EN ISO 15646:2016
(Main)Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2 and (U,Pu)O2 pellets (ISO 15646:2014)
Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2 and (U,Pu)O2 pellets (ISO 15646:2014)
ISO 15646:2014 describes a procedure for measuring the densification of UO2, (U,Gd)O2, and (U,Pu)O2 pellets, achieved by heat treatment under defined conditions.
The densification of fuel in power operation is an important design feature. Essentially, it is dependent on structural parameters such as pore size, spatial pore distribution, grain size, and in the case of (U,Gd)O2 and (U,Pu)O2, oxide phase structure. A thermal re-sintering test can be used to characterize the dimensional behaviour of the pellets under high temperature. The results of this test are used by the fuel designer to predict dimensional behaviour in the reactor, because thermal densification in the reactor is also dependent on these structural parameters, albeit in a differing manner in terms of quantity.
Nachsintertest für UO2-, (U,Gd)O2- und (U,Pu)O2-Pellets (ISO 15646:2014)
Test de refrittage pour pastilles UO2, (U,Gd)O2 et (U,Pu)O2 (ISO 15646:2014)
L'ISO 15646:2014 décrit un mode opératoire de mesurage de la densification de pastilles de UO2, (U,Gd)O2 et (U,Pu)O2 par traitement thermique dans des conditions définies.
La densification du combustible en réacteur est une caractéristique de conception essentielle. Elle dépend principalement de paramètres structuraux comme la taille des pores, la distribution des pores dans l'espace, la taille des grains, et dans le cas des pastilles (U,Gd)O2 et (U,Pu)O2, de la structure de la phase d'oxyde. Il est possible d'avoir recours à un test de refrittage thermique afin de caractériser le comportement dimensionnel des pastilles à haute température. Les résultats de ce test sont utilisés par le concepteur de combustible afin de prévoir le comportement dimensionnel des pastilles dans le réacteur car la densification thermique dans le réacteur dépend aussi de ces paramètres structuraux, dans des proportions différentes.
Preskus s posintranjem za pelete UO2, (U,Gd)O2 in (U,Pu)O2 (ISO 15646:2014)
Standard ISO 15646:2014 opisuje postopek za merjenje zgoščevanja peletov UO2, (U,Gd)O2 in (U,Pu)O2, doseženega s toplotno obdelavo v definiranih pogojih. Zgoščevanje goriva kot vira energije je pomembna oblikovna značilnost. V osnovi je odvisna od strukturnih parametrov, kot so velikost por, prostorska porazdelitev por, velikost zrn ter (v primeru (U,Gd)O2 in (U,Pu)O2) strukture oksidne faze. Preskus termičnega ponovnega sintranja je mogoče uporabiti za opis dimenzionalnega vedenja peletov pri visoki temperaturi. Projektant goriva uporabi rezultate tega preskusa za napovedovanje dimenzionalnega vedenja v reaktorju, saj je toplotno zgoščevanje v reaktorju odvisno tudi od teh strukturnih parametrov, čeprav v smislu količine na drugačen način.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2016
Preskus s posintranjem za pelete UO2, (U,Gd)O2 in (U,Pu)O2 (ISO 15646:2014)
Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2 and (U,Pu)O2 pellets (ISO 15646:2014)
Nachsintertest für UO2-, (U,Gd)O2- und (U,Pu)O2-Pellets (ISO 15646:2014)
Test de refrittage pour pastilles UO2, (U,Gd)O2 et (U,Pu)O2 (ISO 15646:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15646:2016
ICS:
27.120.30 Cepljivi materiali in jedrska Fissile materials and nuclear
gorivna tehnologija fuel technology
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 15646
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 27.120.30
English Version
Re-sintering test for UO2, (U,Gd)O2 and (U,Pu)O2 pellets
(ISO 15646:2014)
Test de refrittage pour pastilles UO2, (U,Gd)O2 et Nachsintertest für UO2-, (U,Gd)O2- und (U,Pu)O2-
(U,Pu)O2 (ISO 15646:2014) Pellets (ISO 15646:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 February 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15646:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO 15646:2014 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy,
nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 15646:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear
energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15646:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15646:2016 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15646
First edition
2014-06-15
Re-sintering test for UO , (U,Gd)O
2 2
and (U,Pu)O pellets
Test de refrittage pour pastilles UO , (U,Gd)O et (U,Pu)O
2 2 2
Reference number
ISO 15646:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 15646:2014(E)
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 15646:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Brief description of procedure . 1
3 Incidents. 1
4 Apparatus . 1
4.1 Equipment for measuring density . 1
4.2 Heat treatment furnace . 2
5 Reagents . 2
6 Sampling . 2
7 Procedure. 2
7.1 Density measurements before heat treatment . 2
7.2 Heat treatment . 3
7.3 Density measurements after heat treatment . 3
8 Evaluation . 3
9 Precision of the procedure . 4
10 Test report . 4
Annex A (informative) Relationship between pellet mass evolution and O/M ratio evolution .5
Bibliography . 6
ISO 15646:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 5, Nuclear fuel cycle.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15646:2014(E)
Re-sintering test for UO , (U,Gd)O and (U,Pu)O pellets
2 2 2
1 Scope
This International Standard describes a procedure for measuring the densification of UO , (U,Gd)O ,
2 2
and (U,Pu)O pellets, achieved by heat treatment under defined conditions.
The densification of fuel in power operation is an important design feature. Essentially, it is dependent
on structural parameters such as pore size, spatial pore distribution, grain size, and in the case of (U,Gd)
O and (U,Pu)O , oxide phase structure. A thermal re-sintering test can be used to characterize the
2 2
dimensional behaviour of the pellets under high temperature. The results of this test are used by the fuel
designer to predict dimensional behaviour in the reactor, because thermal densification in the reactor is
also dependent on these structural parameters, albeit in a differing manner in terms of quantity.
On the assumption of the prediction, it is necessary to correlate the results of this test by some
correlation rules, because the results of this test vastly depend on the re-sintering conditions (such as
heat treatment temperature, treatment time, gas content, and partial oxygen pressure).
2 Brief description of procedure
The density of nuclear fuel pellets is measured before the re-sintering test. Afterwards, the pellets are
subjected to heat treatment in a furnace under specified conditions with regard to temperature, time,
and sintering atmosphere. After cooling, the density is remeasured.
The oxygen/metal molar ratio should remain constant during the re-sintering test. The difference
between the two density measurements shall be used to assess the thermal stability of the pellet lot.
3 Incidents
Minor chipping can occur during pellet handling. Densities of visibly chipped pellets shall not be
measured using the geometric method, as the results will be inaccurate.
Densities of such chipped pellets can be measured using the buoyancy method.
4 Apparatus
Specifically for (U,Pu)O , all operations shall be performed in glove boxes.
4.1 Equipment for measuring density
The same method shall be used before and after the re-sintering of pellets.
In 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, two different measurement methods are mentioned as examples. Other methods can
be used if they meet the customer uncertainty requirement.
4.1.1 Geometric measurement of density
A dial test indicator or micrometer with precision of 1 µm shall be used in order to measure the diameter
and the height.
Analytical balance with readability of +1 mg for weighing the pellets.
ISO 15646:2014(E)
4.1.2 Measurement of density using buoyancy method
See ISO 3369.
4.2 Heat treatment furnace
A programmable furnace able to reach temperatures of about 1 800 °C under gas scavenging and to
hold a homogeneous temperature of the sintering area shall be used. It is advisable to use two different
thermocouples for furnace control and monitoring.
5 Reagents
5.1 Gas.
The furnace gas shall ensure a constant oxygen/heavy metal ratio. Usually, the re-sinter
...
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