colle ;
—   ayant subi des traitements spécifiques pour accroître la durabilité des panneaux à base de bois, par exemple la modification du bois.
NOTE 4   Cette méthode peut être utilisée conjointement avec une épreuve de vieillissement adaptée, par exemple l’EN 73 ou l’EN 84.
L’Annexe A (informative) donne des recommandations relatives à l’échantillonnage.
L’Annexe B (normative) donne plusieurs méthodes de stérilisation.
L’Annexe C (informative) donne des informations sur les flacons de culture.
L’Annexe D (informative) représente un exemple de rapport d’essai.
L’Annexe E (informative) donne des informations sur les champignons d’essai.
L’Annexe F (informative) décrit l’évaluation des résultats.
L’Annexe G (informative) contient des informations supplémentaires sur la cinétique d’humidification, les revêtements, les composites et l’impact des dimensions.

Trajnost lesa in lesnih proizvodov - Preskusna metoda proti glivam prostotrosnicam, ki uničujejo les - 3. del: Ocenjevanje odpornosti lesenih plošč

Ta evropski standard opisuje metodo za ocenjevanje odpornosti izdelkov iz lesnih panelov proti glivam odprtotrosnicam, ki uničujejo les in rastejo v čisti kulturi.
Ta metoda se uporablja za nepremazane izdelke iz togih lesnih panelov. Namenjena je za določanje odpornosti izdelkov iz lesnih panelov proti razpadanju. Gre za izdelke:
– izdelane iz naravno trpežnih materialov;
– izdelane iz materialov, ki so obdelani z zaščitnimi sredstvi pred izdelavo;
– obdelane z zaščitnim sredstvom, ki se ga nanese v postopku izdelave, na primer kot aditiv lepilu;
– obdelane z zaščitnim sredstvom po izdelavi.
OPOMBA 1: Ta metoda se lahko uporablja v povezavi z ustreznim postopkom staranja, na primer EN 73 ali EN 84.
OPOMBA 2: Izdelki iz lesnih panelov, ki so bili zaščitno obdelani po izdelavi, so lahko dovzetni za napad prek robov preskusnih vzorcev in navedena odpornost proti razpadanju je lahko manjša od tiste, ki velja za celotne uporabljene panele.
Dodatek A (informativni) vsebuje smernice za vzorčenje.
Dodatek B (normativni) vsebuje nekatere metode za sterilizacijo.
Dodatek C (informativni) vsebuje podatke o posodah za kulture.
Dodatek D (informativni) vsebuje primer poročila o preskušanju.
Dodatek E (informativni) vsebuje podatke za preskusne glive.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Feb-2023
• ICS: 79.060.01 - Wood-based panels in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 38 - Durability of wood and derived materials
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 38/WG 23 - Fungal testing (basidiomycetes-microfungi)
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 08-Feb-2023
• Due Date: 21-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 08-Feb-2023
• Ref Project: SIST EN 113-3:2023 - Durability of wood and wood-based products - Test method against wood destroying basidiomycetes - Part 3: Assessment of durability of wood-based panels

Relations

• Replaces: ENV 12038:2002 - Durability of wood and wood-based products - Wood-based panels - Method of test for determining the resistance against wood-destroying basidiomycetes
• Effective Date: 22-Feb-2017

Overview

EN 113-3:2023 - "Durability of wood and wood-based products - Test method against wood-destroying basidiomycetes - Part 3" - is a CEN laboratory test standard for assessing the decay resistance of uncoated, rigid wood-based panels and analogue wood products when exposed to wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi in pure culture. It complements EN 113-2 and is distinct from EN 113-1, which covers the effectiveness of wood preservatives.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability
  • Applies to uncoated, rigid wood-based panel products made from naturally durable materials, pre-treated materials, products with preservatives added during manufacture, and panels modified to increase durability.
• Test principle
  • Small specimens of the panel are pre-conditioned and exposed to pure cultures of basidiomycete fungi to measure mass loss and decay resistance.
• Specimen preparation and controls
  • Pre-conditioning to remove temporary protection effects and a minimum moisture uptake requirement are included.
  • Increased rigour for control specimens (e.g., more virulence control specimens than previous versions).
