CEN ISO/TS 17892-12:2004

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 12: Determination of Atterberg limits (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)

ISO/TS 17892-12:2004 specifies methods of test for the determination of the Atterberg limits of a soil. The Atterberg limits comprise the liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit. These limits are also called consistency limits. This document covers the determination of the liquid limit and the plastic limit only.
The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from a liquid to a plastic state. This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material retained on a 0,4 mm or nearest sieve has been removed, using the fall-cone method. This standard has adopted both the 60 g/60° cone and the 80 g/30° cone as it has been shown that both cones give essentially the same value of the liquid limit. Other cone devices may be adopted provided they can be shown to give results equal to those obtained from the tests described herein.
NOTE The Casagrande method is an alternative method for the determination of the liquid limit. Experience has shown that the results are subject to the performance and judgement of the operator. Moreover, the Casagrande type apparatus and test method have undergone many small but significant variations since it was first proposed by Casagrande in 1932. These variations give rise to differences in the values of the liquid limit determined from the test. The fall-cone method is the preferred method of determining the liquid limit of a soil.
The plastic limit of a soil is the lowest water content at which the soil is plastic. The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognised that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur.
The Atterberg limits are influenced by oxidation or other changes in the specimen, resulting from storing it too long or otherwise by treating it in an unsuitable way. This applies especially to quick clays, sulphide clays and organic soils.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Laborversuche an Bodenproben - Bestimmung der Konsistenzgrenzen nach Atterberg (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)

Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt Versuchsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Zustandsgrenzen von Boden. Zu den Zustandsgrenzen gehören die Fließgrenze, die Ausrollgrenze und die Schrumpfgrenze. Diese Grenzen werden auch als Zustandsgrenzen bezeichnet. Diese Technische Spezifikation behandelt nur die Bestimmung der Fließ- und Ausrollgrenze.
Die Fließgrenze ist der Wassergehalt, bei dem sich der Boden vom flüssigen zum plastischen Zustand verändert. Die Norm beschreibt die Bestimmung der Fließgrenze mit der Fallkegelmethode an natürlichem Boden oder an Bodenproben, bei denen die Körner mit einem Korndurchmesser größer 0,4 mm entfernt wurden. Die Norm lässt sowohl die Verwendung des 60 g/60°-Kegels als auch des 80 g/30°-Kegels zu, da gezeigt wurde, dass beide Kegel im Wesentlichen die gleichen Werte für die Fließgrenze ergeben. Andere Fallkegel können ebenfalls verwendet werden, vorausgesetzt, es kann nachgewiesen werden, dass sie die gleichen Ergebnisse liefern wie die Versuche, die hier beschrieben sind.
ANMERKUNG   Die Methode von Casagrande ist ein alternatives Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Fließgrenze. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Versuchsergebnisse von den Besonderheiten der Versuchsdurchführung des jeweiligen Laboranten abhängen. Darüber hinaus haben das Gerät und das Versuchsverfahren von Casagrande viele kleine, aber signifikante Veränderungen erfahren, seitdem sie zum ersten Mal von Casagrande 1932 eingeführt wurden. Diese Veränderungen führen zu Unterschieden in den Versuchsergebnissen für die Fließgrenze. Der Fallkegelversuch wird als Methode zur Bestimmung der Fließgrenze eines Bodens bevorzugt.
Die Ausrollgrenze eines Bodens ist der niedrigste Wassergehalt, bei dem sich der Boden plastisch verhält. Die Bestimmung der Ausrollgrenze wird in der Regel in Verbindung mit der Fließgrenze ausgeführt. Es ist bekannt, dass die Versuchsergebnisse auch von den Besonderheiten der Versuchsdurchführung des jeweiligen Laboranten beeinflusst werden und dass S

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de laboratoire sur les sols - Partie 12: Détermination des limites d'Atterberg (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)

L'ISO 17892-12:2004 spécifie les méthodes d'essais pour la détermination des limites d'Atterberg d'un sol.
Celles-ci sont la limite de liquidité, la limite de plasticité et la limite de retrait. Ces limites sont aussi dénommées limites de consistance. Le présent document concerne uniquement la détermination de la limite de liquidité et la limite de plasticité.
La limite de liquidité est la teneur en eau à laquelle un sol passe de l'état liquide à l'état plastique. Le présent document décrit la détermination, suivant la méthode du cône tombant, de la limite de liquidité d'une éprouvette de sol naturel, ou d'une éprouvette de sol duquel la fraction retenue sur un tamis de 0,4 mm (ou d'ouverture la plus proche) a été éliminée. Cette norme admet l'utilisation de deux cônes (60 g/60° et 80 g/30°), après qu'il ait été démontré que les deux cônes donnent essentiellement la même valeur de la limite de liquidité. D'autres dispositifs peuvent être adoptés à condition qu'il soit prouvé qu'ils donnent des résultats équivalents aux essais décrits ici.
NOTE La méthode de Casagrande est une méthode alternative pour la détermination de la limite de liquidité. L'expérience a montré que les résultats sont dépendants de l'habileté et de l'appréciation de l'opérateur. De plus, l'appareillage du type «Casagrande» et la méthode d'essai ont subi de nombreuses petites variations, mais significatives depuis la proposition initiale de Casagrande en 1932. Ces variations donnent naissance à des écarts entre les valeurs des limites de liquidité déterminées suivant les différentes versions. La méthode du cône tombant est considérée comme la méthode de référence.
La limite de plasticité d'un sol est la plus faible valeur de la teneur en eau à laquelle un sol reste plastique. La détermination de la limite de plasticité est normalement faite en parallèle avec celle de la limite de liquidité. Il est reconnu que les résultats de l'essai sont sujet à l'appréciation de l'opérateur, et qu'une certaine dispersion des résultats existe.
Les limites d'Atterberg sont influencées par l'oxydation ou les autres modifications de l'éprouvette résultant d'un entreposage trop long ou aussi de manipulations inadéquates. Ceci est particulièrement le cas des argiles sensibles, des argiles sulfatées et des sols organiques.

