EN 350:2016
(Main)Durability of wood and wood-based products - Testing and classification of the durability to biological agents of wood and wood-based materials
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Testing and classification of the durability to biological agents of wood and wood-based materials
This European Standard gives guidance on methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood and wood-based materials against biological wood-destroying agents.
The methods can be applied either to individual wood species, batches of wood and processed wood-based materials, including heat-treated, preservative-treated wood and modified wood. However, this standard is not intended to replace testing of the efficacy of biocides.
The wood-destroying agents considered in this standard are:
— wood-decay fungi (basidiomycete and soft-rot fungi);
— beetles capable of attacking dry wood;
— termites;
— marine organisms capable of attacking wood in service.
Data on the biological durability of selected wood species considered of economic importance in European countries are presented in Annex B (informative), which also provides information relating to their geographical origin, density, sapwood width and treatability.
NOTE Treatability, durability to disfiguring fungi, permeability to water and performance in use of wood and wood-based materials are also important issues. However, because standardized methods aiming to assess and classify these factors do not exist and/or have not been extensively experienced yet, preliminary guidance is given in Annex C (informative) for the classification of wood treatability with aqueous wood preservatives, Annex D (informative) for the classification of the permeability to water, Annex E (informative) for the durability to disfiguring fungi, and Annex F (informative) for the classification of performance.
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Prüfung und Klassifikation der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten gegen biologischen Angriff
Diese Europäische Norm gibt eine Anleitung zu Verfahren für die Bestimmung und Klassifizierung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten gegen einen Befall durch biologische, Holz zerstörende Organismen.
Die Verfahren können sowohl bei einzelnen Holzarten, Holzlosen als auch bei verarbeiteten Holzprodukten angewendet werden; eingeschlossen sind thermisch behandeltes Holz, mit Holzschutzmitteln behandeltes Holz und modifiziertes Holz. Diese Norm ist jedoch nicht zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit von Bioziden vorgesehen.
Zu den in dieser Norm betrachteten Holz zerstörenden Organismen zählen:
— Holzfäule-Pilze (Basidiomyceten und Moderfäuleerreger);
— Käfer, die trockenes Holz befallen können;
— Termiten;
— marine Organismen, die verbautes Holz befallen können.
Daten zur biologischen Dauerhaftigkeit ausgewählter Holzarten mit wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung in europäischen Ländern sind in Anhang B (informativ) dargestellt; darin enthalten sind auch Angaben zur geographischen Herkunft, Rohdichte, Splintholzbreite und Tränkbarkeit.
ANMERKUNG Tränkbarkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit gegen Holz verfärbende Pilze, Wasserdurchlässigkeit und die Leistungsfähigkeit im Gebrauch von Holz und Holzprodukten sind ebenfalls wichtige Fragen. Da es jedoch keine genormten Verfahren gibt, die darauf abzielen, diese Faktoren zu bewerten und zu klassifizieren und/oder bis jetzt noch keine hinreichenden Erfahrungen vorliegen, gibt Anhang C (informativ) eine vorläufige Anleitung zur Klassifizierung der Tränkbarkeit von Holz mit wässrigen Holzschutzmitteln, Anhang D (informativ) zur Klassifizierung der Wasserdurchlässigkeit, Anhang E (informativ) zur Dauerhaftigkeit gegen Holz verfärbende Pilze und Anhang F (informativ) zur Klassifizierung der Leistungsfähigkeit.
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Méthodes d'essai et de classification de la durabilité vis-à-vis des agents biologiques du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois
Trajnost lesa in lesnih izdelkov - Preskušanje in razvrstitev trajnosti lesa in lesnih izdelkov proti biološkim agensom
Ta evropski standard podaja smernice za metode določevanja in razvrstitve trajnosti lesa proti biološkim agensom, ki uničujejo les, ter njegove propustnosti vode in učinkovitosti uporabe.
Metode se lahko uporabljajo za posamezne vrste lesa, šarže lesa in lesne izdelke.
