EN 1434-4:2022
(Main)Thermal energy meters - Part 4: Pattern approval tests
Thermal energy meters - Part 4: Pattern approval tests
This document specifies pattern approval tests for thermal energy meters. Thermal energy meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The thermal energy meter indicates the quantity of thermal energy in legal units.
This document covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited.
This document is not applicable to:
- electrical safety requirements;
- pressure safety requirements; and
- surface mounted temperature sensors.
Thermische Energiemessgeräte - Teil 4: Prüfungen für die Bauartzulassung
Dieses Dokument legt Prüfungen zur Bauartzulassung für thermische Energiemessgeräte fest. Thermische Energiemessgeräte sind Messgeräte, die dazu bestimmt sind, die Energie zu messen, die in einem Wärmetauschkreislauf von einer als Wärmeträgerflüssigkeit bezeichneten Flüssigkeit aufgenommen (Kühlung) oder abgegeben (Heizung) wird. Das thermische Energiemessgerät zeigt die Menge der thermischen Energie in gesetzlichen Einheiten an.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nur Messgeräte für geschlossene Systeme, bei denen der Differenzdruck über die thermische Last begrenzt ist.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar für:
— Anforderungen an die elektrische Sicherheit;
— Anforderungen an die Drucksicherheit;
— oberflächenmontierte Temperaturfühler.
Compteurs d'énergie thermique - Partie 4 : Essais en vue de l'approbation de modèle
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document spécifie les essais en vue de l’approbation de modèle pour les compteurs d’énergie thermique. Les compteurs d’énergie thermique sont des instruments destinés à mesurer l’énergie thermique qui, dans un circuit d’échange thermique, est absorbée (refroidissement) ou cédée (chauffage) par un liquide appelé « liquide caloporteur ». Le compteur d’énergie thermique fournit la quantité d’énergie thermique en unités de mesure légales.
Le présent document couvre les compteurs pour les systèmes fermés uniquement, où la pression différentielle dans la charge thermique est limitée.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas :
- aux prescriptions de sécurité électrique ;
- aux prescriptions de sécurité relative à la pression ;
- aux sondes de température montées en surface.
Merilniki toplote - 4. del: Preskusi za odobritev tipa
Ta dokument določa preskuse za odobritev tipa merilnikov toplote. Merilniki toplote so instrumenti, namenjeni merjenju energije, ki jo v krogotoku toplotne izmenjave absorbira (hlajenje) ali oddaja (ogrevanje) tekočina, imenovana tekočina za prenos toplote. Merilnik toplote podaja količino toplote v predpisanih enotah.
Ta dokument ne zajema zahtev za električno varnost.
Ta dokument ne zajema tlačnih varnostnih zahtev.
Ta dokument ne zajema površinsko nameščenih senzorjev temperature.
Ta standard zajema samo števce za zaprte sisteme, pri katerih je diferencialni tlak nad toplotno obremenitvijo omejen.
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 1434-4:2022 - published by CEN - specifies pattern approval tests (type-approval) for thermal energy meters used to measure thermal energy transferred by a heat‑conveying liquid in closed systems. The standard applies to meters that indicate the quantity of thermal energy in legal units and covers testing requirements for meter sub‑assemblies and complete meters under realistic operating and environmental conditions. It supersedes EN 1434-4:2015+A1:2018 and is part of the EN 1434 series for thermal energy meters.
Scope highlights
- Applies to meters for closed systems where differential pressure over the thermal load is limited.
- Excludes electrical safety, pressure safety and surface‑mounted temperature sensors.
- Supports EU conformity frameworks (see Annex ZA in the standard).
Key topics and technical requirements
EN 1434-4:2022 defines a comprehensive test programme and criteria for pattern approval. Major technical topics include:
Performance tests
- Flow sensor, calculator (meter electronics), temperature sensors, and combined meter performance.
- Tests with fluids other than water and specific tests for fast‑response meters (tapping profiles).
Environmental and durability tests
- Dry heat, cold, damp heat (cyclic and steady‑state), vibration, mechanical shock, and durability cycles (including accelerated tests for temperature sensors and bifunctional meters).
