EN 14988:2017+A2:2024

Children's high chairs - Requirements and test methods

This European Standard specifies safety requirements for free standing children's high chairs that elevate children to dining table height usually for the purposes of feeding or eating. Children's high chairs are for children up to 3 years of age who are capable of sitting unaided.
With the exception of special high chairs for medical purposes, this standard applies to children's high chairs for domestic and non-domestic use.
NOTE If a children's high chair has to or can be converted into other functions, additional European Standards may apply.

Kinderhochstühle - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

Dieses Dokument legt sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an freistehende Kinderhochstühle fest, die ein Kind auf die Höhe eines Esstisches heben, üblicherweise zum Füttern oder Essen. Kinderhochstühle sind für Kinder bis zu einem Alter von 3 Jahren, die eigenständig sitzen können.
Dieses Dokument ist für Kinderhochstühle für den Wohn- und Nicht-Wohnbereich anwendbar, mit Ausnahme von Spezialhochstühlen für medizinische Zwecke.
ANMERKUNG   Falls ein Kinderhochstuhl für andere Funktionen umgebaut werden muss oder kann, können zusätzliche Europäische Normen gelten.

Chaises hautes pour enfants - Exigences et méthodes d'essai

Otroški visoki stoli - Zahteve in preskusne metode (vključno z dopolnilom A2)

Ta evropski standard določa varnostne zahteve za prosto stoječe otroške visoke stole na višini jedilne mize, običajno namenjene za hranjenje ali prehranjevanje otrok. Otroški visoki stoli so namenjeni otrokom do tretjega leta starosti, ki lahko samostojno sedijo.
Ta standard se uporablja za otroške visoke stole za domačo in javno rabo, razen za posebne visoke stole za medicinsko uporabo.
OPOMBA: Če otroški visoki stol mogoče pretvoriti tako, da pridobi še druge funkcije, se lahko uporabljajo dodatni evropski standardi.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Apr-2024
• ICS: 97.140 - Furniture
• ICS: 97.190 - Equipment for children
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 364 - Project Committee - High Chairs
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 24-Apr-2024
• Due Date: 21-Mar-2024
• Completion Date: 24-Apr-2024
• Directive: 2001/95/EC - Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 December 2001 on general product safety
• Mandate: M/527 - [C(2014)5058] Standardization request to draft European standards for certain seats for children in support of Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and the Council
• Ref Project: SIST EN 14988:2017+A2:2024 - Children's high chairs - Requirements and test methods

Relations

• Merged From: EN 14988:2017+A1:2020/FprA2 - Children's high chairs - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 07-Feb-2024
• Merged From: EN 14988:2017+A1:2020 - Children's high chairs - Requirements and test methods
• Effective Date: 07-Feb-2024

Overview

EN 14988:2017+A2:2024 - published by CEN - is the European Standard for children's high chairs. It specifies safety requirements and test methods for free‑standing high chairs that raise children (up to 3 years old, able to sit unaided) to dining table height for feeding or eating. The standard covers domestic and non‑domestic use and excludes special high chairs for medical purposes. This edition incorporates Amendment A2 (2024) and consolidates previous parts into a hazard‑based format.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and definitions: Applies to free‑standing high chairs for children up to 3 years; defines restraint types (crotch, waist, shoulder), locking/parking devices and the junction line between seat and backrest.
• Hazard‑based requirements: Addresses mechanical hazards, entrapment, suffocation, choking/ingestion, entanglement, thermal and chemical hazards.
• Restraint systems: Improved requirements for restraint systems, including the requirement for a passive crotch restraint when a horizontal component is in front of the child. Differentiates active vs passive restraints.
• Strength, stability and durability: Static and dynamic strength tests and stability checks (including particular rules for high chairs with more than two castors/wheels).
• Folding and adjustment hazards: Tests for hazards caused by folding, height adjustments and moving parts; assembly and most onerous configuration guidance.
• Test methods & equipment: Specifies test masses, impact hammer, probes for finger entrapment, loading pads and tolerances; tests must be performed in defined sequences and conditions.
• Chemical & flammability references: Normative references include EN 71‑2 (flammability), EN 71‑3 (migration of certain elements) and EN 13210‑1; materials testing references like ISO 48‑4 are included.
• Marking and instructions: Requirements for product marking, user instructions and purchase information to ensure safe use.

