prEN 1097-1
(Main)Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval)
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval)
This document specifies the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determining the resistance to wear of coarse aggregates (main text) and aggregates for railway ballast (Annex A). Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the relevant reference method has been established.
This document applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates.
The reference test is performed with the addition of water. Annex B gives details of how the test can be performed without the addition of water.
Annex C specifies the test performed with alternative narrow size fractions.
Annexes D and E specify methods for determining the wear of fine aggregates.
Precision data are given in Annex F.
Annex A is normative and Annexes B, C, D, E and F are informative.
WARNING – The use of this part of EN 1097 can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment (such as dust, noise and heavy lifts). It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior to application of this document, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.
Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschleiß (Micro-Deval)
Dieses Dokument legt das für die Erstprüfung und in Streitfällen anzuwendende Referenzverfahren für die Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschleiß von groben Gesteinskörnungen (Haupttext) und von Gesteinskörnungen für Gleisschotter (Anhang A) fest. Für andere Zwecke, speziell im Rahmen der werkseigenen Produktionskontrolle, können andere Verfahren angewendet werden, sofern ein ausreichender Zusammenhang zum relevanten Referenzverfahren nachgewiesen wurde.
Dieses Dokument gilt für natürliche, künstliche oder wiederverwendbare Gesteinskörnungen.
Die Referenzprüfung wird mit Zugabe von Wasser durchgeführt. Anhang B enthält detaillierte Angaben zur Durchführung des Prüfverfahrens ohne Zugabe von Wasser.
Anhang C legt die Prüfung fest, die mit alternativen engen Kornklassen durchgeführt wird.
Anhang D und Anhang E legen Verfahren für die Bestimmung des Verschleißes feiner Gesteinskörnungen fest.
Präzisionsdaten sind in Anhang F angegeben.
Anhang A ist normativ und Anhang B, Anhang C, Anhang D, Anhang E und Anhang F sind informativ.
WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieses Teils von EN 1097 kann den Einsatz gefährlicher Materialien, Verfahrensschritte oder Gerätschaften (wie Staub, Lärm und Hebezeuge) umfassen. Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, auf alle Sicherheits- oder Umweltprobleme hinzuweisen, die mit seiner Anwendung verbunden sind. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, vor der Anwendung geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesundheitsschutz des Personals sowie für den Umweltschutz zu ergreifen und dafür Sorge zu tragen, dass behördliche und gesetzliche Anforderungen eingehalten werden.
Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques des granulats — Partie 1 : détermination de la résistance à l'usure (micro-Deval)
Le présent document spécifie la méthode de référence utilisée pour les essais de type initiaux et, en cas de litige, pour la détermination de la résistance à l’usure des gravillons (texte principal) et des granulats de ballast de chemin de fer (Annexe A). D’autres méthodes peuvent être utilisées à d’autres fins, telles que le contrôle de la production en usine, à condition qu’une relation de travail appropriée ait été établie avec la méthode de référence pertinente.
Le présent document s’applique aux granulats naturels, artificiels ou recyclés.
L’essai de référence est réalisé en ajoutant de l’eau. L’Annexe B fournit des détails sur la manière d’effectuer l’essai sans ajouter d’eau.
L’Annexe C décrit donne d’autres possibilités de classes granulaires pour la réalisation de l’essai
Les Annexes D et E spécifient les méthodes de détermination de l’usure des -sables.
Les données de fidélité sont fournies à l’Annexe F.
L’Annexe A est normative et les Annexes B, C, D, E et F sont informatives.
AVERTISSEMENT – L’utilisation de cette partie de l’EN 1097 peut impliquer des matières, des opérations et des équipements dangereux (par exemple, poussière, bruit et levage de charges lourdes). Elle n’a pas pour vocation de traiter tous les problèmes de sécurité ou d’environnement associés à son utilisation. Il incombe aux utilisateurs du présent document de prendre les mesures appropriées pour garantir la sécurité et la santé du personnel et de l’environnement avant la mise en application de ce document, et de respecter les exigences légales et réglementaires à cet effet.