Electrical and electromagnetic immunity
- Static voltage deviations, short mains interruptions, fast transients (bursts), surge transients, electrostatic discharge (ESD), and electromagnetic fields (low and high frequency, distant and close proximity).
- Electromagnetic emission requirements and RF amplitude‑modulated fields.
Hydraulic and flow integrity
- Internal pressure, pressure loss (including for fluids other than water), flow disturbances (asymmetric swirl generator included), and criteria for a fully developed flow profile.
Documentation and test uncertainty
- Requirements for specifying rated and reference operating conditions, reference values for measurands, test uncertainty and reporting. Annexes provide checklists, temperature sensor test procedures and a normative asymmetric swirl generator design.
Applications and who uses this standard
EN 1434-4:2022 is used when performing type‑approval and laboratory testing of thermal energy meters intended for:
- District heating and cooling billing systems
- Building HVAC energy metering and sub‑metering
- Industrial heat measurement and energy management Stakeholders:
- Meter manufacturers (design and compliance testing)
- Accredited testing laboratories and notified bodies (pattern approval)
- Utilities and energy service companies (specification and procurement)
- National metrology institutes and conformity assessment authorities
Related standards
EN 1434 is a multi‑part standard series:
- Part 1: General requirements
- Part 2: Constructional requirements
- Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces
- Part 5: Initial verification tests
- Part 6: Installation, commissioning and maintenance
Using EN 1434-4:2022 ensures consistent, reliable pattern approval testing aligned with current CEN requirements for thermal energy metering.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1434-4:2016+A1:2019
Merilniki toplote - 4. del: Preskusi za odobritev tipa
Thermal energy meters - Part 4: Pattern approval tests
Thermische Energiemessgeräte - Teil 4: Prüfungen für die Bauartzulassung
Compteurs d'énergie thermique - Partie 4 : Essais en vue de l'approbation de modèle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1434-4:2022
ICS:
17.200.20 Instrumenti za merjenje Temperature-measuring
temperature instruments
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 1434-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.200.20 Supersedes EN 1434-4:2015+A1:2018
English Version
Thermal energy meters - Part 4: Pattern approval tests
Compteurs d'énergie thermique - Partie 4 : Essais en Thermische Energiemessgeräte - Teil 4: Prüfungen für
vue de l'approbation de modèle die Bauartzulassung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 July 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1434-4:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General. 7
5 Requirements . 7
6 Specification of operating conditions . 8
6.1 Rated operating conditions . 8
6.2 Reference conditions . 8
6.3 Reference values for the measurand (RVM) . 8
6.3.1 General. 8
6.3.2 Reference values for the measurand . 8
7 Tests and measurements . 9
7.1 General. 9
7.2 Test programme . 10
7.3 Uncertainty of test equipment and influences of EUT . 12
7.4 Performance tests . 13
7.4.1 General. 13
7.4.2 Flow sensor . 13
7.4.3 Calculator . 16
7.4.4 Temperature sensors . 18
7.4.5 Combined sub-assemblies or complete meter . 20
7.5 Dry heat . 20
7.5.1 General. 20
7.5.2 Calculator . 20
7.5.3 Flow sensor . 20
7.5.4 Combined sub-assemblies or complete meter . 21
7.6 Cold . 21
7.6.1 General. 21
7.6.2 Calculator . 21
7.6.3 Flow sensor . 21
7.6.4 Combined sub-assemblies or complete meter . 21
7.7 Static deviations in supply voltage . 22
7.8 Durability test . 23
7.8.1 General. 23
7.8.2 Flow sensor . 23
7.8.3 Temperature sensors . 27
7.8.4 Combined sub-assemblies or complete meter . 28
7.9 Damp heat . 28
7.9.1 Damp heat cyclic . 28
7.9.2 Damp heat steady-state . 29
7.10 Short time mains voltage reduction . 29
7.11 Electrical transients . 30
7.11.1 Fast transients (bursts) . 30
7.11.2 Surge transients . 31
7.12 Electromagnetic fields . 33
7.12.1 Low frequency fields . 33
7.12.2 High frequency fields . 34
7.13 Electromagnetic field specifically caused by wireless equipment . 35
7.13.1 Electromagnetic field in distant proximity . 35
7.13.2 Electromagnetic field in close proximity . 36
7.14 Radio frequency amplitude modulated . 37
7.15 Electrostatic discharge . 39
7.16 Static magnetic field (fraud protection) . 39
7.17 Mains frequency magnetic field . 40
7.18 Internal pressure . 40
7.19 Pressure loss . 40
7.20 Electromagnetic emission . 41
7.20.1 General . 41
