EN 12381:2005
(Main)Health informatics - Time standards for healthcare specific problems
Health informatics - Time standards for healthcare specific problems
This document specifies a set of representational primitives and semantic relations required for an unambiguous representation of explicit time-related expressions in health informatics. This document does not introduce or force a specific ontology of time, nor does it force the use of a fixed representation scheme for such an ontology. Rather this document provides a set of principles for syntactic and semantic representation that allow the comparability of specific ontologies on time, and the exchange of time-related information that is expressed explicitly.
This document is applicable to:
1) developers of medical information systems in which the need is felt to have explicit time-related concepts for internal organization (e.g. temporal data bases, temporal reasoning systems);
2) information modellers or knowledge engineers building models for the systems mentioned in (1);
3) experts involved in the development of semantic standards on precise subdomains in health care where time-related information need to be covered, (e.g. in the study of Pathochronology, i.e. the discipline dealing with the time course of specific diseases);
4) developers of interchange formats for messages in which time-related information is embedded.
This document is not intended to be used directly for:
1) representing what is true in time;
2) reasoning about time;
3) representation of metrological time (which is covered in other standards).
Medizinische Informatik - Zeitnormen für spezifische Probleme im Gesundheitswesen
Informatique de santé - Représentation du temps dans le domaine de la santé
La présente Norme européenne définit un ensemble de primitives de représentation et de relations sémantiques
nécessaires pour une représentation nom ambiguë d�expressions relatives au temps utilisées dans le domaine
de l�informatique de santé. La présente Norme européenne ne présente pas, ni n'impose, de définition du temps
; elle n'impose pas non plus l'utilisation d'un schéma de représentation pour une telle définition. La présente
Norme européenne définit plutôt un ensemble de principes de représentation syntaxique et sémantique
permettant de comparer les définitions spécifiques du temps et d'échanger des informations relatives au temps
exprimées explicitement.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique :
1) aux concepteurs de systèmes d'information de santé dans lesquels il existe un besoin de concepts
relatifs au temps explicites à des fins d'organisation interne (par exemple, des bases de données
temporelles, des systèmes de logique temporelle) ;
2) aux personnes chargées de modéliser les informations ou aux ingénieurs cogniticiens construisant
des modèles pour les systèmes cités en (1) ;
3) aux experts impliqués dans l�élaboration de Normes sémantiques relatives à des sous-domaines
particuliers de la santé dans lesquels il est nécessaire de traiter des informations temporelles (par
exemple, l�étude de la pathochronologie, discipline traitant du déroulement de maladies spécifiques) ;
4) aux concepteurs de formats d'échange de messages comprenant des informations temporelles.
La présente Norme européenne n'a pas pour objet d'être utilisée directement pour :
1) représenter la réalité du temps ;
2) discuter sur le temps ;
3) représenter le temps en tant que mesure (sujet traité par d�autres Normes).
Zdravstvena informatika – Časovni standardi za vprašanja, specifična za zdravstveno varstvo
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 12381:2003
=GUDYVWYHQDLQIRUPDWLND±ýDVRYQLVWDQGDUGL]DYSUDãDQMDVSHFLILþQD]D
]GUDYVWYHQRYDUVWYR
Health informatics - Time standards for healthcare specific problems
Medizinische Informatik - Zeitnormen für spezifische Probleme im Gesundheitswesen
Informatique de santé - Représentation du temps dans le domaine de la santé
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12381:2005
ICS:
35.240.80 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in health care
zdravstveni tehniki technology
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12381
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2005
ICS 35.240.80 Supersedes ENV 12381:1996
English version
Health informatics - Time standards for healthcare specific
problems
Informatique de santé - Représentation du temps dans le Medizinische Informatik - Zeitnormen für spezifische
domaine de la santé Probleme im Gesundheitswesen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 January 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12381:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Explicit semantic labelling of predicational components .10
4.1 General.10
4.2 Labelling of propositional clauses.10
4.3 Labelling of temporal expressions: .10
4.4 Labelling of Basic temporal links.11
4.4.1 General.11
4.4.2 “has-occurrence”.11
4.4.3 “has-rate” .11
4.4.4 “has-frequency”.11
4.4.5 “has-duration”.11
4.5 Labelling of complex temporal links.12
4.6 Temporal comparators.12
4.6.1 General.12
4.6.2 Temporal comparators in combination with events. .13
4.6.3 Temporal comparators in combination with episodes. .14
5 Characteristics of conformance.19
5.1 Provisions for conformance specification.19
5.2 Basic guidelines.19
5.3 LSS: Level of semantic specification .20
5.3.1 LSS(0).20
5.3.2 LSS(1).20
5.3.3 LSS(3).21
5.4 LRE: level of recursive embedding of time-related information.21
5.4.1 LRE(0) .21
5.4.2 LRE(1) .21
5.4.3 LRE(2) .21
5.5 LDR: level of deictic referential complexity .21
5.5.1 LDR(0) .21
5.5.2 LDR(1) .21
LDC: level of relative deictic referential complexity .22
5.6.1 LDC(0) .22
5.6.2 LDC(1) .22
5.6.3 LDC(2) .22
5.7 LQI: level of formal rigour of temporal expressions.22
5.7.1 LQI(0).22
5.7.2 LQI(1).22
5.7.3 LQI(2).22
Annex A (informative) BNF description of the syntax used in the standard predications of this
document.23
Bibliography .24
Foreword
This document (EN 12381:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 251 “Health
informatics”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by August 2005.
