EN 131-2:2010

Ladders - Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking

This European Standard specifies the general design features, requirements and test methods for portable ladders.
It does not apply to step stools or ladders for specific professional use such as firebrigade ladders, roof ladders and mobile ladders.
It does not apply to ladders used for work on or near live electrical systems or installations. For this purpose EN 61478 applies.
This European Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 131 1.
For single or multiple hinge joint ladders EN 131 4 applies.

Leitern - Teil 2: Anforderungen, Prüfung, Kennzeichnung

Diese Europäische Norm legt die allgemeinen Konstruktionsmerkmale, Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für
tragbare Leitern fest.
Er gilt nicht für Tritte oder Leitern für den besonderen beruflichen Gebrauch, wie Feuerwehrleitern, Dachleitern
und fahrbare Leitern.
Er gilt nicht für Leitern, die für Arbeiten an oder in der Nähe von elektrischen Systemen verwendet werden.
Hierfür gilt EN 61478.
ANMERKUNG Für isolierende Leitern für Arbeiten an oder in der Nähe elektrischer Anlagen im Niederspannungsbereich
unter 1 000 V Wechselspannung oder 1 500 V Gleichspannung ist EN 50528 in Vorbereitung.
Diese Europäische Norm ist in Zusammenhang mit EN 131-1 anzuwenden.
Für Ein- oder Mehrgelenkleitern gilt EN 131-4.

Échelles - Partie 2: Exigences, essais, marquage

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les caractéristiques générales de conception, les exigences et les
méthodes d’essai applicables aux échelles portables.
Elle ne s’applique pas aux marchepieds ou aux échelles à usage professionnel spécifique tels que les
échelles à incendie, les échelles de toit et les échelles escamotables.
Elle ne s’applique pas aux échelles utilisées pour effectuer des travaux sur des installations électriques ou à
proximité de circuits électriques sous tension. À cet effet, l’EN 61478 s’applique.
NOTE Pour les échelles à caractères isolants (une tension inférieure à 1 000 V c.a. ou à 1 500 V c.c.), l’EN 50528
est en préparation.
La présente norme doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’EN 131-1.
Pour les échelles articulées à articulations simple et multiple, l’EN 131-4 s’applique.

Lestve - 2. del: Zahteve, preskušanje, označevanje

Ta evropski standard določa splošne konstrukcijske značilnosti, zahteve in preskusne metode za prenosne lestve. Ne velja za stopničaste stole ali lestve za posebno profesionalno uporabo, kot so gasilske lestve, strešne lestve in premične lestve. Ne velja za lestve, ki se uporabljajo za delo na ali v bližini električnih sistemov ali napeljav pod napetostjo. Za ta namen velja EN 61478.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 22-Jun-2010
• Withdrawal Date: 22-May-2012
• ICS: 97.145 - Ladders
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 93 - Ladders
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 93/WG 10 - Revision of EN 131-2
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 23-May-2012
• Completion Date: 23-May-2012
• Directive: 2001/95/EC - Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 December 2001 on general product safety
• Mandate: M/285 - Standardization mandate to CEN relative to the safety of consumers and children: ladders
• Ref Project: SIST EN 131-2:2010 - Ladders - Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking

Relations

• Replaces: EN 131-2:1993/AC:1993 - Ladders - Requirements, testing, marking
• Effective Date: 28-Jun-2010
• Replaces: EN 131-2:1993 - Ladders - Requirements, testing, marking
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2009
• Merged Into: EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012 - Ladders - Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Amended By: EN 131-2:2010+A1:2012/FprA2 - Ladders - Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking
• Effective Date: 14-Mar-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Leitern - Teil 2: Anforderungen, Prüfung, KennzeichnungEchelles - Partie 2: Exigences, essais, marquageLadders - Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking97.145LestveLaddersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 131-2:2010SIST EN 131-2:2010en,de01-september-2010SIST EN 131-2:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 131-2:1996/AC:2001SIST EN 131-2:19961DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 131-2
June 2010 ICS 97.145 Supersedes EN 131-2:1993English Version
Ladders - Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking
Échelles - Partie 2: Exigences, essais, marquage
Leitern - Teil 2: Anforderungen, Prüfung, Kennzeichnung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 May 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 131-2:2010: ESIST EN 131-2:2010

Test sequence . 34Annex B (informative)
A-deviations . 35Bibliography . 38 SIST EN 131-2:2010