7.20.2 Conducted emission on power AC lines . 41
7.20.3 Conducted emission on signal and DC power lines . 41
7.20.4 Radiated emission . 42
7.21 24 h interruption in the mains power supply voltage . 42
7.22 Flow disturbances . 42
7.23 Vibration/mechanical shock . 45
8 Documentation . 45
Annex A (informative) Testing procedure for temperature sensor pairs with pockets and
without pockets . 47
A.1 Test set-up . 47
A.1.1 General . 47
A.1.2 Requirements of a temperature bath . 47
A.2 Test sequence . 49
A.3 Calculations . 50
Annex B (informative) Checklist for type approvals of thermal energy meters according to
EN 1434 . 51
Annex C (informative) Criteria for a fully developed flow profile . 70
Annex D (normative) Asymmetric swirl generator . 71
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/32/EU aimed to be covered . 75
Bibliography . 77
European foreword
This document (EN 1434-4:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 176 “Thermal
energy meters”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1434-4:2015+A1:2018.
EN 1434, Thermal energy meters, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: General requirements;
— Part 2: Constructional requirements;
— Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces ;
— Part 4: Pattern approval tests;
— Part 5: Initial verification tests;
— Part 6: Installation, commissioning, operational monitoring and maintenance.
In comparison with EN 1434-4:2015+A1:2018, the following changes have been made:
— addition of fluids other than water as well as electromagnetic field frequency groups and
electromagnetic field distance groups on the test programme in 7.2;
— addition of performance test with fluids other than water, tapping profile test for fast response
meters and general testing of temperature sensors in 7.4;
— addition of durability test for bifunctional thermal energy meters, durability test for fluids other
than water and accelerated durability test for temperature sensors in 7.8;
— addition of information on supply voltage and output impedance for surge transients in 7.11;
— addition of 7.12.1 “Low frequency fields” and 7.12.2 “High frequency fields”;
— addition of 7.13.1 “Electromagnetic field in distant proximity” and 7.13.2 “Electromagnetic field in
close proximity”;
— addition of pressure loss with fluids other than water in 7.19;
— reference for electromagnetic emission has been updated in 7.20;
EN 1434-3 is maintained by CEN/TC 294.
— addition of asymmetric swirl generator and performing flow disturbance test with liquids other
than water in 7.22;
— checklist for type approvals has been updated in Annex B;
— addition of Annex D including dimensions of asymmetric swirl generator;
— Annex ZA has been updated.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies pattern approval tests for thermal energy meters. Thermal energy meters are
instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling)
or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The thermal energy meter indicates
the quantity of thermal energy in legal units.
This document covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal
load is limited.
This document is not applicable to:
— electrical safety requirements;
— pressure safety requirements; and
— surface mounted temperature sensors.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1434-1:2022, Thermal energy meters — Part 1: General requirements
EN 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests — Test A: Cold (IEC 60068-2-1:2007)
EN 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests — Test B: Dry heat (IEC 60068-2-2:2007)
EN 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests — Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h
cycle (IEC 60068-2-30:2005)
EN 60068-2-78:2013, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
(IEC 60068-2-78:2012)
EN 60751:2008, Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum temperature sensors
(IEC 60751:2008)
EN 61000-4-2:2009, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and measurement
techniques — Electrostatic discharge immunity test (IEC 61000-4-2:2008)
EN 61000-4-3:2006, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques — Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test (IEC 61000-4-3:2006)
EN 61000-4-4:2012, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-4: Testing and measurement
techniques — Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test (IEC 61000-4-4:2012)
EN 61000-4-5:2014, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-5: Testing and measurement
techniques — Surge immunity test (IEC 61000-4-5:2014)
Document is impacted by /A1:2008 and /A2:2010.