• Sterilization and culture
  • Annex B (normative) provides updated sterilization methods (e.g., steam or ionizing radiation).
  • Annex C gives guidance on culture vessels; Annex E describes test fungi used.
• Assessment and reporting
  • Annex F (informative) details result assessment; Annex D provides a sample test report.
  • Validity requirements and assessment procedures have been revised relative to earlier versions.
• Supporting information
  • Annex A: sampling guidance; Annex G: moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and dimensional impacts.

Practical applications and users

• Who uses EN 113-3:2023
  • Independent test laboratories and certification bodies performing durability testing.
  • Manufacturers of wood-based panels (quality control and product development).
  • Research organizations studying decay mechanisms, wood modification, or composite performance.
  • Specifiers, building designers, and regulators assessing material suitability and durability claims.
• Typical uses
  • Demonstrating decay resistance for technical data sheets and compliance documentation.
  • Comparing durability of different panel formulations, treatments, or wood modifications.
  • Research and development of new panel products or manufacturing processes.
  • Combined testing with ageing procedures (e.g., EN 73, EN 84) to simulate long-term exposure.

Related standards

• EN 113-1 - Effectiveness of wood preservatives (different focus)
• EN 113-2 - Complementary test methods for other wood products
• EN 73, EN 84 - Ageing procedures that can be used in conjunction with EN 113-3

Keywords: EN 113-3:2023, durability of wood-based panels, test method, wood-destroying basidiomycetes, decay resistance, sterilization, moisture dynamics, wood-based panel testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS ENV 12038:2004
Trajnost lesa in lesnih proizvodov - Preskusna metoda proti glivam
prostotrosnicam, ki uničujejo les - 3. del: Ocenjevanje odpornosti lesenih plošč
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Test method against wood destroying
basidiomycetes - Part 3: Assessment of durability of wood-based panels
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Prüfverfahren in Bezug auf Holz
zerstörende Basidiomyceten - Teil 3: Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holzwerkstoffen
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Méthode d’essai contre les
champignons basidiomycètes lignivores - Partie 3 : Évaluation de la durabilité des
panneaux à base de bois
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 113-3:2023
ICS:
79.060.01 Lesne plošče na splošno Wood-based panels in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 113-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 79.060.01 Supersedes ENV 12038:2002
English Version
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Test
method against wood destroying basidiomycetes - Part 3:
Assessment of durability of wood-based panels
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten -
Méthode d'essai contre les champignons Prüfverfahren in Bezug auf Holz zerstörende
basidiomycètes lignivores - Partie 3 : Évaluation de la Basidiomyceten - Teil 3: Bewertung der
durabilité des panneaux à base de bois Dauerhaftigkeit von Holzwerkstoffen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 December 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 113-3:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Principle . 7
5 Test material and apparatus . 7
5.1 Biological material . 7
5.1.1 Test fungi . 7
5.1.2 Solid wood stock . 8
5.2 Products and reagents . 9
5.2.1 Culture medium . 9
5.2.2 Additive for white rot fungi . 9
5.3 Apparatus . 10
5.3.1 Conditioning supports . 10
5.3.2 Conditioning room . 10
5.3.3 Culture chamber . 10
5.3.4 Culture vessels . 10
5.3.5 Ventilated drying oven . 10
5.3.6 Desiccators . 10
5.3.7 Test specimens supports . 10
5.3.8 Safety equipment and protective clothing . 10
5.3.9 Equipment for steam sterilization or access to a radiation source . 10
5.3.10 Ordinary laboratory equipment . 10
6 Test specimens . 11
6.1 General . 11
6.2 Test specimen preparation. 11
7 Numbers of test specimens . 11
7.1 Test product specimens . 11
7.1.1 Test specimens . 11
7.1.2 Moisture content check specimens . 11
7.1.3 Wetting check specimens . 11
7.2 Virulence control specimens . 11
8 Procedure. 12
8.1 Pre-conditioning . 12
8.2 Initial dry mass . 12
8.2.1 Test product specimens . 12
8.2.2 Virulence control specimens . 13
8.3 Sterilization of test specimens . 13
8.4 Preparation of the culture vessels . 13
8.5 Inoculation . 13
8.6 Exposure of test specimens . 13
8.6.1 Preparation of additive for white rot fungi . 13
8.6.2 Test specimens . 14
8.6.3 Virulence control specimens . 14
