CEN ISO/TS 17892-2:2004
(Main)Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 2: Determination of density of fine grained soil (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 2: Determination of density of fine grained soil (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
ISO/TS 17892-2:2004 specifies methods of test for the determination of the bulk and dry density of intact soil or rock within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997-1 and prEN 1997-2.
The bulk density of a soil is useful in the determination of the in-situ overburden stresses at various depth (geostatic stresses). Furthermore, bulk and dry density can qualitatively describe the mechanical characteristics of a soil via empirical relationships which are to be found in the technical literature. Such relationships should be used only as guidelines and should be supplemented by direct measurements of the mechanical characteristics.
This document describes three methods:
a) linear measurements method;
b) immersion in water method;
c) fluid displacement method.
The linear measurement method is suitable for the determination of the density of a specimen of cohesive soil of regular shape, including specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens used are normally in the form of either rectangular prisms or straight cylinders.
The immersion in water method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of natural or compacted soil by measuring its mass in air and its apparent mass when suspended in water. The method is employable whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
The fluid displacement method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of soil by measuring mass and displacement of water or other appropriate fluid after immersion. The method is employable whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Laborversuche an Bodenproben - Teil 2: Bestimmung der Dichte von feinkörnigem Boden (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de laboratoire sur les sols - Partie 2: Détermination de la masse volumique d'un sol fin (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
L'ISO 17892-2:2004 spécifie les méthodes d'essai pour la détermination des masses volumiques d'un échantillon de sol ou de roche non remanié à l'état humide ou sec dans le domaine d'application de la reconnaissance géotechnique conformément aux prEN 1997-1 et pr EN 1997-2.
La masse volumique d'un sol est utilisée pour la détermination des contraintes du terrain en place à différentes profondeurs (contraintes géostatiques). De plus, les masses volumiques du sol à l'état humide ou sec peuvent permettre d'estimer qualitativement les caractéristiques mécaniques d'un sol, en se basant sur des relations empiriques fournies dans la documentation technique. Il convient que ces relations soient utilisées uniquement à titre indicatif et qu'elles soient complétées par des mesurages directs des caractéristiques mécaniques.
Le présent document décrit trois méthodes:
a) méthode par mesurage des dimensions géométriques;
b) méthode par pesée hydrostatique;
c) méthode par déplacement d'un fluide.
La méthode par mesurage des dimensions géométriques convient pour la détermination de la masse volumique d'une éprouvette de sol cohérent de forme régulière, y compris pour des éprouvettes préparées pour d'autres essais. Les éprouvettes utilisées sont généralement en forme de prisme rectangulaire ou de cylindre droit.
La méthode par pesée hydrostatique s'applique à la détermination de la masse volumique d'un sol humide ou sec, naturel ou compacté, par mesurage de sa masse dans l'air et de sa masse apparente après immersion dans l'eau. Cette méthode peut être utilisée dès lors qu'il est possible d'obtenir des blocs de matériau de dimension appropriée.
La méthode par déplacement d'un fluide permet la détermination de la masse volumique d'une éprouvette de sol à l'état humide ou sec par mesurage de sa masse et de la quantité d'eau (ou autre fluide) déplacée après immersion. Cette méthode peut être utilisée dès lors qu'il est possible d'obtenir des blocs de matériau de dimension appropriée.
Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje – Laboratorijsko preskušanje zemljin – 2. del: Ugotavljanje gostote drobnozrnatih zemljin (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
Ta dokument določa preskusne metode za ugotavljanje specifične mase in referenčne gostote nespremenjenih zemljin ali kamnin v okviru geotehničnih preiskav v skladu s prEN 1997-1 in prEN 1997-2. Specifična masa zemljine je uporabna pri ugotavljanju in situ preobremenitvenih napetosti v različnih globinah (geostatičnih napetosti). Poleg tega specifična masa in referenčna gostota preko empiričnih razmerij, navedenih v tehnični literaturi, lahko opišeta mehanske značilnosti zemljine. Takšna razmerja naj se uporabljajo le kot smernice in jih je treba dopolniti z neposrednimi meritvami mehanskih značilnosti. Ta dokument opisuje tri metode: a) metodo linearnih meritev; b) metodo s potopitvijo v vodo; c) metodo tekočinskega izpodrivanja. Metoda linearnih meritev je primerna za ugotavljanje gostote vzorca kohezivne zemljine pravilne oblike, vključno z vzorci, pripravljenimi za druge preskuse. Uporabljeni vzorci so običajno v obliki pravokotnih prizem ali ravnih valjev. Metoda s potopitvijo v vodo zajema ugotavljanje specifične mase in referenčne gostote vzorca naravne ali zbite zemljine z merjenjem njene mase v zraku in njene navidezne mase, ko je potopljena v vodo. Metoda se uporablja, kadar se lahko pridobijo grude materiala primerne velikosti. Metoda tekočinskega izpodrivanja zajema ugotavljanje specifične mase in referenčne gostote vzorca zemljine z merjenjem mase in izpodriva vode ali druge primerne tekočine po potopitvi. Metoda se uporablja, kadar se lahko pridobijo grude materiala primerne velikosti.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2004
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GHO 8JRWDYOMDQMHJRVWRWHGUREQR]UQDWLK]HPOMLQ ,6276
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 2: Determination
of density of fine grained soil (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Laborversuche an Bodenproben - Teil 2:
Bestimmung der Dichte von feinkörnigem Boden (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de laboratoire sur les sols - Partie 2:
Détermination de la masse volumique d'un sol fin (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TS 17892-2:2004
ICS:
13.080.20 Fizikalne lastnosti tal Physical properties of soils
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN ISO/TS 17892-2
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
October 2004
ICS 13.080.20; 93.020
English version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of
soil - Part 2: Determination of density of fine-grained soil
(ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de sol Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
au laboratoire - Partie 2: Détermination de la masse Laborversuche an Bodenproben - Teil 2: Bestimmung der
volumique d'un sol fin (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004) Dichte von feinkörnigem Boden (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 2 December 2003 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 17892-2:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Foreword.3
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Equipment .6
5 Test procedure.7
6 Test results.11
7 Test report .13
Annex A (informative) Explanations.14
Bibliography .15
Figures
Figure 1 — Method of determining density by immersion in water .9
Figure 2 — Method of determining density by fluid displacement.10
Foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TS 17892-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical investigation and testing”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics”.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN ISO/TS 17892 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Laboratory testing of soil:
Part 1: Determination of water content
Part 2: Determination of density of fine grained soil
Part 3: Determination of particle density - Pycnometer method
Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution
Part 5: Incremental loading oedometer test
Part 6: Fall cone test
Part 7: Unconfined compression test on fine-grain soils
Part 8: Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test
Part 9: Consolidated triaxial compression tests on water saturated soils
Part 10: Direct shear tests
Part 11: Determination of permeability by constant and falling head
Part 12: Determination of the Atterberg limits
Introduction
This document covers areas in the international field of geotechnical engineering never previously standardised. It
is intended that this document presents broad good practice throughout the world and significant differences with
national documents is not anticipated. It is based on international practice (see [1]).
1 Scope
This document specifies methods of test for the determination of the bulk and dry density of intact soil or rock within
the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997-1 and prEN 1997-2.
The bulk density of a soil is useful in the determination of the in-situ overburden stresses at various depth
(geostatic stresses). Furthermore, bulk and dry density can qualitatively describe the mechanical characteristics of
a soil via empirical relationships which are to be found in the technical literature. Such relationships should be used
only as guidelines and should be supplemented by direct measurements of the mechanical characteristics.
This document describes three methods:
a) linear measurements method;
b) immersion in water method;
c) fluid displacement method.
The linear measurement method is suitable for the determination of the density of a specimen of cohesive soil of
regular shape, including specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens used are normally in the form of either
rectangular prisms or straight cylinders.
The immersion in water method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of
natural or compacted soil by measuring its mass in air and its apparent mass when suspended in water. The
method is employable whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
The fluid displacement method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of soil by
measuring mass and displacement of water or other appropriate fluid after immersion. The method is employable
whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
prEN 1997-1, Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design — Part 1: General rules.
prEN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 - Geotechnical design — Part 2: Ground investigation and testing.