Ta standard ni namenjen za preskušanje učinkovitosti biocidov.
Ta standard obravnava naslednje agense, ki uničujejo les:
– glive, ki uničujejo les (odprtotrosnice in glive, ki povzročajo mehko trohnenje);
– hrošči, ki lahko napadejo suh les;
– termiti;
– morski organizmi.
Podatki o biološki trajnosti izbranih vrst lesa, ki so v evropskih državah obravnavane kot pomembne, so navedeni v dodatku B (informativni), ki vključuje tudi informacije v zvezi z njihovim geografskim izvorom, gostoto, širino beljave in možnostmi impregnacije.
OPOMBA 1: Smernice glede razvrstitve trajnosti, ustrezne za posamezen razred uporabe, so podane v standardu EN 460.
OPOMBA 2: Dodatek C (informativni) določa metodologijo, ki omogoča razvrstitev možnosti impregnacije lesa.
Trajnost lesa je pomemben dejavnik, ki vpliva na življenjsko dobo lesnega izdelka. Ta standard vključuje podatke o predvideni življenjski dobi lesa in lesnih izdelkov, saj razvršča trajnost proti organizmom, ki uničujejo les, za različne vrste lesa, ter tako omogoča, da se za posamezen razred uporabe izberejo vrste z ustrezno trajnostjo. Vendar treba je poudariti, da ocena biološke trajnosti vrst lesa iz dodatka B ne pomeni nobenega jamstva za učinkovitost posameznih vrst lesa pri njihovi uporabi.
OPOMBA 3: Obstajajo številni drugi dejavniki, ki vplivajo na življenjsko dobo lesnega izdelka, kot so načela dobre zasnove, pogoji uporabe, podnebje, vzdrževanje (itd.), ki jih je treba upoštevati.
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 350:2016 - published by CEN - provides standardized guidance for testing and classification of the durability of wood and wood‑based products to biological agents. The standard covers methods applicable to individual wood species, batches and processed wood‑based materials (including heat‑treated, preservative‑treated and modified wood). EN 350:2016 is intended to support species selection and service‑life input, but it is not a replacement for biocide efficacy testing.
Key topics
- Scope of biological agents: covers durability to wood‑decay fungi (basidiomycetes and soft‑rot), dry‑wood attacking beetles, termites and marine organisms (marine borers).
- Sampling and specimen preparation: guidance on sampling logs, sawn timber, sets of wood and wood‑based materials to obtain representative test material.
- Principles of testing and classification: standardized approaches for laboratory and field methods to determine inherent biological durability and to classify results into durability classes.
- Special materials: applicability to heat‑treated, preservative‑treated and modified wood, plus wood‑based composites and panels.
- Informative data and guidance:
- Annex B: biological durability data for economically relevant European wood species, with information on geographical origin, density, sapwood width and treatability.
- Annex C–F: preliminary guidance on treatability with aqueous preservatives, permeability to water, durability to disfiguring fungi and performance classification.
- Terminology: definitions for terms such as sapwood, heartwood, treatability and modified wood to ensure consistent interpretation.
Applications and users
EN 350:2016 is practical for:
- Timber and wood‑product manufacturers assessing material suitability for intended end‑uses.
- Preservative producers and treatment facilities verifying treatability considerations.
- Test laboratories performing durability assessments and classification.
- Architects, specifiers and engineers selecting appropriate species or treated products for durable in‑service performance.
- Regulators, certification bodies and purchasers developing specifications, procurement criteria or service‑life prediction models.
The standard helps users avoid over‑specification, choose species or treatments appropriate to exposure conditions and integrate biological durability data into maintenance and design decisions. It also emphasizes that service life depends on many factors (design, use conditions, climate, maintenance) beyond inherent durability.