8.6.4 Wetting check specimens . 14
8.7 Culture conditions and duration of the test . 14
8.8 Assessment of the test . 14
8.8.1 Examination of the test specimens . 14
8.8.2 Final dry mass . 14
8.8.3 Validity of results . 15
9 Validity of the test . 15
10 Assessment of results . 15
11 Test report . 16
Annex A (informative) Guidance on sampling . 18
Annex B (normative) Methods of sterilization . 19
B.1 Ionizing radiation . 19
B.2 Steam . 19
Annex C (informative) Culture vessels . 20
Annex D (informative) Example of a test report. 23
Annex E (informative) Test fungi . 26
E.1 General information on maintaining and acquisition of test strains . 26
E.2 Maintenance and treatment of test fungi . 26
E.3 Information regarding obligatory test fungi . 27
E.3.1 Coniophora puteana (Schumacher ex Fries) Karsten [Synonym: Coniophora cerebella
(Persoon) Duby] . 27
E.3.2 Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin ex Fries) Kummer . 27
E.3.3 Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon ex Fries) Murrill [Synonyms: Lenzites trabea
(Persoon ex Fries) Fries - Trametes trabea (Persoon ex Fries) Bresadola] . 27
E.3.4 Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus ex Fries) Pile [Synonyms: Polyporus versicolor
Linnaeus ex Fries - Polystictus versicolor (Linnaeus) Saccardo - Coriolus versicolor

(Linnaeus) Quelet] . 27
E.3.5 Rhodonia placenta (Fr.) Niemelä, K.H. Larss. and Schigel [Synonym: Poria placenta
(Fries) Cooke sensu J. Eriksson - Poria monticola Murrill] . 28
E.4 Information regarding optional test fungi . 28
Annex F (informative) Assessment of results . 31
Annex G (informative) Moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and impact of dimensions. 33
G.1 General information on moisture dynamics . 33
G.2 Coated wood-based panels . 33
G.3 Wood polymer composites and natural fibre composites . 33
G.4 Impact of dimensions . 34
Bibliography . 35
European foreword
This document (EN 113-3:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of
wood and wood-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by August 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes ENV 12038:2002.
Test results obtained with earlier versions of ENV 12038 are still valid.
Compared to current EN 113, modifications are the following:
— A third part has been included.
— The three parts of the new EN 113 deal with similar testing but relate to a different scope.
— Change of the title;
— The methods for sterilization are updated;
— All annexes are informative, except Annex B on sterilization methods;
— Some additional validity requirements are introduced for control specimens;
— Number of test specimens per fungus doubled;
— Number of virulence control specimens increased from 6 to 10;
— Size control specimens deleted;
— Assessment of results changed.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document describes a laboratory test method in which small samples of the wood-based panel
product under test are exposed to attack by a range of wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi in pure
culture. The thickness of the test specimens varies, since it is dictated by the thickness of the wood-based
panel product under test. The effect of constituents giving temporary protection is avoided by testing
after pre-conditioning of the cut specimens in a freely ventilated environment. The test method also
includes a minimum moisture uptake requirement.
The procedures described in this document method are intended to be carried out by suitably trained
and/or supervised specialists. Appropriate safety precautions should be observed throughout the use of
this document.
1 Scope
This document describes a method for assessing the durability of wood-based panels or analogue wood
products to attack by wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi growing in pure culture.
The test method described in this document is intended to complement EN 113-2 with focus on specific
aspects of wood-based panels or analogue wood products. This document is not intended to determine
the effectiveness of wood preservatives used to prevent decay, which is covered by EN 113-1.
NOTE This method can be used in conjunction with an appropriate ageing procedure, for example EN 73 or
EN 84.
The method is applicable to uncoated, rigid wood-based panel products. It is applicable to the
determination of the decay resistance of wood-based panel products:
— made from naturally durable materials;
— made from materials treated with preservatives prior to manufacture;
— treated with a preservative which is introduced during manufacture, for example as an additive to
the adhesive;
— specific treatments to increase durability of wood-based panels, e.g. wood modification.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on sampling.