Practical applications - who uses this standard

• Manufacturers and product designers: To design compliant, safe high chairs and select appropriate restraint and locking systems.
• Test laboratories and conformity assessors: For type testing, durability and dynamic strength evaluation against EN 14988 test methods.
• Retailers & procurement teams: To verify that supplied products meet European safety requirements.
• Regulators and safety authorities: For market surveillance and enforcement of child‑product safety.
• Childcare facilities: To specify safe equipment for infants and toddlers.

Related standards

• EN 71‑2:2020 (Safety of toys - Flammability)
• EN 71‑3:2019+A1:2021 (Migration of certain elements)
• EN 13210‑1:2020 (Child care harnesses/reins)
• ISO 48‑4:2018 (Shore hardness testing)

Keywords: EN 14988, children's high chairs, safety requirements, test methods, CEN, high chair standard, restraint system, stability, mechanical hazards.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14988:2017+A1:2020
Otroški visoki stoli - Zahteve in preskusne metode (vključno z dopolnilom A2)
Children's high chairs - Requirements and test methods
Kinderhochstühle - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Chaises hautes pour enfants - Exigences et méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14988:2017+A2:2024
ICS:
97.140 Pohištvo Furniture
97.190 Otroška oprema Equipment for children
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 14988:2017+A2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 97.140; 97.190 Supersedes EN 14988:2017+A1:2020
English Version
Children's high chairs - Requirements and test methods
Chaises hautes pour enfants - Exigences et méthodes Kinderhochstühle - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
d'essai
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 November 2019 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on 20
November 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14988:2017+A2:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 General . 6
4.1 Test conditions . 6
4.2 Application of forces . 6
4.3 Tolerances . 6
4.4 Test sequence . 7
4.5 Determination of the junction line . 7
5 Test equipment . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Test mass A . 8
5.3 Impact hammer . 8
5.4 Large loading pad . 9
5.5 Small loading pad . 9
5.6 Stops . 10
5.7 Floor surface . 10
5.8 Beams . 10
5.9 Probes for finger entrapment . 10
5.10 Test mass B . 10
5.11 Small parts cylinder . 10
5.12 Small torso probe . 11
5.13 Test mass C . 11
5.14 Leg probe . 12
5.15 Wedge block . 12
5.16 Large head probe . 13
5.17 Impactor . 14
5.18 Wood block . 14
5.19 Feeler gauge . 14
5.20 Test mass D . 14
6 Chemical hazards - Migration of certain elements (see A.2) . 14
7 Thermal hazards (see A.3) . 15
8 Mechanical hazards (see A.4) . 15
8.1 Hazards caused by folding of the product . 15
8.2 Hazards caused by height adjustment . 16
8.3 Entrapment hazards (see A.4.1) . 17
8.4 Hazards caused by moving parts (see A.4.2) . 17
8.5 Entanglement hazards (see A.4.3) . 18
8.6 Choking and ingestion hazards (see A.4.4) . 19
8.7 Hazards caused by edges, corners and protruding parts (see A.4.6) . 21
8.8 Strength and durability hazards (Structural integrity, see A.4.7) . 21
8.9 Hazards from falls out of the high chair (see A.4.8) . 24
8.10 Suffocation hazards (see A.4.5) . 33
8.11 Castors and wheels (see A.4.9) . 33
8.12 Stability (see A.A.4.10) . 35
9 Marking and product information . 39
9.1 General . 39
9.2 Marking . 39
9.3 Instructions for use . 40
9.4 Purchase information . 41
Annex A (informative) Rationales . 42
A.1 Introduction. 42
A.2 Chemical hazards (see Clause 6) . 42
A.3 Thermal hazards (see Clause 7) . 42
A.4 Mechanical hazards (see Clause 8) . 42
Annex B (informative) A- deviations . 45
Annex C #Deleted text$ . 47
Bibliography . 50