Related standards (indicative)
EN 350:2016 references and complements other CEN/ISO methods frequently used in wood durability testing, for example:
- CEN/TS 15083‑1/2 (natural durability test methods - basidiomycetes, soft‑rot)
- EN 252 (field test – ground contact)
- EN 275, EN 117 (marine and termite test methods)
- EN 13556 (timber nomenclature)
- EN 16449 (biogenic carbon calculation)
Keywords: EN 350:2016, durability of wood, wood durability testing, biological agents, wood‑based products, fungi, termites, beetles, marine borers, treatability, service life.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Trajnost lesa in lesnih izdelkov - Preskušanje in razvrstitev trajnosti lesa in lesnih izdelkov proti biološkim agensomDauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Prüfung und Klassifikation der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten gegen biologischen AngriffDurabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Méthodes d'essai et de classification de la durabilité vis-à-vis des agents biologiques du bois et des matériaux dérivés du boisDurability of wood and wood-based products - Testing and classification of the durability to biological agents of wood and wood-based materials79.040Les, hlodovina in žagan lesWood, sawlogs and sawn timberICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 350:2016SIST EN 350:2017en,fr,de01-februar-2017SIST EN 350:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 350-2:1995SIST EN 350-1:19951DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 350
August
t r s x ICS
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u w ræ sã s { { vá EN
u w ræ tã s { { vEnglish Version
Durability of wood and woodæbased products æ Testing and classification of the durability to biological agents of wood and woodæbased materials Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois æ Méthodes d 5essai et de classification de la durabilité visæàævis des agents biologiques du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten æ Prüfung und Klassifikation der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten gegen biologischen Angriff This European Standard was approved by CEN on
s z June
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey andUnited Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
u w rã t r s x ESIST EN 350:2017
Example of scheme for sampling heartwood . 16 A.1 Logs . 16 A.2 Central boards . 17 Annex B (informative)
Guide to biological durability and treatability of wood species marketed in Europe . 18 B.1 General . 18 B.2 Wood species . 18 B.3 Sapwood/heartwood . 19 B.4 Treatability . 19 B.5 Additional notes in Tables B.1, B.2, and B.3 . 20 B.6 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) . 20 B.7 Adding new wood species or adjust data in Table B.1 . 20 Annex C (informative)
Classification of treatability with aqueous wood preservatives . 58 Annex D (informative)
Classification of permeability to water . 60 D.1 General . 60 D.2 Principles for classification of permeability to water . 60 SIST EN 350:2017
Testing durability to disfiguring fungi . 61 E.1 General . 61 E.2 Testing durability to disfiguring fungi . 61 E.3 Classification of durability to disfiguring fungi . 61 Annex F (informative)
Classification of performance . 62 F.1 General . 62 F.2 Principles of the assessment of performance . 62 F.3 Principles of the classification of performance . 63 Annex G (informative)
Form to be used for the inclusion of new data on wood species / wood-based material . 64 Bibliography . 67
5 5 < ML
10 10 < ML
15 15 < ML
30 30 < ML ML = highest of the median mass losses (in %) determined for test specimens exposed to each of the used test fungi The criteria for determining durability classes (DC), based on the CEN/TS 15083-2 are presented in Table 6. In this test, preliminary DC is based on the median of the mass loss for hardwoods or the MOE (apparent modulus of elasticity measured in 3 point bending according to EN 317) for softwoods. Table 6 — Durability classes (DC) of wood to fungal attack (soft rot) Durability class Description x value DC 1 DC 2 DC 3 DC 4 DC 5 Very durable Durable Moderately durable Slightly durable Not durable x
0,10 0,10 < x
0,20 0,20 < x
0,45 0,45 < x
0,80 x > 0,80 Hardwoods: x = median value of mass loss for timber test specimens / median value of mass loss for reference timber test specimens Softwoods: Calculate the “x value” for the test timber but using loss of MOE. Wood species known to be not durable should be used to test the virulence of fungi. Commonly, Pinus sylvestris sapwood is used for testing softwoods and Fagus sylvatica for testing hardwoods. The validity criteria of the test are given in the corresponding test method. The durability classification is based on the highest median mass loss determined for all the test specimens exposed to each of the test fungi. Additional information about the spread of individual mass loss values should be provided. If individual mass loss values are distributed over two durability classes (x and y) with at least 40 % of values being in each of them, the retained durability class should not be based on the median mass loss but expressed as falling between “x – y “. High levels of variability should be clearly mentioned in the test report, e.g. by “v” as in the example presented in Table 7. The spread of individual values can be expressed in test reports based on fitted probability density functions, as presented in Table 7. SIST EN 350:2017
