prEN ISO 18278-1

Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)

Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)

Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages des matériaux métalliques (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)

Uporovno varjenje - Varivost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve za vrednotenje varivosti pri uporovnem točkovnem, kolutnem in bradavičnem varjenju kovinskih materialov (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 25.160.01 - Welding, brazing and soldering in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 121 - Welding
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 121/SC 4 - Quality management in the field of welding
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Due Date: 12-Jan-2022
• Completion Date: 12-Jan-2022
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021 - Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)

RELATIONS

• Revised: EN ISO 18278-1:2015 - Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials (ISO 18278-1:2015)
• Effective Date: 16-Dec-2020

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
01-junij-2021

Uporovno varjenje - Varivost - 1. del: Splošne zahteve za vrednotenje varivosti pri

uporovnem točkovnem, kolutnem in bradavičnem varjenju kovinskih materialov
(ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)

Resistance welding - Weldability - Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of

weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic materials

(ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)
Widerstandsschweißen - Schweißeignung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen an die
Bewertung der Schweißeignung von Widerstandspunkt-, Rollennaht- und
Buckelschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)

Soudage par résistance - Soudabilité - Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation

de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points, à la molette et par bossages

des matériaux métalliques (ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 18278-1 rev
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 18278-1
ISO/TC 44/SC 6 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-05-03 2021-07-26
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials
Soudage par résistance — Soudabilité —

Partie 1: Exigences générales pour l'évaluation de la soudabilité pour le soudage par résistance par points,

à la molette et par bossages des matériaux métalliques
ICS: 25.160.01
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
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USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
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ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Weldability .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.1 Weldability of a component ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.1.2 Metallurgical weldability .......................................................................................................................................... 5

4.1.3 Operative weldability ................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.1.4 Constructional weldability ...................................................................................................................................... 5

4.2 Criteria for the evaluation of weldability ......................................................................................................................... 6

5 Preparation of welding equipment ................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.1 Welding machine ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.2 Welding electrodes .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.2.2 Spot welding ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

5.2.3 Seam welding ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2.4 Projection welding ......................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.3 Measurement of parameters ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.3.1 Welding current ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

5.3.2 Electrode force ................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6 Test procedures ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.2 Basic test procedures ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8

6.2.1 Essential variables .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.2.2 Welding current range test ..................................................................................................................................... 8

6.2.3 Electrode life test ............................................................................................................................................................. 9

6.2.4 Weldability lobe test ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

6.3 E valuation of weld properties .................................................................................................................................................11

6.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................11

6.3.2 Shop floor tests ...............................................................................................................................................................11

6.3.3 Tensile shear testing ..................................................................................................................................................11

6.3.4 Mechanized peel testing .........................................................................................................................................11

6.3.5 Cross tension testing .................................................................................................................................................12

6.3.6 Macro-sections and hardness test .................................................................................................................12

6.3.7 Further weld properties .........................................................................................................................................12

7 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................12

7.2 Welding current range test ........................................................................................................................................................12

7.3 Electrode life test ...............................................................................................................................................................................13

7.4 Weldability lobe test ........................................................................................................................................................................13

Annex A (informative) How to evaluate the mass and friction of the welding head ........................................14

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................15

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity

assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary Information.

The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee

SC 6, Resistance welding and allied mechanical joining.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18278-1:2004), which has been

technically revised.

ISO 18278 consists of the following parts, under the general title Resistance welding — Weldability:

— Part 1: General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection

welding of metallic materials
— Part 2: Evaluation procedures for weldability in spot welding
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
Resistance welding — Weldability —
Part 1:
General requirements for the evaluation of weldability for
resistance spot, seam and projection welding of metallic
materials
1 Scope

This part of ISO 18278 specifies procedures for assessing the generic weldability for resistance welding

of uncoated and coated metals.

It is assumed for this and other linked standards that their application is entrusted to appropriately

trained, skilled, and experienced personnel.

For the quality of welded structures, the relevant part of ISO 14554 is applicable. The specification of

procedures is to follow guidelines as in ISO 15609-5.
The purpose of the tests are to
a) compare the metallurgical weldability of different metals,

b) assess the weldability of differing component designs, e.g. dimensional configuration, stack-up,

projection geometry, etc.,

c) investigate the effect of changes in welding parameters such as welding current, weld time,

electrode force or complex welding schedules including pulse welding, current stepping etc. on

weldability, and/or
d) compare the performance of resistance welding equipment.

Precise details of the test procedure to be used will depend on which aspect of items a) to d) will be

evaluated relative to the welding result obtained.
2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 669, Resistance welding — Resistance welding equipment — Mechanical and electrical requirements

ISO 693, Dimensions of seam welding wheel blanks
ISO 5182, Resistance welding — Materials for electrodes and ancillary equipment
ISO 5821, Resistance welding — Spot welding electrode caps
ISO 8167, Projections for resistance welding

ISO 10447, Resistance welding — Testing of welds — Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and

projection welds
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
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ISO 14270, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for

mechanized peel testing resistance spot, seam and embossed projection welds

ISO 14271, Resistance welding — Vickers hardness testing (low-force and microhardness) of resistance

spot, projection, and seam welds

ISO 14272, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for

cross tension testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds

ISO 14273, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for

tensile shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welds

ISO 14323, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Specimen dimensions and procedure for

impact tensile shear test and cross-tension testing of resistance spot and embossed projection welds

ISO 14324, Resistance spot welding — Destructive tests of welds — Method for the fatigue testing of spot

welded joints

ISO 15609-5, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding

procedure specification — Part 5: Resistance welding

ISO 15614-12, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding

procedure test — Part 12: Spot, seam and projection welding

ISO 15614-13, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding

procedure test — Part 13: Upset (resistance butt) and flash welding

ISO 16432, Resistance welding — Procedure for projection welding of uncoated and coated low carbon

steels using embossed projection(s)

ISO 17653, Resistance welding — Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Torsion test of

resistance spot welds

ISO 17654, Resistance welding — Destructive tests of welds — Pressure test of resistance seam welds

ISO 17657-2, Resistance welding — Welding current measurement for resistance welding — Part 2: Welding

current meter with current sensing coil

ISO 17677-1, Resistance welding — Vocabulary — Part 1: Spot, projection and seam welding

ISO 18592, Resistance welding — Destructive testing of welds — Method for the fatigue testing of multi-

spot-welded specimens
ISO/TR 581:2005, Weldability — Metallic materials — General principles
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17677-1, ISO 669,

ISO/TR 581:2005, and the following apply.
3.1
weldability

capacity of the component to be welded under the imposed fabrication conditions

into a specific suitability designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service

3.2
welding current range

welding current domain allowing the production of spot welds without expulsion and of a diameter

equal or more than a pre-determined value under constant machine settings
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
ISO/DIS 18278-1:2021(E)
3.3
weldability lobe

welding current domain allowing the production without splash of spot welds of a diameter equal or

more than a pre-determined value, using varied values of either welding time or electrode forceIn the

case of resistance seam welding, welding speed (m/min) is used instead of weld timeTo meet these

requirements, the weldability lobes can be a two dimensional plot (see Figure 1) or a three dimensional

plot indicating the inter relationship between weld time (welding speed in the case of seam welding),

welding current and electrode force
Key
t Weld time
I Weld current
1 Smaller than 3,5√ t (fusion defect, stuck weld)
2 3,5√ t
3 5√ t
4 Expulsion
a) Spot welding — Constant force
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oSIST prEN ISO 18278-1:2021
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Key
f Elec
...