Document is impacted by /A1:2007.
EN 61000-4-6:2014, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-6: Testing and measurement
techniques — Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields (IEC 61000-4-
6:2013)
EN 61000-4-8:2010, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-8: Testing and measurement
techniques — Power frequency magnetic field immunity test (IEC 61000-4-8:2009)
EN IEC 61000-4-11:2020, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-11: Testing and measurement
techniques — Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with
input current up to 16 A per phase (IEC 61000-4-11:2020)
EN 61000-4-39:2017, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-39: Testing and measurement
techniques — Radiated fields in close proximity — Immunity test (IEC 61000-4-39:2017)
EN 61000-6-3:2007, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-3: Generic standards — Emission
standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-3:2006)
EN 61326-1:2013, Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use — EMC
requirements — Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61326-1:2012)
EN ISO 4064-2:2017, Water meters for cold potable water and hot water — Part 2: Test methods
(ISO 4064-2:2014)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1434-1:2022 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 General
The procedure shall ascertain that the pattern conforms to the metrological requirements of this
document. In addition to the checking of the documentation (Clause 8) and the comparison of the
pattern with the metrological requirements of this European Standard, the tests in Clause 7 shall be
performed.
It is recommended to use a checklist as in Annex B to report in a standardized way the result of the
comparison between the patterns under approval with the essential requirements of this document.
5 Requirements
Under normal operating conditions, the error of thermal energy meters or their sub-assemblies shall
not exceed the maximum permissible error, MPE specified in EN 1434-1:2022.
When thermal energy meters or their sub-assemblies are exposed to disturbances, significant faults
shall not occur.
Document is impacted by AC:2015.
Document is impacted by /AC:2020.
Document is impacted by /A1:2011 and /A1:2011/AC:2012.
6 Specification of operating conditions
6.1 Rated operating conditions
The rated operating conditions are those given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Rated operating conditions
Environmental class A B C
Ambient temperature in °C +5 to +55 −25 to +55 +5 to +55
Relative humidity in % < 93
Mains supply voltage in V 195 V to 253 V
Mains frequency f ± 2 %
nom
Battery voltage The voltage of a battery in service under normal conditions
Remote AC supply voltage 12 V to 36 V
Remote DC supply voltage 12 V to 42 V
Local external DC supply voltage As specified by manufacturer
6.2 Reference conditions
Range of ambient temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C
Range of relative humidity: 25 % to 75 %
Range of ambient air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa
Basic mounting orientation
The actual temperature and relative humidity within the specified range shall not vary by more
than ± 2,5 K and ± 5 percentage points respectively during the period of one measurement.
The reference conditions for a sub-assembly shall be the conditions under which it would operate if it
was a part of a combined thermal energy meter.
6.3 Reference values for the measurand (RVM)
6.3.1 General
For bifunctional thermal energy meters, the RVM shall be based on the values for the heating range.
6.3.2 Reference values for the measurand
Table 2 — Reference values for heating and cooling
Heating applications Cooling applications
Range of temperature (40 ± 2) K (10 ± 2) K
difference:
3 3
Range of flow rate: (0,7 to 0,75) q in m /h (0,7 to 0,75) q in m /h
p p
Outlet temperature: (50 ± 5) °C (15 ± 5) °C
The conditions, mentioned in Table 2, are reference values for a complete thermal energy meter.
Reference values for sub-assemblies are the relevant parts of the conditions mentioned in Table 2.
Flow rate simulation for the flow sensor electronics is allowed, but testing with water is always
preferred. The temperature of the liquid in the flow sensor shall be kept at (50 ± 5) °C or at ambient
temperature. The power and signal wires shall be connected. The flow sensor including flow sensor
electronics shall be operated at zero flow rate (without low flow cut off device).
7 Tests and measurements
7.1 General
Unless otherwise stated in the test specification, the test requirements apply irrespective of the thermal
energy meter's environmental class. See EN 1434-1:2022, Clause 10.