European foreword
This document (EN 14988:2017+A2:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 364
"High Chairs", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2024, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by April 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2019-03-29, and Amendment 2 approved
by CEN on 2023-11-30.
This document supersedes #EN 14988-1:2017+A1:2020$.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !"
and #$.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This document contains the following main modifications in comparison to the previous versions:
— EN 14988-1:2006+A1:2012 and EN 14988-2:2006+A1:2012 have been merged into one single
document;
— complete review of the standard in a hazard base format;
— modifications necessary to comply with European Decision 2013/121/EU;
— addition of a dynamic strength test;
— inclusion of specific requirements for high chair with more than two castors/wheels;
— improvement of restraint system requirements to require a passive crotch restraint for products
with a horizontal component in front of the baby.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies safety requirements for free standing children's high chairs that elevate
children to dining table height usually for the purposes of feeding or eating. Children's high chairs are
for children up to 3 years of age who are capable of sitting unaided.
With the exception of special high chairs for medical purposes, this document applies to children's high
chairs for domestic and non-domestic use.
NOTE If a children's high chair has to or can be converted into other functions, additional European
Standards may apply.
2 Normative references
#The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 71-2:2020, Safety of toys - Part 2: Flammability
EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021, Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements
EN 13210-1:2020, Child care articles - Part 1: Children's harnesses, reins - Safety requirements and test
methods
ISO 48-4:2018, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 4: Indentation
hardness by durometer method (Shore hardness)$
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
active restraint system
system where the carer performs an action to ensure that the child is secured in the restraint system
3.2
passive restraint system
system where the carer does not perform an action to ensure that the child is secured in the restraint
system
3.3
crotch restraint
device passing between the legs of the child and preventing the child from slipping forwards out of the
high chair
3.4
waist restraint
rigid or flexible device(s), which when fastened, goes from one side of the high chair to the other
passing in front of the child’s waist or surrounding the child’s waist
3.5
shoulder restraint
device passing over the shoulders and connecting either to the crotch restraint or to the waist restraint
3.6
locking device
component that maintains part(s) of the product in the position of use
EXAMPLE Latch, a hook, an over centre lock.
3.7
operating device
part of the locking mechanism(s) or parking device(s) designed to be activated by the carer by one or
several action(s)
3.8
parking device
device intended to prevent rolling of castors/wheels
3.9
locking mechanism
assembly consisting of one or more locking device(s) and one or more operating device(s)
3.10
junction line
intersection of the seat and the back rest
4 General
4.1 Test conditions
The high chair shall be tested as delivered. If the high chair is a knock-down type, it shall be assembled
according to the instructions supplied with it. If the instructions allow for different adjustments or
configurations of components (e.g. inclination of the backrest, height of the seat, position of the tray,
position of castors/wheels, etc.), the most onerous combination shall be used for each test, unless
otherwise specified in the test method.
Knock-down fittings shall be tightened before testing. Further re-tightening shall not take place.
4.2 Application of forces
The forces in the static load tests shall be applied sufficiently slowly to ensure that negligible dynamic
force is applied.
The tests are described in terms of the application of forces, however masses can be used. The
relationship 10 N = 1 kg shall be used for this purpose.
4.3 Tolerances
Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances apply:
— Forces: ± 5 % of the nominal force;
— Masses: ± 0,5 % of the nominal mass;
— Dimensions: ± 1,0 mm of the nominal dimension;
— Angles: ± 2° of the nominal angle;
— Positioning of loading pads: ± 5 mm.
NOTE For the purposes of uncertainty in measurements, test results are not considered to be adversely
affected when the above tolerances are met.
4.4 Test sequence
The tests in Clause 8 shall be carried out on the same high chair and in the order of the clauses of this
standard.
4.5 Determination of the junction line
The junction line is shown in Figure 1 below.
Where the backrest and the seat do not meet, the junction line is the projection of the backrest onto the
seat (see Figure 1).
Key
LL junction line
1 backrest
2 seat
Figure 1 — Junction line
When the seat unit is in the form of a hammock, a theoretical junction line, “LL”, shall be determined as
shown in Figure 2. The junction line may vary when the backrest is adjusted in different positions.