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje – Laboratorijsko preskušanje zemljin – 12. del: Ugotavljanje Atterbergovih meja plastičnosti (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)

Ta dokument določa preskusne metode za ugotavljanje Atterbergovih meja zemljine. Atterbergove meje vključujejo mejo židkosti, mejo plastičnosti in mejo krčenja. Te meje se imenujejo tudi meje konsistence. Ta dokument zajema le ugotavljanje meje židkosti in meje plastičnosti. Meja židkosti je vsebnost vode, pri kateri se zemljina spremeni iz tekočega v plastično stanje. Ta dokument opisuje ugotavljanje meje židkosti vzorca naravne zemljine ali vzorca zemljine, iz katerega se s konusno metodo odstrani material, ki ga zadrži sito velikosti 0,4 mm ali temu najbližje. Po tem standardu sta primerna tako konus 60 g/60° kot konus 80 g/30°, saj je bilo dokazano, da oba podajata enako vrednost meje židkosti. Primerni so tudi konusni pripomočki, če se lahko dokaže, da so rezultati enaki rezultatom, dobljenim s tukaj opisanimi preskusi. Meja plastičnosti zemljine je najnižja vsebnost vode, pri kateri je zemljina plastična. Ugotavljanje meje plastičnosti običajno poteka skupaj z ugotavljanjem meje židkosti. Priznava se, da so rezultati preskusa odvisni od presoje izvajalca, zato so rezultati nekoliko spremenljivi. Na Atterbergove meje vpliva oksidacije ali druge spremembe vzorca, do katerih pride zaradi predolgega shranjevanja ali siceršnje napačne obdelave. To velja predvsem za hitre gline, sulfidne gline in organske zemljine.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Oct-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Jul-2018
• ICS: 13.080.20 - Physical properties of soils
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 341 - Geotechnical Investigation and Testing
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 341 - Geotechnical Investigation and Testing
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Completion Date: 11-Jul-2018
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 17892-12:2004 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 12: Determination of Atterberg limits (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)

Relations

• Replaced By: EN ISO 17892-12:2018 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 12: Determination of liquid and plastic limits (ISO 17892-12:2018)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Corrected By: CEN ISO/TS 17892-12:2004/AC:2005 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 12: Determination of Atterberg limits (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2004
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH±/DERUDWRULMVNRSUHVNXãDQMH]HPOMLQ±
GHO8JRWDYOMDQMH$WWHUEHUJRYLKPHMDSODVWLþQRVWL,6276
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 12:
Determination of Atterberg limits (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Laborversuche an Bodenproben -
Bestimmung der Konsistenzgrenzen nach Atterberg (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de laboratoire sur les sols - Partie 12:
Détermination des limites d'Atterberg (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TS 17892-12:2004
ICS:
13.080.20 Fizikalne lastnosti tal Physical properties of soils
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN ISO/TS 17892-12
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
October 2004
ICS 13.080.20; 93.020
English version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of
soil - Part 12: Determination of Atterberg limits (ISO/TS 17892-
12:2004)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais de sol Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
au laboratoire - Partie 12: Détermination des limites Laborversuche an Bodenproben - Bestimmung der
d'Atterberg (ISO/TS 17892-12:2004) Konsistenzgrenzen nach Atterberg (ISO/TS 17892-
12:2004)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 2 February 2004 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 17892-12:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Apparatus .6
4.1 General.6
4.2 Liquid limit equipment .7
4.3 Plastic limit equipment.9
5 Test method.9
5.1 Specimen preparation .9
5.2 Determination of liquid limit by fall-cone method.10
5.3 Determination of plastic limit .12
6 Test results.13
6.1 Initial dry mass.13
6.2 Dry mass retained on 0,4 mm (or nearest) sieve.13
6.3 Liquid limit.13
7 Test report .15
Bibliography .16

Figures
Figure 1 — Example of fall cone equipment.8
Figure 2 — Fall cone.9
Figure 3 — Example or report .14