5,0 2,0 < x
3,0 1,2 < x
2,0 x
1,2 x value = average life of stakes / average life of the more durable set of reference stakes SIST EN 350:2017
90 % “0 or 1” and max 10 % “2” a < 50 % “3, 4”
50 % “3, 4”
a 90 % of the test samples rated 0 or 1 and a maximum of 10 % of the test samples rated 2 and 0 % “3 and 4” NOTE 2 Durability class “DC M”, derived from a laboratory test, is of informative value only. Other parameters like population size and dynamics of occurring termites in the intended geographical region, where the wood or wood-based material will be used, need also to be evaluated. NOTE 3 So far, no standardized European methodology allowing assessing specifically the durability against drywood termites (Kalotermes flavicollis and Cryptotermes spp.) exists. 6.4 Durability to marine organisms The durability of wood and wood-based materials to attack by marine organisms shall be tested using procedures based on those described in EN 275. NOTE Durability to marine borers is best tested in geographical locations where the wood or wood-based material is intended for use to ensure their exposure to as wide a range of marine borers as can be encountered when in service. Specimens of the test wood species shall be used in place of the preservative treated wood specimens in EN 275. The reference specimens shall be Pinus sylvestris sapwood. Any other not durable species could be added for virulence control. They shall be replaced as necessary when they fail. The test shall be used to determine the time needed for the test specimens to fail. The durability of the species under test shall be classified in accordance with Table 10. Table 10 — Classes of durability of wood or wood-based materials to attack by marine organisms using tests based on EN 275 Durability class Description Results of field tests expressed as x DC D DC M DC S Durable Moderately durable Not durable x > 5,0 3 < x
5 x
3 x = average life of test specimens/average life of the more durable set of reference specimens SIST EN 350:2017
Example of scheme for sampling heartwood A.1 Logs A scheme for the cutting of laths from logs to represent the outer and inner heartwood is illustrated in Figure A.1. This also shows the cutting of the laths into test specimens. The length of the logs necessary for sampling depends on the amount of specimens required for the relevant test procedure.
Key 1 log a laths from the outer part of the heartwood b laths from the inner part of the heartwood c test specimen Figure A.1 — Sampling from logs (1) - Taking laths from the outer (a) and inner (b) part of the heartwood and cutting them into test specimens (c) SIST EN 350:2017
Key a sap b outer part c inner part d pith e test specimens Figure A.2 — Sampling from central boards. Taking laths from the outer and inner part of the heartwood and cutting them into test specimens SIST EN 350:2017
Guide to biological durability and treatability of wood species marketed in Europe B.1 General Wood is a biological material. Its natural resistance to various forms of biological attack is affected by many factors. Consequently, definitive statements about biological durability cannot be made without having accurate and comprehensive test data. However, based on the information currently available, EN 350 gives guidance on the durability of the heartwood of selected wood species to degradation by a range of organisms. The data given in the tables are based upon information drawn from various sources, including historical records, practical experience, laboratory tests, field tests and other data. Old data come from the previous version EN 350-2:1994. The omission of a species does not necessarily imply that it is unsuitable for use. A species can have been omitted because it was not considered of sufficient economic importance to be included, or because no or insufficient data were available to classify it. For fungi, two durability classifications are listed, noted as follows: X (Y). The first one is usually derived from the rating of heartwood stakes exposed half buried outdoors in soil and in some cases combined with the results of laboratory tests performed in-ground situation (soft rot test). The second one is based on the results of laboratory tests aiming to determine the resistance against basidiomycete fungi. Detailed guidance concerning the classification of wood species in relation to fungal degradation in other than ground contact situations is not given as this is a product of a complex interaction of parameters which is not fully mastered. For wood-boring beetles, different wording is used and different information recorded in Tables B.1, B.2 and B.3: — Hylotrupes appears in Table B.1 but not in Tables B.2 and B.3 because only softwood species are attacked; — The wording “beetles” is used only for tropical species (Table B.3), because only general data with regards to the resistance against wood-boring beetles may be available but not specific data on Anobium (mentioned in Tables B.1 and B.2). For termites, the classification is based on three resistance classes. However, the class M (moderately durable) is defined based on laboratory tests only, that means that wood species classified as M or S (not durable) will not necessarily perform very differently in real-use conditions. Their performance will depend on the importance of termite infestations, the termite species present and on the time of exposure. This intermediate classification is provided to help ranking wood species and selecting a wood species for a given application and given country (or area of exposure). Information on other selected characteristics of each wood species is given for the guidance of users. For end uses where durability is important, the lowest durability of the relevant classes listed for a wood species should be assumed unless specific source-related information is available. B.2 Wood species In Tables B.1 to B.4, wood species are listed alphabeticall
