CEN/TR 14383-2:2007
(Main)Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 2: Urban planning
Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 2: Urban planning
This Technical Report gives guidelines on methods for assessing the risk of crime and/ or fear of crime and measures, procedures and processes aimed at reducing these risks.
Design guidelines are given for specific types of environments to prevent or counteract different crime problems consistently with the urban planning documents (see 4.3). Furthermore, guidelines for a step by step process are presented to involve all stakeholders (see 4.4) engaged in urban planning and environmental crime reduction as well as all other stakeholders mainly local and regional authorities and residents in the multi-agency action needed to minimise the risks of crime and fear of crime.
This Technical Report is applicable to the planning process of new, as well as existing, urban areas. An area can be the neighbourhood or environment ranging from just a few houses or streets to the whole city with a focus on public spaces.
Vorbeugende Kriminalitätsbekämpfung - Stadt- und Gebäudeplanung - Teil 2: Stadtplanung
Prévention de la malveillance - Urbanisme et conception des bâtiments - Partie 2 : Urbanisme
Le présent rapport technique donne des lignes directrices sur les méthodes d'évaluation du risque de malveillance et/ou de sentiment d'insécurité et des mesures, procédures et processus visant à réduire ces risques.
En cohérence avec l’élaboration de documents d’urbanisme, des recommandations en matière urbaine sont données pour des types d'environnements particuliers dans l'optique de prévenir différents problèmes de malveillance (voir 4.3) ou d'y remédier. Des recommandations sont également données pour la mise au point d'un processus par étapes à l'intention de toutes les parties concernées (voir 4.4) par l'urbanisme et par la réduction de la malveillance liée à l'environnement, ainsi que toutes les autres parties intéressées — principalement les autorités locales et régionales et les résidents — ce processus visant à impliquer chacun dans les démarches nécessaires aux différents échelons pour minimiser les risques de malveillance et le sentiment d'insécurité.
Le présent rapport technique s'intéresse au processus d'urbanisation, qu'il s'agisse de zones nouvelles ou de zones déjà construites. Le terme "zone" peut désigner un quartier ou un environnement de taille très variable — depuis le petit groupe de maisons ou de rues jusqu’à la ville entière. Une attention particulière sera portée dans ce document aux espaces publics.
Preprečevanje kriminala - Urbanistično planiranje in projektiranje - 2. del: Urbanistično planiranje
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 14383-2:2004
3UHSUHþHYDQMHNULPLQDOD8UEDQLVWLþQRSODQLUDQMHLQSURMHNWLUDQMHGHO
8UEDQLVWLþQRSODQLUDQMH
Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part 2: Urban planning
Vorbeugende Kriminalitätsbekämpfung - Stadt- und Gebäudeplanung - Teil 2:
Stadtplanung
Prévention de la malveillance - Urbanisme et conception des bâtiments - Partie 2 :
Urbanisme
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 14383-2:2007
ICS:
13.310
91.020
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 14383-2
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2007
ICS 13.310; 91.020 Supersedes ENV 14383-2:2003
English Version
Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design - Part
2: Urban planning
Prévention de la malveillance - Urbanisme et conception Vorbeugende Kriminalitätsbekämpfung - Stadt- und
des bâtiments - Partie 2 : Urbanisme Gebäudeplanung - Teil 2: Stadtplanung
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 July 2007. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 325.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 14383-2:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 Preliminary questions: the area, its crime problems and the stakeholders.9
5 Urban Planning and Design Guidelines .18
6 Process to prevent and reduce crime and fear of crime by urban planning and
management.22
Annex A (informative) Crime Assessment – Examples of elements to take into account .29
A.1 Introduction.29
A.2 Risk assessment: three general aspects .29
A.3 Specific risk assessment factors for six types of crime and for fear of crime .30
Annex B (informative) Crime review - Problem identification in an existing area.34
Annex C (informative) Fear of crime.36
C.1 Introduction.36
C.2 Factors which characterise an "unsafe location":.36
C.2.1 Fear generating activities .36
C.2.2 Vandalism and bad maintenance.36
C.3 Problematic urban design.37
C.3.1 Lack of control .37
C.3.2 Isolation - lack of visibility by others.37
C.3.3 Lack of orientation and alternative routes .37
Annex D (informative) Safety audit framework of an urban project.38
D.1 The basic principles .38
D.2 Urban planning strategies .39
D.2.1 Taking into account the existing social and physical structures.39
D.2.2 Guaranteeing accessibility and avoiding enclaves.39
D.2.3 Creating vitality (blending functions and attractive layout).40
D.2.4 Providing mixed status (blending socio-economic groups, avoiding isolation and
segregation) .40
D.2.5 Creating adequate urban density to allow vitality and natural surveillance .40
D.2.6 Avoiding physical barriers (due to infrastructures etc.) and waste land.40
D.3 Urban design strategies.41
D.3.1 Layout (continuity of urban fabric and pedestrian and bicycle routes).41
D.3.2 Specific location of activities .41
D.3.3 Time schedules coordination to guarantee continuous natural surveillance.41
D.3.4 Visibility (overview, sight lines between e.g. dwellings and public space, lighting, etc.) .41
D.3.5 Accessibility (orientation, space to move, alternatives routes, limiting access for non-
authorized people).42
D.3.6 Territoriality (human scale, clear public/private zoning, compartmentalization) .42
D.3.7 Attractiveness (colour, material, lighting, noise, smell, street furniture) .43
D.3.8 Robustness (materials e.g. street furniture, fences).43
D.4 Management strategies.43
D.4.1 Target hardening/removal.43
D.4.2 Maintenance .43
D.4.3 Surveillance (patrolling, camera monitoring).44
D.4.4 Rules (for conduct of the public in public spaces).44
D.4.5 Providing infrastructures for particular groups.44
D.4.6 Communication (of preventive messages and rules of conduct for the public) .45
Bibliography.46
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 14383-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 325 “Prevention
of crime by urban planning and building design”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes ENV 14383-2:2003.