Key
AA top edge of the backrest
BB front edge of the seat
LL junction line
CL vertical projection of C on the hammock
C mid-point between A and B
Figure 2 — Junction line for seat units in the form of a hammock
5 Test equipment
5.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, test forces may be applied by any suitable device as results are dependent
only upon correctly applied forces and not upon the apparatus.
5.2 Test mass A
A rigid cylinder 200 mm in diameter and 300 mm in height, having a mass of 15 kg with its centre of
gravity 150 mm above its base. The edges shall have a radius of 5 mm. Two anchorage points shall be
provided. These shall be positioned 150 mm from the base and at an angle of 180° to each other around
the circumference (see Figure 3).
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 edge radius: (5 ± 1) mm
2 anchorage points
Figure 3 — Test mass A
5.3 Impact hammer
A striker in the form of a cylindrical object having a total mass of 6,5 kg supported from a pivot by a
steel tube of 38 mm in diameter and with a wall thickness of 2 mm (see Figure 4). The distance between
the pivot and the centre of gravity of the striker shall be 1 000 mm. The pendulum arm shall be pivoted
by a low friction bearing.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 pendulum head, steel mass 6,4 kg
2 hardwood
3 rubber 50 ± 10 Shore A (#ISO 48-4 :2018$)
4 pendulum arm, length 950 mm; high tensile steel tube ∅ 38 mm x 2 mm; mass (2 ± 0,2) kg
5 pivot point
Mass of assembly (Key numbers 1, 2 and 3): (6,5 ± 0,07) kg
Figure 4 — Impact hammer
5.4 Large loading pad
A rigid cylindrical object 100 mm in diameter having a smooth hard surface and edges rounded with
radius of 12 mm.
5.5 Small loading pad
A rigid cylindrical object 30 mm in diameter having a smooth hard surface and edges rounded with
radius of (0,8 ± 0,3) mm.
5.6 Stops
Stops to prevent the high chair from sliding but not tilting, no higher than 12 mm except in cases where
the design of the item necessitates the use of higher stops, in which case the lowest stops that will
prevent the item from sliding shall be used.
5.7 Floor surface
#A horizontal, flat and rigid plane with a smooth surface.
For the tests according to 8.8.6.4, a 2 mm thick rubber mat, with hardness (75 ± 10) Shore A according
to ISO 48-4:2018, shall be used on a concrete floor.$
5.8 Beams
5.8.1 Beam for stability testing and for measuring the length of the lateral protection
A beam, not less than 900 mm long, with a square section of 25 mm x 25 mm and with a mass of
(0,5 ± 0,01) kg.
5.8.2 Beam for measuring the height for lateral protection test
A beam, 86 mm wide and with a mass of (0,5 ± 0,01) kg.
5.9 Probes for finger entrapment
0 +01,
Probes made of plastic or other hard, smooth material with diameters() mm and () mm
7 12
−01, 0
with a hemispherical end (see Figure 5) and which can be mounted on a force-measuring device.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 line around the probe showing the depth of penetration