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 350:2016 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Durability of wood and wood-based products - Testing and classification of the durability to biological agents of wood and wood-based materials". This standard covers: This European Standard gives guidance on methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood and wood-based materials against biological wood-destroying agents. The methods can be applied either to individual wood species, batches of wood and processed wood-based materials, including heat-treated, preservative-treated wood and modified wood. However, this standard is not intended to replace testing of the efficacy of biocides. The wood-destroying agents considered in this standard are: — wood-decay fungi (basidiomycete and soft-rot fungi); — beetles capable of attacking dry wood; — termites; — marine organisms capable of attacking wood in service. Data on the biological durability of selected wood species considered of economic importance in European countries are presented in Annex B (informative), which also provides information relating to their geographical origin, density, sapwood width and treatability. NOTE Treatability, durability to disfiguring fungi, permeability to water and performance in use of wood and wood-based materials are also important issues. However, because standardized methods aiming to assess and classify these factors do not exist and/or have not been extensively experienced yet, preliminary guidance is given in Annex C (informative) for the classification of wood treatability with aqueous wood preservatives, Annex D (informative) for the classification of the permeability to water, Annex E (informative) for the durability to disfiguring fungi, and Annex F (informative) for the classification of performance.
This European Standard gives guidance on methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood and wood-based materials against biological wood-destroying agents. The methods can be applied either to individual wood species, batches of wood and processed wood-based materials, including heat-treated, preservative-treated wood and modified wood. However, this standard is not intended to replace testing of the efficacy of biocides. The wood-destroying agents considered in this standard are: — wood-decay fungi (basidiomycete and soft-rot fungi); — beetles capable of attacking dry wood; — termites; — marine organisms capable of attacking wood in service. Data on the biological durability of selected wood species considered of economic importance in European countries are presented in Annex B (informative), which also provides information relating to their geographical origin, density, sapwood width and treatability. NOTE Treatability, durability to disfiguring fungi, permeability to water and performance in use of wood and wood-based materials are also important issues. However, because standardized methods aiming to assess and classify these factors do not exist and/or have not been extensively experienced yet, preliminary guidance is given in Annex C (informative) for the classification of wood treatability with aqueous wood preservatives, Annex D (informative) for the classification of the permeability to water, Annex E (informative) for the durability to disfiguring fungi, and Annex F (informative) for the classification of performance.
EN 350:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 350:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 350-2:1994, EN 350-1:1994. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 350:2016 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 305/2011, 89/106/EEC; Standardization Mandates: M/112. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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The article discusses the European Standard EN 350:2016, which provides guidance on testing and classifying the durability of wood and wood-based materials against biological wood-destroying agents. The standard can be used for individual wood species, batches of wood, and processed wood-based materials. However, it does not replace efficacy testing of biocides. The wood-destroying agents considered in this standard include wood-decay fungi, beetles attacking dry wood, termites, and marine organisms that attack wood in service. The article also includes data on the biological durability of selected wood species, including information on their origin, density, sapwood width, and treatability. Additionally, the article mentions that while treatability, durability to disfiguring fungi, permeability to water, and performance in use are important factors, standardized methods for assessing and classifying these factors are not yet available, and preliminary guidance is provided in informative annexes.