The status of Technical Report (CEN/TR) was proposed to give all countries the opportunity to compare
experiences and to harmonise procedures.
This Technical Report is one of a series for the “Prevention of crime - Urban planning and building design”,
that consists of the following Parts:
Part 1: Definition of specific terms
Part 2: Urban planning
Part 3: Dwellings
Part 4: Shops and offices
Introduction
Preliminary declaration
This Technical Report is based on the principles contained in the following statement:
We should contribute to an interdependent urban development and not generate privilege yet isolated areas,
which by way of consequence could become exclusion area. The buildings should be integrated in the city
and urban fabric.
We should ban any approach that take into account the security of property and not of persons, because this
approach tends to generate security to the profit of groups and not of the population as a whole.
Indeed, solutions based on the development of safer areas within and opposed to the outer world perceived
as a source of insecurity will lead to exclusion and enclosure. Social life, respect for public freedom, exchange
and friendliness are not taken into account. These solutions most of the time involve discrimination through
money and through investment and operation costs that are not accessible to everybody.
Crime and fear of crime as major problems
The European Urban Charter asserts the basic right for citizens of European towns to "a secure and safe town
free, as far as possible, from crime, delinquency and aggression". This basic right to a safe community has
been enshrined into many national and local crime reduction programs all over Europe.
1)
The final declaration of an International Conference organised by the Council of Europe's Congress of Local
and Regional Authorities of Europe (CLRAE; Erfurt 26.-28. February 1997) stated: "that crime, fear of crime
and urban insecurity in Europe are major problems affecting the public and that finding satisfactory solutions
for them is one of the main keys to civic peace and stability".
The first recommendation from this conference was that local and regional authorities in Europe develop
integrated crime reduction action plans, with continuing public involvement, in which crime reduction is
included as a policy in all aspects of the responsibilities of local authorities. Such a plan should define the
nature and type of crime to be tackled, objectives, timetable, proposals for action and be based on a wide
ranging up-to-date survey of statistics and diagnosis of crime.
In this respect the CLRAE conference in Erfurt also stressed the importance to promote collaboration between
the police and professional designers and ensure that police officers are specially trained to advise on the
relationship between crime and the built environment.
1)
Crime and Urban insecurity: the role and responsibilities of local and regional authorities.
Crime prevention and fear reduction by urban planning and building design
The Justice and Home Affairs council of the European Union (meeting 15-03-2001) agreed politically on the
conclusion of the EU experts Conference “Towards a knowledge-based strategy to prevent crime” (Sundsvall,
Sweden, 21.-23. February 2001). This conference concluded that "Crime Prevention Through Environmental
Design (CPTED), or Designing out Crime (DOC), has proven to be a useful, effective, very concrete and
feasible strategy to prevent crime and feelings of insecurity, integrated in a multidisciplinary approach. Best
practices regarding CPTED/DOC should be collected, evaluated and made accessible for stakeholders. This
process should utilise a common framework of concepts and processes, and transferable principles should be
identified".
This conference also underlined "as regards prevention of the fear of crime, that the fear of crime should be
viewed and treated as a social problem in its own right".
Statements and recommendations about the collaboration between environmental design/planning specialists
and crime experts are becoming more and more common nowadays in European countries. These statements
and recommendations are based on assumptions regarding the inter-relationships between the physical
environment and human behaviour. It is obvious that the results of urban planning and architecture do
influence the choice of conduct and choice of routes of all people (young/old, woman/man, potential
offender/potential victim).
Hence urban planning also has an impact on crime and fear of crime by influencing the conduct and attitudes
of e.g.:
offenders;
formal guardians such as police;
informal guardians such as residents surveying an environment;
potential victims (and/or targets) of crime or victims of fear of crime.
A great number of experiments have shown that particular types of crime can be reduced by modifying the
opportunity for crime in the built environment. Moving the night-time tavern crowd away from vacant
storefronts after closing time will inevitably reduce the number of burglaries and vanda
...
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