Preskusi mehanskih in fizikalnih lastnosti agregatov - 1. del: Določevanje odpornosti proti obrabi (mikro Deval)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1097-1:2021
01-maj-2021
Preskusi mehanskih in fizikalnih lastnosti agregatov - 1. del: Določevanje
odpornosti proti obrabi (mikro Deval)
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of the
resistance to wear (micro-Deval)Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen
- Teil 1: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschleiß (Micro-Deval)Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques des granulats —
Partie 1 : détermination de la résistance à l'usure (micro-Deval)Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1097-1
ICS:
91.100.15 Mineralni materiali in izdelki Mineral materials and
products
oSIST prEN 1097-1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1097-1:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1097-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2021
ICS 91.100.15 Will supersede EN 1097-1:2011
English Version
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates
- Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-
Deval)
Essais pour déterminer les caractéristiques Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische
mécaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 1 : Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 1:
détermination de la résistance à l'usure (micro-Deval) Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschleiß
(Micro-Deval)This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 154.If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1097-1:2021 E
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Contents Page
European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Principle ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
6 Preparation of test portion .......................................................................................................................... 9
7 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 10
8 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................... 10
9 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
9.1 Required data ................................................................................................................................................ 11
9.2 Optional data ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Annex A (normative) Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval) of railway
ballast ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
A.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
A.2 Principle .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
A.3 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
A.4 Preparation of the test portion ............................................................................................................... 12
A.5 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 13
A.6 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................... 13
Annex B (informative) Determination of micro-Deval coefficient in the dry condition .................... 14
B.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 14
B.2 Preparation of the test specimens ......................................................................................................... 14
B.3 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 14
B.4 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................... 14
B.5 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
Annex C (informative) Alternative narrow range classification for the micro-Deval test ................ 15
Annex D (informative) Test method for the determination of the abrasion coefficient of fine
aggregates, 0,25/5,6 mm ........................................................................................................................... 16
D.1 Principle .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
D.2 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
D.3 Preparation of test portion ....................................................................................................................... 16
D.4 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 17
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D.5 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................... 17
D.6 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
D.7 Precision data ................................................................................................................................................ 18
Annex E (informative) Test method for the determination of the friability coefficient of fine
aggregates, 0,2/2 mm (or 0,2/4 mm) .................................................................................................... 19
E.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
E.2 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
E.3 Preparation of test portion and abrasive charge .............................................................................. 20
E.3.1 Test portion .................................................................................................................................................... 20
E.3.2 Abrasive charge ............................................................................................................................................. 20
E.4 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 20
E.5 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................... 20
E.6 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
E.7 Precision data ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Annex F (informative) Precision ............................................................................................................................ 22
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 23
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European foreword
This document (prEN 1097-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154
“Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1097-1:2011.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) The European foreword, the Scope, the Terms and definitions and the Test report content have been
updated according to the current rules;b) Normative references has been extended with EN 933-2;
c) The definition of M or M has been added in Clause 3;
DE DE,RB
d) The description of the micro-Deval apparatus has been clarified in Clause 5. Two optional apparatus,
a gauge and a magnet, have been added;e) In the test procedure, amount of water is expressed in mass instead of volume. Subsequently,
EN ISO 4788 Laboratory glassware has been deleted from Clause 2, Graduated glass cylinder has been
deleted from Clause 5 Apparatus, and B.2 Apparatus has been deleted;f) Annex A has been completed to contain full text, not only the clauses expressing additions or
modifications to main text clauses. Formula (A.1) has been changed;g) New informative Annexes D and E have been added and specify methods for determination of the
wear of fine aggregates.In addition, the Principle and Annex C have been simplified and the Bibliography has been supplemented.
This document forms part of a series of tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Test
methods for other properties of aggregates are covered by the following European Standards:
— EN 932 (all parts), Tests for general properties of aggregates— EN 933 (all parts), Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates
— EN 1367 (all parts), Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates
— EN 1744 (all parts), Tests for chemical properties of aggregates
— EN 13179 (all parts), Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures
The other parts of EN 1097 include:
— Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation
— Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids
— Part 4: Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler
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— Part 5: Determination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven
— Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption
— Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler — Pyknometer method
— Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value
— Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres — Nordic test
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1 Scope
This document specifies the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute, for
determining the resistance to wear of coarse aggregates (main text) and aggregates for railway ballast
(Annex A). Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided
that an appropriate working relationship with the relevant reference method has been established.
This document applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates.The reference test is performed with the addition of water. Annex B gives details of how the test can be
performed without the addition of water.Annex C specifies the test performed with alternative narrow size fractions.
Annexes D and E specify methods for determining the wear of fine aggregates.
Precision data are given in Annex F.
Annex A is normative and Annexes B, C, D, E and F are informative.