한국어로 다음 기사를 요약해주세요: 기사 제목: EN 350:2016 - 목재와 목재 기반 제품의 내구성 - 목재와 목재 기반 재료의 생물학적 공격에 대한 내구성의 테스트와 분류 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 목재와 목재 기반 재료의 생물학적인 목재 파괴 요인에 대한 내구성을 결정하고 분류하는 방법에 대한 안내를 제공합니다. 이러한 방법은 개별 목재 종류뿐만 아니라 목재의 일괄 생산품 및 가공된 목재 기반 재료에도 적용할 수 있으며, 열처리, 방부처리된 목재 및 변형된 목재를 포함합니다. 하지만 이 표준은 비료의 효능 테스트를 대체하는 것을 의도하지 않습니다. 이 표준에서 고려하는 목재 파괴 요인은 다음과 같습니다: - 목재 부패균 (바시디오미세트균 및 연질곰팡이균) - 건조 목재를 공격할 수 있는 딱정벌레 - 테르미트 - 사용 중인 목재를 공격할 수 있는 해양 생물체 유럽 국가에서 경제적으로 중요한 선택된 목재 종의 생물학적 내구성에 대한 데이터는 부록 B(안내)에 제시되며, 그들의 지리적 기원, 밀도, 주재 목재의 폭, 처리 가능성과 관련된 정보도 제공합니다. 주석: 처리 가능성, 변형은 목재와 목재 기반 재료의 물리적 특성과 사용 중 성능 평가에 관련된 중요한 문제입니다. 그러나 이러한 요소를 평가하고 분류하기 위한 표준화된 방법이 존재하지 않거나 충분히 경험되지 않았기 때문에, 부록 C는 수용성 목재 방부처리제의 분류, 부록 D는 물 투과성의 분류, 부록 E는 유해곰팡이에 대한 내구성, 부록 F는 성능 분류에 대한 예비적인 안내를 제공합니다.
The article discusses the European Standard EN 350:2016, which provides guidance on testing and classifying the durability of wood and wood-based materials against biological wood-destroying agents. The methods outlined in the standard can be applied to different types of wood and processed wood-based materials, including those that have been heat-treated, treated with preservatives, or modified. However, it should be noted that this standard doesn't replace testing the effectiveness of biocides. The article also mentions the wood-destroying agents considered in the standard, such as wood-decay fungi, beetles, termites, and marine organisms. Additionally, there is information in Annex B about the biological durability of selected wood species in European countries, including their geographical origin, density, sapwood width, and treatability. The article concludes by noting that while treatability, durability to disfiguring fungi, permeability to water, and performance in use are important factors, standardized methods for assessing and classifying them are not widely available. However, the article provides preliminary guidance in Annex C for wood treatability, Annex D for water permeability, Annex E for durability to fungi, and Annex F for performance classification.
