prEN 1022

Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability

This document specifies test methods and requirements for the determination of the stability of all types of seating for adults weighing up to 110 kg, without regard to use, materials, design/construction or manufacturing process.
The test methods described can be used for seating for children and heavier adults by modifying test loads and loading points.
This document does not apply to children’s highchairs, table mounted chairs and bath seats which are covered by other European Standards.
This standard contains two Annexes:
Annex A (normative) – Seat loading pad data
Annex B (normative) – Test parameters

Möbel - Sitzmöbel - Bestimmung der Standsicherheit

Mobilier - Sièges - Détermination de la stabilité

Pohištvo - Sedežno pohištvo - Ugotavljanje stabilnosti

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 26-May-2024
• ICS: 97.140 - Furniture
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 207 - Furniture
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 207/WG 9 - Test methods
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Start Date: 25-May-2023
• Due Date: 28-Aug-2022
• Completion Date: 25-May-2023
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 1022:2022 - Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability

Relations

• Revises: EN 1022:2018 - Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1022:2022
01-marec-2022
Pohištvo - Sedežno pohištvo - Ugotavljanje stabilnosti
Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability
Möbel - Sitzmöbel - Bestimmung der Standsicherheit
Mobilier - Sièges - Détermination de la stabilité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1022
ICS:
97.140 Pohištvo Furniture
oSIST prEN 1022:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1022
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2022
ICS 97.140 Will supersede EN 1022:2018
English Version
Furniture - Seating - Determination of stability

Mobilier - Sièges - Détermination de la stabilité Möbel - Sitzmöbel - Bestimmung der Standsicherheit

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 207.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1022:2022 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ............................................................................................................................................. 4

1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................... 5

4 General test conditions ....................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Application of forces ............................................................................................................................ 8

4.3 Tolerances ............................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Test equipment ...................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Loading point template ....................................................................................................................... 9

5.3 Floor .........................................................................................................................................................12

5.4 Stops .........................................................................................................................................................12

5.5 Stability loading pad ..........................................................................................................................12

5.6 Stability loading device .....................................................................................................................14

5.7 Loading discs.........................................................................................................................................15

5.8 Support apparatus ..............................................................................................................................15

5.9 Support for tests for reclining back rests ...................................................................................15

5.10 Local loading pad ................................................................................................................................15

5.11 Seat loading pad ...................................................................................................................................15

6 Determination of seat and back loading points .......................................................................16

6.1 Single column seats ............................................................................................................................16

6.1.1 Seat loading point “A” ........................................................................................................................16

6.1.2 Back loading point “B” .......................................................................................................................17

6.2 All other seating ...................................................................................................................................17

6.2.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................17

6.2.2 Seating with a back rest ....................................................................................................................17

6.2.3 Seating without a back rest .............................................................................................................17

6.3 Loungers .................................................................................................................................................19

6.4 Determination of height of seat loading point ..........................................................................19

7 Test methods for assessing stability of all seating except loungers .................................20

7.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................20

7.2 Requirements .......................................................................................................................................20

7.3 Test procedures, all seating ............................................................................................................20

7.3.1 Forwards overturning .......................................................................................................................20

7.3.2 Forwards overturning for seating with foot rest .....................................................................23

7.3.3 Corner stability test ............................................................................................................................23

7.3.4 Sideways overturning, all seating without arm rests ............................................................25

7.3.5 Sideways overturning, all other seating .....................................................................................26

7.3.6 Rearwards overturning all seating with back rests ...............................................................29

7.4 Additional test procedures for seating with reclining back rests .....................................30

7.4.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................30

7.4.2 Tilting seating .......................................................................................................................................31

7.4.3 Reclining seating with leg rest .......................................................................................................32

7.4.4 Reclining seating without leg rest .................................................................................................34

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7.4.5 Rearwards stability test for rocking chairs ............................................................................... 35

8 Loungers ................................................................................................................................................ 36

8.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 36

8.2 Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... 36

8.3 Test procedures .................................................................................................................................. 36

8.3.1 Forwards overturning....................................................................................................................... 36

8.3.2 Sideways overturning ....................................................................................................................... 37

8.3.3 Rearwards stability – Upright position ....................................................................................... 38

8.3.4 Rearwards stability – Reclined position .................................................................................... 38

9 Test report ............................................................................................................................................ 38

Annex A (normative) Seat loading pad data ........................................................................................... 39

Annex B (normative) Test parameters .................................................................................................... 42

B.1 All seating other than loungers ..................................................................................................... 42

B.2 Loungers ................................................................................................................................................ 43

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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
European foreword

This document (prEN 1022:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 207 “Furniture”,

the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1022:2018.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:

— The scope has been amended to specifically exclude products that require the user to actively affect

stability.
— The definition of arm rest has been improved.