All measurements shall be carried out under the installation conditions stipulated by the manufacturer
for his type of meter (e.g. straight sections of piping upstream and downstream of the meter). For all
tests the heat conveying liquid shall be water, unless otherwise specified. The performance test shall be
carried out with the specified liquid and the type approval certificate shall include the specification of
the liquid to be used for initial verification.
If a temperature sensor can be installed in the flow sensor, this shall be done during the performance
tests of the flow sensor. Where a filter or strainer is an integral part of the flow sensor, it shall be
included at all tests.
If the error determined lies outside the MPE, the test shall be repeated twice unless otherwise stated.
The test is satisfactory declared if both the arithmetic mean of the result of the three tests and at least
two of the test results are within or at the MPE.
Depending on the flow sensor size the tests and measurements to be carried out are described below:
For each meter model the test in 7.4, 7.18 and 7.19 can be carried out on a limited number of sizes
according to an evaluation by the testing laboratory. This evaluation shall be included in the type
testing report.
The test in 7.8 shall be carried out only for those sizes of a type for which the highest wear is expected.
For dimensions > DN 200, 7.19 shall be carried out at θ .
min
For each meter model the following tests shall be carried out on one size only: 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 7.10,
7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.20, 7.21 and 7.23.
Tests of additional energy registers for smart metering functionalities:
The accuracy of thermal energy accumulation into the additionally and independently energy registers
shall be tested by energy performance tests according to 7.4.
NOTE In applications of smart metering, one or both single sensors of the pair are used as additional single
sensor.
Additional tests for control quantities, the internal clock, external digital signal, single temperature
sensors, calculators and calculators with single sensors shall be done according to requirements in
EN 1434-1:2022, 5.10. It shall be tested that the specific MPE according to EN 1434-1:2022, 5.10.5 for
tolerance quantities, used for threshold activation of additional energy accumulations will be met.
The absence of software-interaction between all energy registers shall be proved in accordance with the
WELMEC Guide “7.2 Software”, respective latest edition. This shall be done for both directions of energy
flow, in cases of delivered and absorbed energy (heat and cooling meter).
Each additional register under test shall be activated by the corresponding control quantity. It shall be
ascertained that the specific activated register content on display is corresponding to the changes of
control quantity, as expected and by at least one totalizer energy increment.
By metrological tests the accuracy of generating and processing, the accumulated energy values in
dependency on the parameterisation of the corresponding control parameters shall be tested. By
checking of the switch-on/off parameters, it shall be ascertained that the control quantity and the
values thereof are indicated on display properly. The information on the display shall not deviate from
the real measurement with respect to measurement conditions.
7.2 Test programme
Samples of a thermal energy meter, or its sub-assemblies, submitted for pattern approval, shall be
subject to tests to verify their conformity with Clause 4. Unless otherwise stated, the tests shall be
carried out at reference conditions and the samples shall be exposed to the influence factors or
disturbances specified for the respective tests, as stated in Table 3.
Meters for the use with heat-conveying liquids other than water have to perform the following tests
with liquids other than water:
— Performance test (7.4); the test shall be performed with the specified liquid and concentration. For
meters for multiple specified liquids and/or multiple specified concentrations the manufacturer
shall prove (preferably by experiment which may be supported by calculation and simulation) that
the meter is capable to adapt to the physical properties of the liquid. The number of tests can then
be reduced by sample testing e.g. for some of the specified liquids and/or specified concentrations.
Minimum is one fluid for each liquid category.
— Flow disturbance test (7.22); the effect of flow disturbances is changing for liquids other than water
because the viscosity of the liquid is an additional influence on the flow profile. Therefore, this test
shall be carried out at the limits of the foreseen field of operation with regard to viscosity and
density- so at the highest and lowest viscosity and density expected with the stated liquids,
temperatures and concentrations.
— Durability test (7.8); the effect of abrasion and deposition is changing for liquids other than water
because the viscosity and density of the liquid is an additional factor on the flow behaviour.
Therefore, this test shall be carried out at the limits of the foreseen field of operation with regard to
viscosity and density- so at the highest and lowest viscosity and density expected with the stated
liquids, temperatures and concentrations.