Annex B (normative) contains some methods of sterilization.
Annex C (informative) contains information on the culture vessels.
Annex D (informative) contains an example of a test report.
Annex E (informative) contains information on the test fungi.
Annex F (informative) contains the assessment of the results.
Annex G (informative) contains extra info on moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and impact of
dimensions.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 84, Durability of wood and wood-based products - Accelerated ageing of treated wood prior to biological
testing - Leaching procedure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
supplier
sponsor of the test, person or company providing the sample of wood/timber (wood-based panel) to be
tested
4 Principle
Specimens prepared from the wood-based panel product(s) under test, after pre-conditioning, and
control specimens of defined function are exposed to attack by pure cultures of wood-destroying
basidiomycete fungi.
After a prescribed period of incubation under defined conditions, the loss in dry mass of the specimens
is used as the criterion for determining the extent of attack.
5 Test material and apparatus
5.1 Biological material
5.1.1 Test fungi
5.1.1.1 General
The test fungi to be used are as follows and relate to corresponding virulence control specimens.
It is required that the reference timber virulence control specimens provide a median mass loss of at least
30 % with one of the test fungi.
5.1.1.2 Obligatory test fungi for all types of panel products
— Coniophora puteana (Schumacher ex Fries) Karsten (BAM Ebw. 15)
Loss in mass of Scots pine sapwood virulence control specimens in 16 weeks: minimum 20 % (m/m).
— Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin ex Fries) Kummer (FPRL 40C)
Loss in mass of beech virulence control specimens in 16 weeks: 20 % (m/m).
5.1.1.3 Species to be used compulsorily on the nature of the test product
For test products made only from softwood:
— Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon ex Fries) Murrill (BAM Ebw. 109)
Loss in mass of Scots pine sapwood virulence control specimens in 16 weeks: minimum 20 % (m/m).
For test products made only from hardwood:
— Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (CTB 863 A)
Loss in mass of beech virulence control specimens in 16 weeks: minimum 20 % (m/m).
For test products made from a mixture of softwood and hardwood, both Gloeophyllum trabeum and
Trametes versicolor shall be used.
5.1.1.4 Additional obligatory test fungus for modified wood
— Rhodonia placenta (Fr.) Niemelä, K.H. Larss. and Schigel (FPRL 280).
Loss in mass of Scots pine sapwood in 16 weeks: minimum 20 % (m/m).
5.1.1.5 Optional test fungi
For specific regional uses or conditions, it is also possible to choose other fungi on an optional basis .
5.1.1.6 Maintenance of fungal strains
The strains shall be maintained and treated (frequency of subculturing, alternation of culture media etc.)
in accordance with the instructions from their laboratory of origin (see Annex E). The parent strain shall
be maintained in the laboratory of its origin, so as to conserve and ensure its vigour.
If tests are not undertaken regularly, or if a strain shows signs of degeneration, a new standard culture of
the strain shall be obtained from the laboratory of origin for each test. When new strains are received,
the virulence shall be tested to ensure that the mass loss achieved is above the minimum value given in
Annex E.
5.1.2 Solid wood stock
5.1.2.1 Wood species
The following species shall be used for the test:
— Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.)
— European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
5.1.2.2 Quality of the wood
The wood shall be free from visible cracks, stain, decay, insect damage or other defects. The wood shall
not have been water-stored, floated, chemically treated or steamed.
NOTE Wood that has been kiln dried at temperatures not above 60 °C can be used.
The Scots pine shall be exclusively sapwood containing little resin and having between 2,5 and 8 annual
growth rings per 10 mm. The proportion of latewood in the annual rings shall not exceed 30 % of the
whole.
The beech shall be even grained, free from tyloses and discoloration. It shall have between 2 and 6 annual
growth rings per 10 mm.
1 Former name: Coriolus versicolor (Linnaeus) Quelet
See Annex E for a non-comprehensive list of recommended optional fungi.
5.1.2.3 Virulence control specimens
Prepare planed strips from the solid wood stock having a cross-section (25 ± 0,5) mm x (15 ± 0,5) mm.