— The standard has been aligned with other standards to refer to single column seating, rather than

swivelling seating.
— A modified seat loading template has been introduced.

— The sideways stability test for seating with raised side edges has been improved.

— Rearwards stability tests for loungers have been introduced.

— Requirements for single column seating with reclining backrests and foot/leg rests added.

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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
1 Scope

This document specifies test methods and requirements for the determination of the stability of all types

of seating for adults weighing up to 110 kg, without regard to use, materials, design/construction or

manufacturing process.

The test methods described can be used for seating for children and heavier adults by modifying test

loads and loading points.

This document does not apply to seating for sitting, perching or leaning that requires an action from the

user in order to keep the body posture in a stable position.

This document does not apply to children’s highchairs, table mounted chairs and bath seats which are

covered by other European Standards.
This standard contains two annexes:
Annex A (normative) – Seat loading pad data
Annex B (normative) – Test parameters
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
arm rest

part of the seating able to support the arms of the user when seated, with a height above the seat loading

point of at least 100 mm, but not greater at any point in the horizontal plane than 400 mm above the seat

loading point, extending horizontally forward at least 175 mm from the back loading point

3.2
back rest

element that supports the back of the user higher than 100 mm above the height of the seat loading point

3.3
foot rest

part intended to support the feet of the user which assists the user getting on or off an item of seating

Note 1 to entry: A foot rest can or cannot be permanently attached to the structure of the item of seating.

3.4
leg rest
extension of the seat area intended to support the legs of the user

Note 1 to entry: A leg rest can or cannot be permanently attached to the structure of the item of seating, and may

not be suitable for use as an item of seating itself.
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3.5
load bearing structure

load bearing parts of the item of seating such as the frame, seat, back and arm supports and suspension

3.6
lounger

item of seating intended for reclined posture with at least one back rest position such that back rest angle

is 45 degrees or less to the horizontal, and a leg rest which is an integral part of the product and intended

to support the full body weight of a user
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Key
θ back rest angle
Figure 1 — Example of Lounger
3.7
median plane

vertical plane running from front to rear through the centre of the seat, dividing the item of seating into

two parts
Note 1 to entry: In most instances the two parts are symmetrical.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.8
overturning

when an item of seating pivots to a position beyond which the item continues to fall

3.9
raised side edge

side edge of the item of seating, higher than 50 mm above the height of the seat loading point

3.10
stability
ability to withstand forces that tend to cause the loaded seating to overturn
3.11
supporting point
foot of a leg, castor or glide
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
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3.12
single column seat

item of seating, whose upper part, which includes the seat, is mounted on a single support with a diameter

of up to 120 mm at its narrowest point
3.13
transverse plane

vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane passing through the seat loading point

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Key
1 transverse plane
2 median plane
A seat loading point
Figure 2 — Transverse and median plane
3.14
work chair

swivelling chair, with or without arm rests, for use by one adult in the office, whose upper part, which

includes the seat and back is supported on a single column and can rotate in the horizontal plane and is

at least adjustable in height
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
4 General test conditions
4.1 General

The furniture shall be tested as delivered. Knock-down furniture shall be assembled according to the

instructions supplied with it. Knock-down fittings shall be tightened before testing.

If the furniture can be assembled or combined in different ways, the most adverse configuration shall be

used for each test.

Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the sample for test shall be stored in indoor ambient

conditions for at least 24 h immediately prior to testing.

The tests shall be carried out at indoor ambient conditions but if during a test the temperature is outside

the range 15 °C to 25 °C the maximum and/or minimum temperature shall be recorded in the test report.

4.2 Application of forces

The test forces shall be applied sufficiently slowly to ensure that negligible dynamic load is applied.

Unless otherwise stated, overturning forces shall be maintained for (5 ± 2) s.

For rearwards stability tests defined in 7.4.2, 7.4.3, and 7.4.4, the loading discs shall be maintained in

position for (120 ± 60) s.

The forces may be replaced by masses. The relationship 10 N = 1 kg shall be used.