Introduction Due to the unhomogeneity of the material wood, special requirements have been appropriated on this item.
It does not apply to ladders used for work on or near live electrical systems or installations. For this purpose EN 61478 applies.
NOTE For insulating ladders for use on or near low voltage electrical installations in the range below 1000 V a.c or
1 500 V d.c. EN 50528 is under preparation.
This European Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 131-1. For single or multiple hinge joint ladders EN 131-4 applies. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 59, Glass reinforced plastics — Measurement of hardness by means of a Barcol impressor EN 131-1:2007, Ladders — Part 1: Terms, types, functional sizes EN 131-3, Ladders — Part 3: User Instructions EN 204, Classification of thermoplastic wood adhesives for non-structural applications EN 301, Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures — Classification and performance requirements EN 385, Finger jointed structural timber — Performance requirements and minimum production requirements EN 386:2001, Glued laminated timber — Performance requirements and minimum production requirements EN 391:2001, Glued laminated timber — Delamination test of glue lines EN 392, Glued laminated timber — Shear test of glue lines EN 408, Timber structures — Structural timber and glued laminated timber — Determination of some physical and mechanical properties EN 844-9:1997, Round and sawn timber — Terminology — Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 1310, Round and sawn timber — Method of measurement of features EN 61478, Live working — Ladders of insulating material (IEC 61478:2001) EN ISO 179-1, Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test (ISO 179-1:2000) SIST EN 131-2:2010

EN ISO 6892-1 of minimum 5 %. All load bearing parts made of aluminium alloy shall have a thickness of at least 1,2 mm. 4.2.2 Steel If cold rolled steel or a special alloy-steel is used the ratio between 0,2 % yield-stress and ultimate strength (Rp 0,2/Rm) shall be lower than 0,92. All load bearing parts made of steel shall have a thickness of at least 1,0 mm. 4.2.3 Plastics Glass-fibre reinforced plastics shall be protected against penetration of water and dirt. The surface shall be smooth. The fibres shall be embedded. The Barcol hardness according to EN 59 shall be at least 35. The test methods and acceptance criteria for defining the characteristics of the composite and reinforced thermoplastic materials are given in 5.16. They apply to the load-bearing elements (stiles, climbing supports, platforms) of the structure of ladders at time of use. Thermoplastic materials without reinforcements shall not be used for load bearing-elements.
The minimum thickness for load-bearing elements made of thermoset plastics and composite material is 2 mm. When using plastics materials, ageing and temperature resistance shall be taken into account. 4.2.4 Timber 4.2.4.1 Different kind of timber For stiles, stanchions, braces, rungs and steps the types of timber to be used shall have a bulk density greater than or equal to 450 kg/m3 for softwoods and 690 kg/m3 for hardwoods. The bulk density shall be measured with a moisture content of 15 %. Examples of suitable species of wood are: Softwood: Fir (Abies alba) Larch (Larix decidua) Spruce (Picea abies) Pine (Pinus sylvestris) SIST EN 131-2:2010

X X 2. Width of annual rings < 4 mm Pitch pine: < 6 mm at a bulk density of 550 kg/m3. For ring porous hardwoods < 1 mm not permitted e.g. oak (Quercus sp.), ash (Fraxinus sp.) robinia (Robinia sp.). X X 3. Slope of annual rings A deviation of the slope of annual rings from the longitudinal edges of the wood of 100 mm per 1 000 mm maximum is admissible (see Figure 2). Local deviation e. g at knot positions, are neglected. X X 4. Shakes
— splitsa
not permitted
— checksa < 100 mm length
Lightning/frost shakes, Ring shake not permitted
5. Colour
X Blue stain Permitted
X Red streakes permitted up to 25 % of the surface
X Red rot, brown rot not permitted X
Red heart of beech, brown heart of ash Permitted X
Doty wood not permitted X X 6. Reaction wood admissible until 1/5 of the cross section or of the surface X X 7. Pith not permitted X
8. Defects caused by insectsnot permitted X X 9. Mistletoe traces not permitted
X 10. Resin pockets
not continuous permitted until 4 mm width and 1,5 × width of the stiles (see Figure 3) SIST EN 131-2:2010

Continuous not permitted X X 11. Spiral grain A deviation of the grain direction from the longi-tudinal edges of the wood of not more than 50 mm per 1 000 mm, measured either with the help of shrinkage shakes or the scratching method is admissible (see Figure 4). The measurement is to be carried out in two faces perpendicular to each other. The largest deviation is decisive. In the case of rungs and steps, the grain ends, with the exception of knots, shall be at the rung or step ends. a Definitions see EN 844-9:1997 Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Admissible wane Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Admissible deviation of the slope of annual rings to the longitudinal edges Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 3 — Admissible resin pockets SIST EN 131-2:2010

Figure 4 — Admissible deviation of the grain direction related to the longitudinal edges
(spiral grain) 4.2.4.3 Knots 4.2.4.3.1 Knots in stiles and supporting elements Traversing splay knots1) are not permitted on any section of stiles or supporting elements (see Figure 5).
Figure 5 — Inadmissible knot Pin knots2) (including black pin knots) with a diameter of less than or equal to 5 mm are permitted. In the upper and lower third of the stile or supporting element, one sound, intergrown knot1), of diameter d, less than or equal to 0,2 × b (the width of the stile) is permitted per metre. The diameter of the knot is measured in accordance with EN 1310. The knot shall be a minimum of 10 mm from the edges of the stile or supporting element and a minimum of 50 mm from any rung holes, tenons and milled recesses for treads. (see Figure 6). Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 6 — Admissible knot
1) Definitions see EN 844-9:1997 2) Pin knots are knots having approximately a circular cross section SIST EN 131-2:2010