Tables
Table 1 — Cone penetration requirements .11

Foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TS 17892-12:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical investigation and testing”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics”.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN ISO/TS 17892 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Laboratory testing of soil:
 Part 1: Determination of water content.
 Part 2: Determination of density of fine-grained soil.
 Part 3: Determination of particle density - Pycnometer method.
 Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution.
 Part 5: Incremental loading oedometer test.
 Part 6: Fall cone test.
 Part 7: Unconfined compression test of fine-grained soils.
 Part 8: Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test.
 Part 9: Consolidated triaxial compression tests an water saturated soils.
 Part 10: Direct shear tests.
 Part 11: Permeability tests.
 Part 12: Determination of Atterberg limits.
Introduction
This document covers areas in the international field of geotechnical engineering never previously standardised. It
is intended that this document presents broad good practice throughout the world and significant differences with
national documents is not anticipated. It is based on international practice (see [1]).
1 Scope
This document specifies methods of test for the determination of the Atterberg limits of a soil. The Atterberg limits
comprise the liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit. These limits are also called consistency limits. This
document covers the determination of the liquid limit and the plastic limit only.
The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from a liquid to a plastic state. This document describes
the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material
retained on a 0,4 mm or nearest sieve has been removed, using the fall-cone method. This standard has adopted
both the 60 g/60° cone and the 80 g/30° cone as it has been shown that both cones give essentially the same
value of the liquid limit. Other cone devices may be adopted provided they can be shown to give results equal to
those obtained from the tests described herein.
NOTE  The Casagrande method is an alternative method for the determination of the liquid limit. Experience has shown that
the results are subject to the performance and judgement of the operator. Moreover, the Casagrande type apparatus and test
method have undergone many small but significant variations since it was first proposed by Casagrande in 1932. These
variations give rise to differences in the values of the liquid limit determined from the test. The fall-cone method is the preferred
method of determining the liquid limit of a soil.
The plastic limit of a soil is the lowest water content at which the soil is plastic. The determination of the plastic limit
is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognised that the results of the test
are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur.
The Atterberg limits are influenced by oxidation or other changes in the specimen, resulting from storing it too long
or otherwise by treating it in an unsuitable way. This applies especially to quick clays, sulphide clays and organic
soils.
2 Normative references
The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
CEN ISO/TS 17892-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 1: Determination
of water content (ISO/TS 17892-1:2004).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
liquid limit
w
L
empirically established water content at which a soil passes from a liquid state to a plastic state
3.2
plastic limit
w
P
empirically established water content at which a soil becomes too dry to be plastic
3.3
plasticity index
I
P
numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit of a soil
NOTE  A soil which has a plasticity index of zero or one for which the plastic limit cannot be determined is called non-plastic.
The term consistency in this context refers to the relative ease with which a soil can be deformed. A characteristic of a cohesive
soil is that, with decreasing water content, its consistency changes from that of a liquid (ability to flow under its own mass) to a
plastic material that is mouldable and keeps its general form after deformation, to a solid (non-plastic with a brittle rupture
occurring at small deformations). There is also an intermediate state between a solid and a plastic consistency where the soil
behaves as a semi-solid. The Atterberg limits are empirically established water content limits which represent these changes in
behaviour.
3.4
liquidity index
I
L
ratio of the difference between water content and the plastic limit of a soil, to the plasticity index
NOTE  The liquidity index is a measure of the consistency of the soil in the remoulded state at the natural water content, and is
also used as an indication of the sensitivity of a soil.
3.5
consistency index
I
C
ratio of the difference between the liquid limit and the water content, to the plasticity index
NOTE  The consistency index is, like the liquidity index, a measure of the consistency of the soil in the remoulded state. The
consistency index and the liquidity index are related by the following relationship:
I = 1 – I
C L
3.6
activity index
I
a
ratio of the plasticity index to the clay size fraction of the soil
NOTE  The activity index can be an indication of the colloidal properties of a clay, and is principally dependent on the amount
and the type of clay minerals and organic colloids present as well as on the electrolyte content of the pore water.
3.7
clay size fraction
CF
dry mass of particles having an equivalent diameter of less than 0,002 mm divided by the total dry mass of the
specimen (or of the dry mass after removal of the coarse fraction)
3.8
coarse fraction
particles that are retained on the 0,4 mm
4 Apparatus
4.1 General
The following items are necessary to determine Atterberg limits:
a) spatulas;
b) spray bottle (preferably of plastic) with distilled water;
The addition of distilled water dilutes the pore fluid, which may affect the measured liquid limit. Consideration
should be given to using water taken in-situ should the effect on the liquid limit be significant.
c) evaporating dish;
d) a corrosion resistant airtight container;
e) balance (accuracy 0,03 g, readable to 0,01 g);
f) apparatus for determination of water content according to CEN ISO/TS 17892-1;
g) stopclock or stopwatch, readable to 1 s;
h)
...