The weight of the loading pad and any associated equipment shall be considered when applying the test

load.
4.3 Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated the following tolerances are applicable:
— forces: ± 5 % of the nominal force;
— masses: ± 1 % of the nominal mass;

— dimensions: all dimensions less than 300 mm shall have a tolerance of ± 1 mm of the nominal

dimension, all other dimensions shall have a tolerance of ± 0,5 % of the nominal dimension;

— angles: ± 2° of the nominal angle.
The accuracy for the positioning of loading pads shall be ± 5 mm.

NOTE For the purposes of uncertainty measurement, test results are not considered to be adversely affected

when the above tolerances are met.
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
5 Test equipment
5.1 General

The equipment shall not inhibit deformation nor cause unnatural deformation of the unit/component, i.e.

it shall be able to move so that it can follow the deformation of the unit/component during testing.

All loading pads shall be capable of pivoting in relation to the direction of the applied force. The pivot

point shall be as close as practically possible to the load surface.

If a loading pad tends to slide use a slip resistant material between the loading device and the item of

seating.

Unless otherwise specified, the tests may be applied by any suitable device because results are dependent

only upon correctly applied forces and not upon the apparatus.
5.2 Loading point template

Consisting of two shaped members (see Figure 3) fastened together by a pivot at one end. The contours

of the shaped surfaces are so devised as to sink into the upholstery. A semi-circular section is fitted to the

seat portion, such that the arc of the semi-circular section is in line with the back template when set to

90° (see Figure 4). For this purpose the loading point template, with an additional mass applied at the

20 kg
seat loading point, shall be .
The apparatus is marked as shown in Figure 5.
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Scale: 1 square = 20 mm
Key
1 top 6 seat portion
2 rear 7 front
3 back portion 8 bottom
4 seat load A seat loading point (all seating except stools)
5 back load B back loading point (all seating except stools)
Figure 3 — Loading surface curves for seat and back loading point template
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 4 — Semi-circular section
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 typical section
2 mark to fix 90°
3 straight edge for the determination of seat or back inclination
4 semi circular section
A seat loading point (all seating except stools)
B back loading point (all seating except stools)
C seat loading point (stools)
Figure 5 — Loading point template

So that the template can be positioned easily with the two members at 90° to each other, a line is drawn

on the back portion.
5.3 Floor
Horizontal, flat and rigid with a smooth surface.
5.4 Stops

Unless otherwise stated, stops shall be of the minimum height required to prevent sliding and shall not

inhibit overturning.
5.5 Stability loading pad

A loading pad as shown in Figure 6. The circular pad may be made of any suitable material (e.g. plastic or

wood). The extension piece shall be made of aluminium. Where it is not possible to use the pad with

extension piece, a stability loading pad without the extension piece may be used.

NOTE The mass of the stability loading pad is not defined, but can be considered during force applications.

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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key

a grip material on a 300 mm R surface, recessed into a groove so that only the gripper teeth protrude.

The carpet gripper placement shown is one example, other configurations are acceptable

Figure 6 — Stability loading pad
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
5.6 Stability loading device
A loading device in principle functioning as shown in Figure 7.
Key
a hold down strap
b centre line of seat
c for details see Figure 5
d for details see Figure 7
Figure 7 — Stability loading device – principle
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 sufficient to clear all foam and fabric and allow for set back
2 height of loading point F horizontal outwards
3 centre line/centre of gravity of weight
4 rod with spherical tip
5 load
X enlarged detail of rod with spherical tip
Figure 8 — Example of front and side stability loading fixture
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
5.7 Loading discs

Discs with a mass of 10 kg each, with a diameter of 350 mm and a thickness of 48 mm. The centre of

gravity shall be the centre of the disc. The surface friction of the disc (disc to disc) shall be such that the

force to initiate movement shall be 31 N ± 9 N.
5.8 Support apparatus

An apparatus to support the main stack of the loading discs in reclining seating tests. It shall be as light

as possible and not heavier than 2,5 kg. Figure 9 shows a basic design.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 height adjustable support bars
2 pivot point
Figure 9 — Support apparatus
5.9 Support for tests for reclining back rests

Polypropylene sheet 1,5 mm ± 0,15 mm thick, 360 mm ± 10 mm wide and 700 mm ± 15 mm high.

5.10 Local loading pad

Rigid cylindrical object 100 mm in diameter, with a flat face and a 12 mm edge radius.