이 기사는 "EN 350:2016 - 목재 및 목재 기반 제품의 내구성 - 목재 및 목재 기반재의 생물학적 공격에 대한 내구성의 테스트 및 분류"에 대해 설명합니다. 이 유럽 표준은 목재 및 목재 기반재의 생물학적 목재 파괴 요소에 대한 내구성을 결정하고 분류하기 위한 방법에 대한 지침을 제공합니다. 이 방법은 개별 목재 종류, 목재 배치 및 가공된 목재 기반재에 적용할 수 있으며, 열처리된, 방부 처리된 목재 및 변형된 목재를 포함합니다. 그러나 이 표준은 생물 살균제의 효능 테스트를 대체하기 위한 것이 아닙니다. 이 표준에서 고려되는 목재 파괴 요소는 다음과 같습니다: - 목재 부패 균류 (큰균류와 연질 부패균류) - 건조 목재를 공격할 수 있는 딱정벌레 - 털벌레 - 용도에 쓰이는 목재를 공격하는 해양 생물 유럽 국가에서 경제적으로 중요한 선택된 목재 종에 대한 생물학적 내구성 데이터가 부록 B에 제시되며, 지리적 기원, 밀도, 목질 폭 및 취급성에 관한 정보도 제공됩니다. 참고로, 취급성, 변형 균류에 대한 내구성, 물의 투과성 및 목재 및 목재 기반재의 사용 성능은 또한 중요한 문제입니다. 그러나 이러한 요소를 평가하고 분류하기 위한 표준화된 방법이 아직 존재하지 않거나 충분히 경험되지 않았기 때문에, 물질에 대한 수분 목재 방부제의 취급성에 대한 분류를 위한 부록 C(참고), 물의 투과성에 대한 분류를 위한 부록 D(참고), 변형 균류에 대한 내구성에 대한 부록 E(참고), 그리고 성능 분류를 위한 부록 F(참고)에는 예비적인 지침이 제공됩니다.
記事タイトル：EN 350：2016-木材と木材製品の耐久性-木材と木材ベースの材料の生物学的要因に対する耐久性の試験と分類 記事内容：このヨーロッパ規格は、木材と木材ベースの材料の生物学的な木材破壊要因に対する耐久性を判断し、分類するための方法に関するガイダンスを提供します。 この方法は、個々の木材種、木材のバッチ、および加工された木材ベースの材料（加熱処理、防腐処理木材、修正木材を含む）に適用できます。ただし、この規格は殺生物の有効性の試験を代替するものではありません。 この規格で考慮されている木材破壊要因には、以下のものがあります。 - 木材腐朽菌（担子菌および軟腐菌） - 乾燥した木材を攻撃するビートル - シロアリ - 使用中の木材を攻撃する海洋生物 欧州諸国で経済的に重要な選択された木材種の生物学的耐久性に関するデータは、付属書B（情報）に示されており、それらの地理的出所、密度、辺材の幅、処理可能性に関する情報も提供されています。 注意：処理可能性、変形性、木材および木材ベースの材料の使い勝手、耐久性は重要な問題です。ただし、これらの要素を評価および分類するための標準化された方法が存在しないか、またはまだ広範に経験されていないため、浸漬木材防腐剤の処理可能性の分類のための付録C（情報） 、水浸透性の分類のための付録D（情報）、着色真菌に対する耐久性のための付録E（情報）、および性能の分類のための付録F（情報）で、予備的なガイダンスが提供されています。
この記事は、EUの基準であるEN 350:2016について説明しています。この基準は、木材や木材ベースの材料の生物による破壊に対する耐久性を測定し分類する方法についての指針を提供しています。 この方法は、個々の木材種、木材のバッチ、および加工された木材ベースの材料に適用することができます。ただし、この基準は生物殺菌剤の有効性テストを代替するためのものではありません。 この基準で考慮される木材破壊生物は以下の通りです： -木材腐朽菌（担子菌類およびソフトロット菌） -乾燥木を攻撃する甲虫 -シロアリ -使われる木材を攻撃する海洋生物 ヨーロッパの経済的に重要な木材種の生物的耐久性に関するデータは、付録Bに掲載されており、それには起源、密度、心材幅、処理のしやすさに関する情報も提供されています。 ただし、扱いやすさ、変形性カビに対する耐久性、水の透過性、木材および木材ベースの材料の使用性能も重要な問題です。ただし、これらの要素を評価し分類するための標準化された方法はまだ存在せず、また広く実証されていないため、水ベースの木材防腐剤に対する取り扱い性の分類のための付録C（情報提供）、水透過性に対する分類のための付録D（情報提供）、変形性カビに対する耐久性に対する付録E（情報提供）、および性能分類のための付録F（情報提供）には、仮の指針が提供されています。
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