WARNING – The use of this part of EN 1097 can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment
(such as dust, noise and heavy lifts). It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate
measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior to application of this
document, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples
EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 5: Common equipment and calibration
EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution
- Sieving methodEN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution
- Test sieves, nominal size of aperturesISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings — Balls — Part 1: Steel balls
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
3.1
test portion
d /D
0 0
sample used as a whole in a single test
3.2
test specimen
sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a
property3.3
laboratory sample
sample intended for laboratory testing
3.4
constant mass
mass determined by successive weighings performed at least 1 h apart and not differing by more than
0,1 %Note 1 to entry: In many cases, constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a pre-
determined period in a specified oven at (110 ± 5) °C. Test laboratories can determine the time required to achieve
constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used.
3.5micro-Deval coefficient
M or M
DE DE,RB
coefficient expressing the wear after completion of the test as the percentage of the test portion mass
passing the 1,6 mm sieve4 Principle
A test sample of a single-sized aggregate, 10 mm to 14 mm, is rotated together with steel balls and water
in a steel drum. The contents roll within the drum with an abrading action. After the specified number of
revolutions, the contents are removed from the drum and the aggregate portion is sieved on the 1,6 mm
sieve.The micro-Deval coefficient expresses the wear as the percentage by mass passing the 1,6 mm sieve.
NOTE A lower value of the micro-Deval coefficient indicates a better resistance to wear.
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5 Apparatus
Unless otherwise stated, all apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.
5.1 General apparatus5.1.1 Equipment for reducing laboratory samples, as specified in EN 932-2.
5.1.2 Balance, capable of weighing both the test specimen and the charge to an accuracy of 0,1 % of
the mass of the test specimen.5.1.3 Test sieves, 1,6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 14 mm, which shall conform to
EN 933-2.5.1.4 Ventilated oven, controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C.
5.1.5 Washing equipment.
5.2 Additional apparatus required for the determination of the micro-Deval coefficient
5.2.1 Micro-Deval apparatus, comprising the following essential parts.NOTE An example of an apparatus that has been found to be satisfactory is shown in Figure 1.
Key1 drums 5 flexible coupling
2 electric motor and reduction gearing 6 drive wheel
3 fixed shaft 7 cross section of a drum
4 frame
Figure 1 — Typical micro-Deval apparatus
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5.2.1.1 Hollow drums, made of stainless steel at least 3 mm thick and closed at one end. They shall be
closed by flat lids at least 8 mm thick and fitted with watertight and dust tight seals.
The drums shall have an internal diameter of (200 ± 1) mm and an internal length measured from the
base to the inside of the lid of (154 ± 1) mm. The inner surface of the drums shall be free of protrusions
resulting from welding or the method of attachment.The drums shall be placed on two fixed shafts which rotate about a horizontal axis.
5.2.1.2 Abrasive charge, consisting of steel balls complying with ISO 3290-1 (10,0 ± 0,5) mm in
diameter.NOTE 1 The lower limit of deviation is a working tolerance limit.
NOTE 2 The diameter of the balls can be checked quickly by passing them over parallel bars 9,5 mm apart.
NOTE 3 A hardness of the steel balls between HRC 52 and HRC 67 is suitable.5.2.1.3 Motor, imparting a rotational speed to the drums of (100 ± 5) r/min.
NOTE A motor capacity of about 1 kW is suitable.
5.2.1.4 Revolution counter, which will automatically stop the motor after the specified number of
revolutions.5.2.2 Gauge (optional), to control minimum ball size, fitted with slots 9,5 ± 0,5 mm.
5.2.3 Magnet (optional), for removal of the steel balls from the aggregate test specimen after abrasion.
6 Preparation of test portionThe test portion shall consist of two test specimens, each having a mass of (500 ± 3) g.
NOTE 1 A test specimen of normal weight aggregates comprises about 250 particles.
NOTE 2 Alternative size fractions for certain end uses are specified in Annex C. Testing other size fractions can
produce results different from those obtained using the 10/14 mm size fraction.The test shall be carried out on aggregate passing the 14 mm sieve and retained on the 10 mm sieve. In
addition, the grading of the test portion shall comply with at least one of the following requirements:
a) between 30 % and 40 % passing a 11,2 mm sieve; orb) between 60 % and 70 % passing a 12,5 mm sieve.
Sieve the laboratory sample using the 10 mm, 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 14 mm sieves to give separate
fractions in the range 10 mm to 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) to 14 mm.
Wash each fraction on the sieve defining the lower limit of the size fraction. Dry the fraction
...
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