CEN ISO/TS 17892-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 1: Determination
of water content (ISO/TS 17892-1:2004).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
bulk density
ρ
mass of soil or rock per unit volume of the material, including any water or gas it contains
3.2
dry density
ρρ
ρρ
d
mass of oven-dried soil contained in a unit volume
NOTE The term unit weight, denoted by γ , is used when calculating the force exerted by a mass of soil, and is derived
from the mass density by the equation γ = ρ ⋅ g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (in m/s²). The value of g varies
between 9,82 m/s², and 9,79 m/s², depending upon latitude.
3.3
undisturbed sample
normally a sample of quality class 1, according to prEN 1997-2
4 Equipment
4.1 Linear measurement method
The following items are necessary for the linear measurement method:
Cutting and trimming tools (e.g. a sharp knife, wire saw, spatula, scoop);
steel straightedge and try-square;
steel rule;
vernier callipers;
balance, accuracy 0,03 g;
apparatus for water content determination according to CEN ISO/TS 17892-1.
4.2 Immersion in water method
The following items are necessary for the immersion measurement method:
A watertight container of a suitable size;
a balance, accuracy 0,3 g;
a cradle and supporting frame similar in principle to that shown in Figure 1 which, with the frame attached to
the scoop or platform of the balance, can support the cradle below the balance;
equipment for melting paraffin wax;
apparatus for water content determination according to CEN ISO/TS 17892-1;
materials: plasticine or putty and paraffin wax.
4.3 Fluid displacement method
The following items are necessary for the fluid displacement method:
A cylindrical metal container with a siphon tube;
a tight container to act as a receiver for the fluid siphoning over from the container;
a balance, accuracy 0,3 g;
equipment for melting paraffin wax;
apparatus for water content determination according to CEN ISO/TS 17892-1;
materials: plasticine or putty and paraffin wax;
alternatively, the apparatus described in 4.2 can be used. In such case, a correction for the uplift for the cradle
shall be included in the calculations.
5 Test procedure
5.1 Linear measurement method
5.1.1 General
The principle of the method is to weigh a specimen of known volume. Three procedures are specified for preparing
the specimen. Other methods are also accepted if they provide undisturbed specimens of regular shape.
5.1.2 Specimen from block sample
5.1.2.1 At least 10 mm from the outside face of the block sample shall be cut away and an approximately
rectangular prism of soil slightly larger than the final dimensions of the specimen shall be formed. If the specimen is
to be used for some other test its shape and dimensions shall be appropriate for that test, too.
5.1.2.2 The ends of the prism shall be made plane and parallel using the mitre box, or by careful trimming and
checking with straightedge and try square on the glass plate. The test specimen may be either rectangular or
cylindrical.
5.1.2.3 For a rectangular specimen the other four faces of the prism shall be trimmed so that they are mutually
perpendicular and at right angles to the end faces. Flatness and squareness shall be accurate to within 0,5 % of
each dimension.
5.1.2.4 For a cylindrical specimen the specimen shall be placed in a soil lathe and the excess soil cut in thin
layers. The specimen shall be rotated between each cut until a cylindrical specimen is produced. The specimen
shall not be trimmed while it is being rotated. After trimming the specimen shall be moved from the lathe. It shall be
cut to the required length and the ends shall be made plane and normal to the specimen axis to within 0,5°. A split
mould may be used as a jig for this operation if of sufficient accuracy.
5.1.3 Specimen directly extruded from sample tube
5.1.3.1 End caps and wax or other protective material shall be removed from each end.
5.1.3.2 Each end of the sample shall be trimmed to give a flat surface normal to the axis of the tube.
5.1.3.3 The sample shall be extruded by using an appropriate mechanical sample extruder.
5.1.3.4 Surplus soil shall be cut off and the ends of the specimen shall be trimmed flat and perpendicular to
the specimen axis. The specimen shall be protected from loss of moisture until the specimen is ready to be tested.
5.1.4 Cylindrical specimen of smaller diameter than the sampling tube.
5.1.4.1 A thin-walled tube shall be clamped firmly in the holding jig.
5.1.4.2 The tube shall be pushed steadily at constant speed into the soil until the tube is nearly full,
maintaining alignment of the axis of the tube with the direction of motion.
5.1.4.3 The tube shall be rotated through 360° to shear the specimen
...
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