The longitudinal faces shall be parallel to the direction of the grain. The annual rings shall not be parallel
to the faces (contact angle greater than 10°) but otherwise can run in any direction. Make transverse cuts,
neatly to give sharp edges and a fine-sawn finish to the end-grain surfaces, to give virulence control
specimens (50 ± 0,5) mm long.
The dimensions of each virulence control specimen at a moisture content of (12 ± 2) % shall be
(50 ± 0,5) mm × (25 ± 0,5) mm × (15 ± 0,5) mm.
The specimens shall originate from a minimum of three trees or shall be taken from a stock originally of
more than 500 specimens.
5.2 Products and reagents
5.2.1 Culture medium
The culture medium shall be a malt agar medium with the following composition:
— malt extract: in concentrated form: (50 ± 0,5) g; in powder form: (40 ± 0,5) g;
— agar causing no inhibition of growth of fungi: (20 ± 0,5) g to (30 ± 0,5) g;
— de-ionized water; quantity to make up to 1 000 g.
— preferably use water conforming to grade 3 of EN ISO 3696.
Place in each culture vessel (5.3.4) a sufficient quantity of the medium to provide a minimum depth of
3 mm to 4 mm when in its in-use position. Close the vessels as specified in 5.3.4 and sterilize in an
autoclave at 121 °C for 20 min. Let the vessels cool in their in-use position.
NOTE The quantity of culture medium required in each culture vessel varies with the thickness of the test
product (see 8.4).
5.2.2 Additive for white rot fungi
Anhydrated, laminar, aluminium-iron-magnesium silicate exfoliated to yield particles up to 3 mm
diameter. Particles less than 2 mm diameter shall be removed by sieving. Before use, mix the sample of
additive well. The additive shall be used only once.
This ‘vermiculite’ additive is always required in combination with the test fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.
This ‘vermiculite’ additive is also required for Trametes versicolor when thicker panels (> 20 mm) are
under test.
A moisture meter of the two pronged electrical conductivity type is suitable for assessing moisture content, but
oven drying is used commonly to assess moisture content.
Vermiculite is suitable.
5.3 Apparatus
5.3.1 Conditioning supports
Made of glass, stainless steel or any other inert material, that is to say with no risk of having any effect on
the test specimens. The supports shall provide free circulation of air around the test specimens whilst
having a minimum of contact with the test specimens.
5.3.2 Conditioning room
Well ventilated and controlled at (20 ± 2) °C and (65 ± 5) % relative humidity.
5.3.3 Culture chamber
Incubator or room, dark and controlled at (22 ± 2) °C and (70 ± 5) % relative humidity.
5.3.4 Culture vessels
Kolle flasks or equivalent vessels with a capacity of between 400 ml and 650 ml providing a flat surface
2 2
area of between 85 cm and 120 cm for the medium and close with a material that allows for air
exchange.
NOTE 1 Examples of suitable vessels are given in Annex C.
NOTE 2 Kolle flasks are usually plugged with a wad of cotton wool. Other culture vessels are usually fitted with
leakproof lids, the centres of which are pierced with a round hole of up to 15 mm diameter and plugged with a wad
of cotton wool.
5.3.5 Ventilated drying oven
Capable of being controlled at (103 ± 2) °C.
5.3.6 Desiccators
With an efficient desiccant, for example silica gel.
5.3.7 Test specimens supports
Made of glass, stainless steel or any other inert material, that is to say with no risk of having any effect on
the culture medium, the fungus, the wood, or of modifying itself. The supports are used to prevent direct
contact of the specimens with the culture medium, but shall not separate them from it by more than 3 mm.
If abnormally high moisture contents are experienced consistently, use of specimen supports of
approximately 5 mm thick may help to control the problem. If thicker specimen supports are used, this
should be recorded in the test report. Abnormally high moisture contents are those values of final
moisture content that are a mass fraction greater than 100 %.
5.3.8 Safety equipment and protective clothing
Appropriate for the test procedures, to ensure the safety of the operator.
5.3.9 Equipment for steam sterilization or access to a radiation source
See Annex B.