This document supersedes ENV 12381:1996.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
Introduction
Time is an important variable in healthcare, and standards are needed about how to represent information
with explicit references to time. This document is a first contribution to this harmonization process, focusing on
“representation” and “explicit reference”.
Indeed, a system for Time-Standards must have as a minimum requirement the capacity to order temporal
facts (situations, events, episodes) in three major ways, independent of any specific ontology of time itself:
by relating situations to a calendar;
by relating situations to “reference” situations;
by relating events together in “before- and after-” chains.
The main reason for this threefold organization is that our everyday temporal discourse contains a variety of
expressions that only with a certain artificiality can be regimented into a uniform style of analysis.
The purpose of this document is to enhance, in a perspective of machine-machine and man-machine
communication, the generation of statements that are guaranteed to be understood unambiguously with
respect to the time-related expressions that are embedded within them.
The purpose of this document is not to develop a full-blown temporal logic, but a standardized way of
representing time-related expressions, such that all kinds of questions about the temporal organization of
situations can be answered on the basis of the information available. Nor is it the intention of the framework
presented here to provide a means to interpret the information in its original format. Interpretation of the
source information is the task of the provider of information itself. The framework presented in this document
allows information providers to express their time-related information in such a way that the intended meaning
can be unambiguously understood by a receiver.
This of course requires the use of a “restricted”, regimented model or language, allowing the disambiguation
of many time-related expressions uttered in natural language. The model (language) presented in this
document is restricted enough to allow such disambiguation for time-related expressions in “traditional”
medical language, but is not expressive enough to account for all time-related linguistic phenomena that can
be encountered in natural language.
This document provides representational tools for “explicit” time-related information. It does not allow (nor
encourage) the ad hoc interpretation of implicit temporal information. In an expression such as “diabetes since
childhood”, “since childhood” is an explicit temporal reference for the diabetes, but the implicit information
what “childhood” might mean (e.g. starting at the age of 2 years ?), is not addressed. However, the framework
presented in this document has enough expressive power to allow a specific provider of information to state
explicitly what his understanding is of “childhood”.
This document describes some conformance characteristics by means of which developers of health care
information systems can label specific modules of their systems as to the degree they are compliant with the
document. Although the framework itself does not deal with temporal reasoning, the conformance
characteristics can be used to evaluate to what level temporal reasoning is possible with the information
collected in a given system.
1 Scope
This document specifies a set of representational primitives and semantic relations required for an
unambiguous representation of explicit time-related expressions in health informatics. This document does not
introduce or force a specific ontology of time, nor does it force the use of a fixed representation scheme for
such an ontology. Rather this document provides a set of principles for syntactic and semantic representation
that allow the comparability of specific ontologies on time, and the exchange of time-related information that is
expressed explicitly.
This document is applicable to:
1) developers of medical information systems in which the need is felt to have explicit time-related
concepts for internal organization (e.g. temporal data bases, temporal reasoning systems);
2) information modellers or knowledge engineers building models for the systems
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.