As a further test, an ageing test of all parts in contact with the medium, including all seals, shall be
carried out over 2 months. The test shall be performed with the heat conveying liquid to be approved.
During the test, the medium may be at zero flow. Before and after this test the meter shall comply with
the MPE. The parts in contact with the medium shall be visually inspected after the test. This test is used
to investigate chemical interactions or swelling of the materials in direct contact with the liquid e.g.
plastics/seals.
The test sequence and the number of items used shall be either as described in Table 3 or as agreed
between the manufacturer and the testing laboratory (assuming four samples, numbered by the testing
laboratory).
Only one influence quantity shall be applied at a time.
If the meter under test (complete, combined or sub-assemblies) has test outputs for quantity of water,
temperature difference and/or energy, these outputs can be used to test such parameters.
Table 3 — Test programme for thermal energy meters and their sub-assemblies
Test Subclause Exposure Temperature Flow Calculating Complete Item
sensor pair sensor device meter number
Influence factors
MPE 7.4 Performance test X X X X 2
a
MPE 7.5 Dry heat X X X 2
a
MPE 7.6 Cold X X X 2
a
MPE 7.7 Static deviations X X X 2
in supply voltage
Disturbances
d
NSF 7.8 Durability X X X 4
a
a
NSF 7.9.1 Damp heat, cyclic X X X X 1
c c
NSF 7.9.2 Damp heat, X X X 1
steady-state
NSF 7.10 Short time X X X 3
reduction in
supply voltage
a b b
NSF 7.11 Electrical X X X 3
a
transients
a b b
NSF 7.12.1 Low frequency X X X 3
d
electromagnetic
field
a b b
NSF 7.12.2 High frequency X X X 3
d
electromagnetic
field
a b b
NSF 7.13.1 Electromagnetic X X X 3
d
field – distant
proximity
NSF 7.13.2 Electromagnetic
a
field – close
proximity
a b b
NSF 7.14 Radio frequency, X X X 3
d
amplitude
modulated
a
NSF 7.15 Electrostatic X X X 3
a
discharge
NSF 7.16 Static magnetic X X X 3
d
field
a
NSF 7.17 Mains frequency X X X 3
d
magnetic field
Test Subclause Exposure Temperature Flow Calculating Complete Item
sensor pair sensor device meter number
NSF 7.18 Internal pressure X X 1
a
7.19 Pressure loss X X 1
a b
7.20 Electromagnetic X X X 3
emission
7.21 24 hrs X X 3
interruption
NSF 7.22 Flow X X 1
d
disturbances
NSF 7.23 Vibration/ X X X X 2
a
mechanical shock
MPE Maximum permissible error according to EN 1434-1:2022, Clause 9.
NSF No signification fault shall occur during the test.
d
NSF No signification fault shall occur after the test.
a
X Test to be performed.
a
Only for flow sensors with electronic devices.
b
This test shall be done with connected cables.
c
For cooling meters / sub-assemblies with at least IP 65.
d
This test shall be done with 12 temperature sensor pairs in total.
For bifunctional thermal energy meters, the tests in 7.4 shall cover both functions, the tests in 7.6 and
7.9 shall be carried out using the cooling function, but all other tests shall be carried out using the
heating function. (For RVM values see 6.3.)
7.3 Uncertainty of test equipment and influences of EUT
Standards, instruments and methods used in pattern approval tests shall suit the purpose, be traceable
to more precise standards and be part of a reliable calibration programme.
The uncertainties associated with these standards, methods and measuring instruments shall always be
known. They shall be calculated with a coverage factor of 2 corresponding to a coverage probability of
95 %.
The expanded uncertainties shall either:
a) not exceed 1/5 of the maximum permissible errors of the thermal energy meter or the sub-
assemblies,
or
b) if the uncertainty is higher than 1/5 of MPE, the value of the difference between uncertainty and
1/5 MPE shall be subtracted from MPE, to calculate a new reduced MPE.
The use of a) is recommended.
Uncertainty influences (combination of resolution and repeatability) coming from equipment under test
shall not be more than 30 % for the flow sensor, 20 % for the calculator and 60 % for the temperature
sensor pair of the MPE of each sub-assembly.