5.3.10 Ordinary laboratory equipment
Including a balance capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,01 g.
6 Test specimens
6.1 General
A minimum of three replicate panels of the wood-based panel product under test shall be sampled.
Ensure that the panels are clean and as free as possible of contaminants that might give misleading
results. More details on sampling can be found in Annex A.
Maximum thickness of panels that can be tested is 20 mm for brown rot fungi and 40 mm for white rot
fungi (see Annex G).
6.2 Test specimen preparation
Reject from each of the three panels of the test product a strip 300 mm wide from each of the edges. Cut
test specimens (50 ± 0,5) mm x (50 ± 0,5) mm x thickness from the remaining central portion of each
panel and mark to retain the identity of the panel. Reject any test specimens that show defects such as
gaps, knot voids, veneer rupture or discontinuous adhesion.
Other test specimens, for example for the determination of the wood preservative content, should also be
cut from the central portion of each panel.
Where small experimental panels of the test product are being used, it is necessary to reject a strip only
50 mm wide from each of the edges. This should be noted in the test report.
7 Numbers of test specimens
7.1 Test product specimens
7.1.1 Test specimens
Four test specimens from each of a minimum of three panels or three production lots of the test product
shall be exposed to each test fungus. Minimum number of replicates tested is 12. For cement-bonded
particleboards, additional specimens are required to test the alkalinity after curing with carbon dioxide
(see 8.1).
7.1.2 Moisture content check specimens
Two test specimens from each panel of the test product used to provide test specimens shall be used as
moisture content check specimens. They are required for the calculation of the initial dry masses of the
test specimens.
7.1.3 Wetting check specimens
Some types of dense panel products (often with a density of over 1 000 kg/m ), for example cement-
bonded particleboards, or products containing water repellent additives, can fail to attain the required
moisture content. If this occurs, then the wetting check specimens should be used.
If necessary, two test specimens from each panel of the test product used to provide test specimens shall
be used as wetting check specimens (see 8.8.3). They are used to assess the wetting of the test specimens
under test conditions.
7.2 Virulence control specimens
Ten Scots pine virulence control specimens (5.1.2.3) shall be exposed to each test fungus causing decay
of the brown rot type and ten beech virulence control specimens shall be exposed to each test fungus
causing decay of the white rot type.
If Lentinus cyathiformis is selected as an optional test fungus (see Annex E), beech virulence control
specimens and size control specimens (if relevant) should be used.
NOTE To check the role of panel thickness size control specimens can be included (see Annex G).
8 Procedure
8.1 Pre-conditioning
If the test is being carried out in conjunction with an ageing procedure, such as EN 73 or EN 84, the ageing
procedure replaces the pre-conditioning specified in this subclause. Details of the procedure used shall
be included in the test report.
For products being tested without ageing (except cement-bonded particleboards), place the test
specimens (7.1.1), the moisture content check specimens (7.1.2) and the wetting check specimens (7.1.3)
on one of their cut edges on conditioning supports (5.3.1) with a minimum of 10 mm between specimens
and allow to ventilate for a minimum of 12 weeks at ambient temperature and under well ventilated
conditions. Rotate the specimens onto another cut edge at regular intervals so that the specimens stand
for approximately three weeks on each edge.
NOTE 1 The pre-conditioning procedure is carried out prior to establishing the initial mass of the test specimens
to avoid having to make an allowance for changes in mass due to pre-conditioning.
NOTE 2 The ventilated storage is carried out to allow constituents of the test product that can give temporary
protection against attack by fungi to be lost from the test specimens. An open bench in a laboratory is normally
suitable for the procedure.
For cement-bonded particleboards, ensure that the test specimens are fully hardened before use. Pre-
condition the test specimens and some additional specimens by curing using carbon dioxide for a period
of four weeks.
NOTE 3 A suitable method for curing with carbon dioxide is specified in EN 12404.
For some products, difficulties could be encountered reaching a high enough moisture content to allow
the development of test fungi within the test period. To simulate long term moistening extra pre-
conditioning can be useful. This also avoids problems with validation due to limited moisture content
(see 8.8.3, 7.1.3). Alternative ageing or pre-conditioning procedures than EN84 can be used as outlined
mentoned under G.3.