Probe type 7 mm probe 12 mm probe
0 +0,1
7 12
Diameter A
-0,1 0
Figure 5 — Test probes with hemispherical ends
5.10 Test mass B
A cylinder with a mass of 5 kg and a diameter of 100 mm.
5.11 Small parts cylinder
A cylinder for assessment of small components, having dimensions in accordance with Figure 6.
Dimension in millimetres
Figure 6— Small parts cylinder
5.12 Small torso probe
A probe made from plastic or other hard, smooth material with dimensions as shown in Figure 7.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 handle
a 86 mm
b 40 mm
c 120 mm
Figure 7 — Small torso probe
5.13 Test mass C
An object made of steel with a total mass of (9 ± 0,1) kg and with dimensions as specified in Figure 8.
All edges shall be rounded or chamfered.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 seat part [mass: (4,495 ± 0,05) kg]
2 backrest part [mass: (4,501 ± 0,05) kg]
3 hinge pin made of steel [mass of hinge pin: (17 ± 0,5) g, length: 79,5 mm]
D Diameter: 6 mm
Dimension tolerances: ± 2 mm
Figure 8 — Test mass C
5.14 Leg probe
A cylindrical probe with a diameter of 38 mm and a length of at least 76 mm.
5.15 Wedge block
A block made of plastic or other hard, smooth material and with dimensions according to Figure 9.
Dimensions in millimetres
Top view
Front view Side view
Figure 9 — Wedge block
5.16 Large head probe
A probe made of plastic or other hard smooth material, with dimensions according to Figure 10.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 handle
Figure 10 — Large head probe
5.17 Impactor
A cylindrical bag with a diameter of 150 mm filled with steel shot with a diameter of (4 ± 2) mm. The
total mass shall be 23 kg.
5.18 Wood block
A wood block, with dimensions of 150 mm by 150 mm with a thickness of 25 mm and with the edges
rounded with a radius of 8 mm.
5.19 Feeler gauge
A gauge with a thickness of (0,4 ± 0,02) mm and an insertion end radius of (3 ± 0,5) mm (see Figure 11).
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 11 — Feeler gauge
5.20 Test mass D
A mass of 9 kg on a base area of 200 mm x 100 mm.
6 Chemical hazards - Migration of certain elements (see A.2)
#Separate samples may be used for these tests.
The migration of elements from surface materials located on or above the plane defined by the seat
surface with the exception of the back of the backrest shall not exceed the limits listed in Table 1 when
tested in accordance with EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021.
Table 1 — Limits for heavy metals migration
Element mg/kg
Aluminium 28 130
Antimony 560
Arsenic 47
Barium 18 750
Boron 15 000
Cadmium 17
Chromium (III) 460
Chromium (VI) 0,053
Element mg/kg
Cobalt 130
Copper 7 700
Lead 23
Manganese 15 000
Mercury 94
Nickel 930
Selenium 460
Strontium 56 000
Tin 180 000
Organic tin 12
Zinc 46 000
$
7 Thermal hazards (see A.3)
#Separate samples may be used for these tests.
This clause applies only to textiles, coated textiles and plastic coverings. Hook and loop fasteners, cords
and alike are excluded.
When tested in accordance with EN 71-2:2020, 5.5, there shall be no surface flash.$
8 Mechanical hazards (see A.4)
8.1 Hazards caused by folding of the product
8.1.1 Requirements
8.1.1.1 General
There shall be at least one locking mechanism which prevents a high chair from folding whilst in use
and also when a child is being placed into and removed from the high chair.
8.1.1.2 Incomplete deployment
In order to prevent the hazards due to incomplete deployment, the high chair shall fulfil one of the
following:
a) the weight of the child in the high chair shall act to prevent the folding; or
b) at least one locking device shall engage automatically, when the product is ready for use.
8.1.1.3 Unintentional folding of the high chair
Unintentional folding of the high chair shall be prevented. This requirement is fulfilled if one of the
following conditions is met before and after testing in accordance with 8.1.2.1:
a) at least one operating device requires a minimum force of 50 N to activate, with and without test
mass A on the seat, or
b) folding is only possible if at least one locking mechanism requires the use of a tool, or
c) folding is only possible, when two independent operating devices are operated simultaneously, or
d) there are two or more automatically engaging locking devices that both cannot be released by one
single action, or
e) folding of the high chair requires two consecutive actions, the first of which shall be maintained
while the second is carried out.
8.1.1.4 Locking mechanism strength
When tested in accordance with 8.1.2.2, the high chair shall not fold and the locking mechanism shall
remain engaged.
8.1.2 Test methods
8.1.2.1 Durability of the locking mechanism
Operate all locking mechanisms 300 times.
8.1.2.2 Strength of the locking mechanism
Place the high chair on the floor with the test mass A (5.2) at the centre of the seat.
Apply a force of 200 N at the point and in the direction considered most likely for the high chair to fold.
If the high chair tends to tilt, secure it in a manner which prevents tilting but not folding.
8.2 Hazards caused by height adjustment
8.2.1 General