7.4 Performance tests
7.4.1 General
The initial intrinsic error shall be determined at least at the conditions stated in 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4 and
7.4.5.
7.4.2 Flow sensor
7.4.2.1 General
All performance tests shall be carried out three times.
For a meter model with more than one specified mounting orientation, the performance testing shall be
performed in the orientation, where the higher influences are expected.
Tests of flow sensors shall be done above minimum operation pressure specified by the manufacturer
with examination of absence of cavitation.
It shall be tested, that the volume and energy registers for billing purposes will not decrement in the
case of reverse flow rate.
7.4.2.2 Flow rates
Flow rates:
0 +10
q % , q ± 5% , q ± 5% , q ± 5% , and q %
1−10 2 3 4 5 0
where
q = q and qq= , qq/ qq/ q / q q / q K
1 s 5 i 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
where
q
s
K= 4
q
i
The test flow rate nearest to 0,7 q to 0,75 q shall be changed to be within 0,7 q to 0,75 q in order to
p p p p
obtain one point within RVM conditions. The water temperatures for this test are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 — Water temperatures
Applications
Heating Cooling
Test All All
points
a (15 ± 5) °C
(θ to θ + 5) °C
min min
(but not less than 10 °C)
b (50 ± 5) °C (5 ± 1) °C
c (85 ± 5) °C
====
The water temperature at the thermal energy meter shall not vary by more than 2 K during a
measurement.
For flow sensors larger than DN 250, testing at water temperature a) only, is considered sufficient if the
following conditions are satisfied:
— the test results for smaller flow sensors of the same model are inside MPE for all water
temperatures;
— documentary evidence is given that technological similarity exists between the models tested and
the larger sizes applied for.
7.4.2.3 Electromagnetic type flow sensors
Electromagnetic type flow sensors shall be tested with the liquids to be approved having an electrical
conductivity higher than 200 μS/cm.
If the manufacturer has stated a lower permitted conductivity, tests shall also be performed at that
conductivity at the flow rates q and q , and at the water temperature a). The conductivity shall be
1 5
noted in the certificate.
If the electronic part of the flow sensor is separated from the sensor head, the type and the maximum
length of the connecting cable to the electrodes shall be stated by the manufacturer, be used for the
above-mentioned low conductivity test and noted in the certificate.
7.4.2.4 Fast response meters
For fast response meters the error of the flow sensors of size qp ≤ 2,5 m /h shall be determined for one
size by measuring the total quantity of water delivered in a tapping profile consisting of periods F(low)
at flow rate q and periods P(ause) at zero flow rate according to Figure 1 and Table 5. Before the test
p
the flow sensors shall not be exposed to any flow (q = 0 l/h) for at least 60 s. The tapping profile of the
test starts with F . The water temperature shall be (20 ± 5) °C. The test volume shall be calculated as
following: V = F ∙ q +F ∙ q +…+F ∙ q with F being a time with flow q . Uncertainties with respect to
test 1 p 2 p i p i p
times F and flow q during the test shall be considered by a combined uncertainty of the real test
i p
volume, which shall be within V ± (0,1 ∙ V ).
test test
Key
t time [s]
Y qp
Figure 1 — Tapping profile for fast response flow sensor/meter test. The flow is switching
between 0 x q and 1 x q . Flow and Pause times are varying according to Table 5
p p
The change of flow from q to zero flow and vice versa shall correspond to an opening and closing time
p
of the utilized valve of less than 1 s.
The test shall be performed with 6 samples of identical flow sensors, and the test shall be repeated 15
times with each of all 6 samples (in total 90 tests). The 15 test results per sample shall be averaged.
None of these averaged errors from the 6 samples shall exceed the MPE. However, up to 5 out of 15
errors determined for each of the 6 samples are allowed to exceed the MPE.