After the pre-conditioning procedure, the specimens are placed in a condition room (5.3.2) for 4 weeks.
8.2 Initial dry mass
8.2.1 Test product specimens
Following pre-conditioning (8.1), transfer the test specimens (7.1.1), the moisture content check
specimens (7.1.2) and the wetting check specimens (7.1.3) on their conditioning supports to the
conditioning room (5.3.2). Rotate the specimens through 180 ° weekly onto another cut edge. After a
period of at least 4 weeks or when the specimens have achieved constant mass, that is when weighings
at 24 h intervals are within ± 0,05 g, weigh each test specimen, moisture content check specimen and
wetting check specimen to the nearest 0,01g to determine the initial conditioned mass (m ).
Place the moisture content check specimens in the oven (5.3.5) at (103 ± 2) °C for 16 h to 24 h. Cool the
specimens to room temperature in desiccators (5.3.6) and weigh each specimen to the nearest 0,01 g to
determine the oven dry mass (m ).
Calculate the initial moisture factor (F ) for each moisture content check specimen using the following
i
formula:
mm−
F 1− (1)
i
m
=
where
m is the initial conditioned mass, and;
m is the oven dry mass.
Calculate the mean value (F ) for each set of check specimens and use this value to calculate the oven
im
dry mass (m ) of the equivalent set of test specimens and, if necessary wetting check specimens, using
the following formula:
F × mm= (2)
im 10
8.2.2 Virulence control specimens
Place the virulence control specimens (5.1.2.3) in the oven (5.3.5) at (103 ± 2) °C for 16 h to 24 h. Cool
the specimens to room temperature in desiccators (5.3.6) and weigh each specimen to the nearest 0,01g
to determine the initial dry mass (m ).
8.3 Sterilization of test specimens
Sterilize the test specimens (7.1.1) and the virulence control specimens (7.2) using one of the methods
given in Annex B.
For products requiring additional preconditioning to increase moisture content (Annex G) this shall be
undertaken prior to sterilization.
8.4 Preparation of the culture vessels
Dispense 60 ml of the culture medium (5.2.1) into each culture vessel for use with test specimens up to
15 mm thick; use an additional 10 ml of culture medium for each additional 5 mm of thickness or part of
5 mm (for example for 18 mm thick specimens use 70 ml and for 30 mm thick specimens use 90 ml).
Close the vessels as specified in 5.3.4 and sterilize in the autoclave at 121 °C for 20 min. Allow the vessels
to cool in their in-use position.
8.5 Inoculation
Inoculate the culture medium not more than seven days after sterilization. Aseptically transfer two
inocula, of minimum size 6 mm diameter, from the appropriate test fungus onto the test medium surface
in each test vessel placing the inocula at opposite sides of the vessel and close to the vessel wall. Obtain
the inocula from cultures which are still actively growing across the growth medium or which have
covered it for less than one week.
NOTE This procedure ensures that the test specimens do not come into direct contact with the inocula when
they are introduced into the test vessels.
Incubate the inoculated culture vessels in the culture chamber (5.3.3) until the test fungi have covered
the surface of the culture medium; in no case shall this period exceed four weeks. The fungi shall be free
from contamination by other organisms.
8.6 Exposure of test specimens
8.6.1 Preparation of additive for white rot fungi
Estimate the amount of additive required to surround the test specimens and to give a depth of
approximately 10 mm above the top surface of the specimens in all test assemblies with the test fungus
Pleurotus ostreatus and those with Trametes versicolor when specimen thickness exceeds 20mm.
When carried out in the culture vessels illustrated in Annex C, and using a test product 15 mm thick,
approximately 220 ml per test assembly is recommended.
Soak the estimated volume of additive required in water for 1 h to 2 h then allow to drain freely for 2 h
to 4 h. Place in containers and sterilize in the autoclave at 121 °C for 30 min. Allow to cool.
8.6.2 Test specimens
Under aseptic conditions, introduce one previously sterilized test specimen support (5.3.7) into each
culture vessel. Place a sterilized test specimen (7.1.1) centrally on the support, ensuring that it does not
come into direct contact with the original inocula. Cover all specimens exposed to the test fungi Pleurotus
ostreatus (always) and Trametes versicolor (only when panels are > 20 mm thick) with sterile additive
(see 8.6.1) to a depth of approximately 10 mm above the top surface of the specimens.