5.11 Seat loading pad

Naturalistically shaped rigid indenter with a hard, smooth surface having overall dimensions within the

limits shown in Figure 10.
For details of design see Annex A.
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 seat loading point
Figure 10 — Seat loading pad – Overall dimensions
6 Determination of seat and back loading points
6.1 Single column seats
6.1.1 Seat loading point “A”

The point in which the swivelling seat's axis of rotation intersects with the seat surface with the seat in a

position as close as possible to the horizontal.
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
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6.1.2 Back loading point “B”

The point on the centre line of the back rest, 300 mm above loading point “A” (6.1.1) measured when the

seat is loaded with 640 N through the seat loading pad (5.11).
6.2 All other seating
6.2.1 General

The seat and back loading points shall be determined using the template as specified in 5.2 in the manner

specified in 6.2.2 or 6.2.3.

In some cases it may not be possible to determine the loading points by means of the template.

In such cases the seat loading point (A) shall be 175 mm forward of the seat/back junction, or at the point

closest to this that allows the seat load to be applied. The back loading point (B) shall be a point 300 mm

upward from the seat/back junction.

Where the geometry of the back rest does not allow the back force to be applied at the point defined by

the above method the force shall be applied at the nearest point (up or down the back) and the bending

moment (back force, N x floor to back loading point distance, m) shall remain constant.

If the number of seats in the item is not obvious, divide the total seat length (in mm) by 600 mm and

round to the nearest whole number to determine the number of seats. Divide the total seat length into

seats of equal length.
6.2.2 Seating with a back rest

For seating with adjustable back rests, set the back rest to its most upright position.

Adjust the template such that the angle between the seat and back portions is 90°.

For upholstered and flexible seating position the loaded template (5.2) on the centre line of the seat as

far towards the rear as possible, without applying force to the back rest. Adjust the position of the

template by pushing the back loading portion into the back of the seating so that it is in contact with the

back rest, allowing the shape of the seat portion of the template to correlate with that of the seat (see

Figure 11a).

For rigid seating position the unloaded template (5.2) on the centre line of the seat as far towards the

rear as possible without applying force to the back rest. Adjust the position of the template by pushing

the back loading portion into the back so that it is in contact with the back rest and apply the specified

load to the template. Where possible ensure that point A on the template is in contact with the seating

surface (see Figure 11b). Where this is not possible ensure the top of the horizontal part of the seat

loading template is as close to horizontal as possible. In cases where the template can be settled in more

than one position, the position having the smallest angle between the seat and back portions of the

template shall be used. The angle shall in no cases be less than 90°.Mark the required seat loading point

(A), and back loading point (B) from the template. If relevant repeat the procedures on the other seat(s).

Where the geometry of the back rest does not allow the back force to be applied at the point defined by

the above method the force shall be applied at the nearest point (up or down the back) and the bending

moment (back force, N x floor to back loading point distance, m) shall remain constant.

6.2.3 Seating without a back rest

Set up the template (5.2) at 90° as shown in Figure 4. Place it on each seating position as shown in

Figure 11c). Mark the seat loading point (A) with the aid of the mark C from the template.

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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
a) Upholstered/flexible seating with a back
b) Rigid seating with a back
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
c) Seating without a back/stools
Key
1 back of stool
A seat loading point – seating with back rests
B back loading point
C seat loading point – seating without back rests
Figure 11 — Determination of seat and back loading point
6.3 Loungers

Seat and back loading points shall be determined using the procedure defined in 6.2.

6.4 Determination of height of seat loading point

Place the seat loading pad (5.11) on the seat loading point (A), or as close to the point as possible, and

apply a force of 600 N. The height of the seat loading point is the distance from the floor to the seating

surface at the seat loading point (A).
NOTE The mass of the loading pad can be considered when applying the force.
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oSIST prEN 1022:2022
prEN 1022:2022 (E)
7 Test methods for assessing stability of all seating except loungers
7.1 General

The stability tests defined in Clause 7 are not applicable to seating which has both the height of the seat

loading point (6.4) < 200 mm and a mass < 5 kg.

Position the seating on the floor (5.3) with its components as specified in Table 1.

Table 1 — Positioning of seating components

Clause Test Seat Seat Back rest Back rest Tilt Castors Arm rest Foot rest Leg rest

height in height position stiffness and base
adjustme
7.3.1 Forwards overturning highest foremost highest most maximum most likel
...