Table 5 — Tapping profile for fast response flow sensor/meter test
i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Flow 6 10 17 14 7 10 9 13 16 9 13 15 14 13 12
duration
[s]
Pause 30 25 20 25 30 35 60 30 35 25 10 30 15 20 20
duration
[s]
i 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Flow 7 90 5 12 11 60 14 30 5 15 6 15 8 8 11
duration
[s]
Pause 20 35 15 30 10 25 10 15 10 35 20 25 60 15 15
duration
[s]
The required sampling times (defined in EN 1434-1:2022, Annex C) can alternatively be proven by the
measurement of the sampling times of temperature sensor pairs and the volume sensor e.g. with the
help of a oscilloscope or a counter. For that the manufacturer has to specify the testing procedure.
Additional shall be proven that the software for calculation of thermal energy is able to fulfil the
requirements for fast response meters.
7.4.3 Calculator
7.4.3.1 Heating and cooling applications
The calculator shall be tested at the following simulated temperatures:
Table 6 — Testing temperatures for heating applications
Temperature Temperature difference
[°C] [K]
+5
∆Θ , 5, 20, ∆Θ
a) θθ=
min RVM
( )
outlet min0
a
b) ∆Θ , 5, 20, ∆Θ , ∆Θ
θθ± 5
( )
min RVM max
outlet RVM
20, ∆Θ , ∆Θ
c) θθ=
RVM max
( )
inlet max−5
a
The level corresponding to ∆Θ shall be reduced if needed to be within
max
θ .
max
=
Table 7 — Testing temperatures for cooling applications
Temperature Temperature difference
[°C] [K]
+5
∆Θ , 5, ∆Θ , ∆Θ
a) θθ=
min RVM max
( )
inlet min0
b) ∆Θ
θ 15± 5
( )
min
inlet
∆Θ , ∆Θ
c) θθ=
RVM max
( )
outlet max−5
The maximum temperature for these tests shall not exceed 𝜃𝜃 .
max
Tolerances:
For all temperature differences: ± 20 %,
+20 0
except for ∆Θ % and ∆Θ %
min 0 max −20
For all test points, the simulated flow rate shall not create a signal exceeding the maximum signal
acceptable by the calculator.
Additional test for bifunctional meters for change-over systems between heating and cooling:
An example for the switching over from heating to cooling register and reversed is given in
EN 1434-1:2022, Figure 1.
It shall be tested that
— heating energy shall only be recorded at ΔΘ > ΔΘ and at θ > θ ;
hc inlet hc
— cooling energy shall only be recorded at ΔΘ < - ΔΘ and at θ < θ ;
hc inlet hc
— no heating and cooling energies shall be recorded between - ΔΘ and ΔΘ .
hc hc
The general test in this clause shall be performed both for the heating and the cooling function using the
correct heat coefficient (depending on installation of the flow sensor in higher respectively lower
temperature).
7.4.3.2 Additional functionalities for smart metering applications
7.4.3.2.1 Internal clock as control quantity
It shall be shown that the deviation from the official legal time during the whole estimated durability
period does not exceed the optional values given in EN 1434-1:2022, 5.10.5.1, means less than 1 h/year
or less than 6 min or less than 7 s, by verifying the accuracy for setting the legal time or calculated
evidence of deviation by the characteristics of the crystal frequency depending on e.g. temperature and
time.
By test for the accuracy of periodic interval registers for billing periods (e.g. hourly, daily, weekly or
monthly registers), it shall be shown that the time deviation is not more than 1 % of the regarded
period.
This correct function of time as control quantity shall be tested at least three points of time within an
appropriate period (e.g. 24 h), at a defined date.
=
...
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1434-4:2022 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Thermal energy meters - Part 4: Pattern approval tests". This standard covers: This document specifies pattern approval tests for thermal energy meters. Thermal energy meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The thermal energy meter indicates the quantity of thermal energy in legal units. This document covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited. This document is not applicable to: - electrical safety requirements; - pressure safety requirements; and - surface mounted temperature sensors.
This document specifies pattern approval tests for thermal energy meters. Thermal energy meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The thermal energy meter indicates the quantity of thermal energy in legal units. This document covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited. This document is not applicable to: - electrical safety requirements; - pressure safety requirements; and - surface mounted temperature sensors.
EN 1434-4:2022 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1434-4:2022 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 1434-4:2015+A1:2018. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 1434-4:2022 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/32/EU; Standardization Mandates: M/541. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN 1434-4:2022 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
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