8.6.3 Virulence control specimens
Under aseptic condition, introduce one or two previously sterilized test specimen supports (see 5.3.7)
into each culture vessel. Place two sterilized virulence control specimens on the support(s), ensuring that
the specimens are separated from one another by at least 5 mm. Cover all specimens exposed to the test
fungus Pleurotus ostreatus with sterile additive (see 8.6.1) to a depth of 10 mm above the top surface of
the specimens.
8.6.4 Wetting check specimens
Wrap any wetting check specimens in polyethylene and store in the conditioning room (5.3.2) until the
test is assessed.
8.7 Culture conditions and duration of the test
Return the completed test assemblies to the culture chamber (5.3.3) for 16 weeks.
8.8 Assessment of the test
8.8.1 Examination of the test specimens
At the end of the incubation period, withdraw the test specimens (7.1.1) and the virulence control
specimens (5.1.2.3) from the culture vessels. Note the extent of overgrowth of each specimen by the test
fungi and record evidence of waterlogging or of inhibition of growth of the test fungus caused by volatile
components or contaminating organisms. Carefully remove any adhering mycelium, weigh each
specimen to the nearest 0,01g to determine the wet mass (m ). Note any obvious stratification of the
attack of the test product, for inclusion in the test report.
8.8.2 Final dry mass
Place the test specimens (7.1.1) and the virulence control specimens (5.1.2.3) in the oven (5.3.5) at
(103 ± 2) °C until the specimens have reached constant mass, that is when weighings carried out at
minimum intervals of 4 h are within ± 0,05 g. Cool the specimens to room temperature in desiccators
(5.3.6) and weigh each specimen to the nearest 0,01g to determine the final dry mass (m ).
Calculate the final moisture content of each specimen by expressing its water content (m - m ) as a
2 3
percentage of the final dry mass (m ).
Calculate the loss in mass of each specimen by expressing the loss in mass (m - m ) as a percentage of
0 3
the initial oven dry mass (m ). Calculate the median loss in mass for the test product specimens exposed
to each test fungus. Calculate the mean loss in mass of virulence control specimens exposed to each test
fungus.
NOTE When a major part (usually over 50 %) of the test product is not degradable by wood rotting fungi (e.g.
glue, polymer matrix…) it can be relevant to calculate mass loss as a fraction of the lignocellulosic fraction.
8.8.3 Validity of results
Reject any specimen on which there has been growth by contaminating moulds.
Reject the results from any test specimen having a moisture content of less than 25 % relative to the wood
part except for those specimens of a particularly dense or containing water repellent additives (see 7.1.3).
In these latter cases, the wetting check specimens shall be used to determine the validity of the test, by
the following method.
Impregnate the wetting check specimens, using the method specified in EN 84, soak overnight and blot
lightly on absorbent paper. Weigh each specimen to the nearest 0,01g, to determine the saturated mass
(m ). Place the specimens in the oven (5.3.5) at (103 ± 2) °C until they have reached constant mass, that
is when weighings carried out at minimum intervals of 4 h are within ± 0,05 g. Cool the specimens to
room temperature in desiccators (5.3.6) and weigh each specimen to the nearest 0,01g to determine the
dry mass (m ). Calculate the saturation moisture content of each specimen by expressing the water
content (m - m ) as a percentage of the dry mass (m ). Calculate the mean value. If the mean saturation
1 2 2
moisture content so determined is less than a mass fraction of 75 %, reject only those test specimens
having a moisture content less than one quarter of the determined value.
The data from any set of replicates are valid provided that the results from at least six test specimens
have been accepted.
9 Validity of the test
The results shall be accepted as valid provided that the virulence control specimens (5.1.2.3) show mass
loss of more than the minimum value given in 5.1.1 or Annex E for the fungus in question. A mean and
median mass loss of at least 30 % must be reached with one of the test fungi.
10 Assessment of results
Determine the mean and median value for the losses in mass of the wood test sp
...