EN ISO 3834-1 to EN ISO 3834-4 have to be observed. 4.4 Surface finish In order to avoid injuries, accessible edges, corners, and protruding parts shall be free of burrs, for example chamfered or rounded. Metal parts susceptible to corrosion shall be protected by means of a paint coating or other coating. Under normal conditions aluminium alloys are not susceptible to corrosion. Wooden parts shall be smoothed and coated on all sides. The coating shall be transparent and permeable to water vapour. 4.5 Hinges (turning points) Hinges shall connect the legs of the standing rung ladders and the standing step ladders durably. Hinges shall be designed in such a manner that no abutment of the ladder parts over the hinges is formed during use of the ladder. The hinge pin shall be secured against unintentional loosening. Pins shall have at least the same strength as M 6 (5,3 mm) pins of steel 8.8. If the pin has several shearing points (piano hinge) there is no restriction as to the hinge pin diameter. The hinges shall satisfy the tests according to 5.8. 4.6 Opening restraints The legs of the standing ladders shall be prevented from opening beyond the normal use configuration by means of opening restraints. If chains are used, all chain links with the exception of the first and the last one shall be free to move. The opening restraints shall satisfy the tests according to 5.8. 4.7 Rungs/steps/platforms Rungs, steps and platforms made of metal or plastics shall have a textured surface on the working face to reduce slipping. The contact surface of the coverings shall adhere firmly to the rungs or steps. Rungs and steps shall be firmly and durably connected to the stiles. Wooden rungs shall be tenoned and mortised into the stiles and glued and wedged in the case of through tenon construction (see examples in Figure 7, 8 and 9). The minimum dimensions of wooden rungs are specified in Figure 7.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 stile 2 rung Figure 7 — Example of a concealed joint
Key 1 stile 2 rung Figure 8 — Example of an open joint
Key 1 stile 2 rung Figure 9 — Example of a concealed joint SIST EN 131-2:2010

± 1 mm for longitudinal measurements;
± 5 mm for the measurement of the distance between the supports and the overhanging length;
± 1° for the measurement of angles; SIST EN 131-2:2010

± 1 % for static forces and torque. 5.2 Strength test of stiles The test shall be carried out on the complete ladder. In the case of extending ladders and combination ladders the test shall be carried out on the complete extended ladder. Sectional ladders shall be tested at full length with all permitted pieces. The test shall be carried out without supporting legs if not permanently fixed to the ladder. Where the ascendable side cannot be determined by the construction of the product, or where it is a multiple part combination ladder the ladder shall be tested twice. For the second test the ladder shall be rotated 180° about the longitudinal axis. The ladder shall be placed horizontally on supports situated 200 mm from each end of the ladder. The supports shall be cylindrical with diameters between 25 mm and 100 mm and one shall be free to rotate the other shall be fixed. The test load shall be slowly applied in the middle of the ladder equally to both stiles over a width of 100 mm while it has to be taken care that an applying by jerks is avoided. A pre-load of 500 N shall be applied for a duration of one minute. The position of the ladder after removal of the pre-load is the origin for measurement. A test load F of 1 100 N (see Figure 10) shall be applied for a duration of one minute. The measurement shall be taken one minute after removal of the test load. The permanent deformation f of the ladder shall not exceed 0,1 % of the distance l between the support. For standing ladders the test load F shall be determined by the equation F = 2 600 N × cos α. where α = manufacturer's designed angle of use. (Permitted angle: min 60°, max. 70°). Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 10 — Strength test 5.3 Bending test of the stiles The test shall be carried out on the complete ladder. In the case of extending ladders and combination ladders the test shall be carried out on the complete extended ladder. Sectional ladders shall be tested at full length with all permitted pieces. The test shall be carried out without supporting legs if not permanently fixed to the ladder. SIST EN 131-2:2010

for ladders of length less than or equal to 5 m;  fmax = 0,043 × l − 90 mm for ladders of length more than 5 m and less than or equal to 12 m;  fmax = 0,06 × l − 294 mm for ladders of length more than 12 m. Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 11 — Bending test 5.4 Lateral deflection test of the ladder This test shall be conducted on all one-piece ladders as well as on each ascendable part of multiple-piece ladders (standing ladders, sectional ladders, combination ladders, extending ladders) and on the supporting-legs of standing rung- or step-ladders. The ladder shall be placed horizontally on supports situated 200 mm from each end of the ladder. The supports shall be cylindrical with diameters between 25 mm and 100 mm and one shall be free to rotate the other shall be fixed. The ladder shall be placed in the lateral position. A pre-load of 100 N shall be applied for the duration of one minute. The position of the ladder after removal of the pre-load is the origin for measurement. A load F of 250 N (see Figure 12) shall be applied to the lower stile equidistant from the supports. The deflection is measured equidistant from the supports 1 minute after loading. Thereby the maximum permissible deflection fmax as a function of the distance l between the supports shall be SIST EN 131-2:2010

Figure 12 — Lateral deflection test 5.5 Bottom stile ends test Place the ladder laterally, with the longitudinal axis of the ladder in the horizontal position. The lower stile is to be fixed to
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