High chairs in which the seat height cannot be adjusted either due to the construction of the high chair
or when the child is inside the high chair are excluded from this requirement.
There shall be locking mechanism(s) to prevent the seat unit of a high chair from moving from a higher
to a lower position
8.2.2 Incomplete seat height adjustment
In order to prevent hazards due to incomplete seat height adjustment, at least one locking device shall
engage automatically when the seat is adjusted in height.
8.2.3 Unintentional release of the seat height adjustment mechanism
In order to prevent unintentional release of the seat adjustment mechanism, one of the following
requirements shall be fulfilled before and after testing in accordance with 8.1.2.1:
a) at least one operating device requires a minimum force of 50 N to activate, with and without test
mass A on the seat, or
b) height adjustment requires the use of a tool, or
c) release is only possible when two independent operating devices are operated simultaneously, or
d) there are two or more automatically engaging locking devices that both cannot be released by one
single action, or
e) height adjustment requires two consecutive actions, the first of which shall be maintained while the
second is carried out.
8.3 Entrapment hazards (see A.4.1)
8.3.1 Entrapment of fingers
8.3.1.1 Requirement
With the exception of the back of the backrest, parts of the high chair from the floor up to and including
the under-surface of the seat and buckles and adjusters of the restraint system, there shall be no
completely bounded circular openings in rigid materials between 7 mm and 12 mm, which are deeper
than 10 mm, when tested in accordance with 8.3.1.2.
8.3.1.2 Test method
Check whether the 7 mm probe (see 5.9) with an applied force of up to 30 N, enters 10 mm or more into
any completely bounded opening in rigid materials in any possible direction. If the 7 mm probe enters
10 mm or more, check if the 12 mm probe (see 5.9) enters 10 mm or more with an applied force of up to
5 N.
8.3.2 Entrapment of head
8.3.2.1 Requirements
With the exception of the entrance to the seat unit, the two openings for the child’s legs and openings in
the frame above the level of the top surface of the lateral protection, there shall be no holes, gaps or
openings above the seat surface which allow the small torso probe to pass through when tested
according to 8.3.2.2.
8.3.2.2 Test method
Check whether the small torso probe (5.12) with an applied force of up to 30 N, enters into any
accessible opening located above the seat.
The probe shall be inserted from inside the seat unit in a straight direction along the longitudinal axis of
the probe.
8.4 Hazards caused by moving parts (see A.4.2)
8.4.1 Requirements on compression points
The back of the backrest, parts from the floor up to and including the under-surface of the seat and
buckles of the restraint system are excluded from the following requirement.
After the high chair has been set up for normal use in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions,
there shall be no accessible hazardous compression points, which can close to less than 12 mm, unless
they are always less than 5 mm, as the result of:
a) movement of the high chair; or
b) movements of the child using the high chair; or
c) the application of an external force (either by another child or, unintentionally, by the carer, or by a
powered mechanism).
!Hazardous compression points between the tray and the structure shall be assessed by applying a
vertical downward force of 50 N in the most onerous point on the tray."
8.4.2 Requirements for shearing points
The back of the backrest, parts from the floor up to and including the under-surface of the seat and
buckles of the restraint system are excluded from the following requirement.
After the high chair has been set up for normal use in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
there shall be no accessible hazardous shearing points which can close to less than 12 mm, as the result
of:
a) movement of the high chair; or
b) the movement of the child using the high chair; or
c) the application of an external force (either by another child or, unintentionally, by the carer,
or by a powered mechanism).
8.5 Entanglement hazards (see A.4.3)
8.5.1 Requirements
The restraint system is excluded from this clause.
Cords, ribbons and similar parts shall have a maximum free length of 220 mm when tested in
accordance with 8.5.2.
Where cords, ribbons and similar parts are attached to the high chair together or within 80 mm of each
other, all single cords shall have a maximum free length of 220 mm and the combined length from one
loose end to the end of another loose end shall be a maximum of 360 mm (see Figure 12).
Loops shall have a maximum peripheral dimension of 360 mm, when tested in accordance with 8.5.2.
Monofilament threads shall not be used.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
Lx length of the single cord
D distance between the attachments
Figure 12 — Examples of measuring cords, ribbons or similar parts
8.5.2 Test method
The length of a cord, ribbon or similar part shall be measured from the fixing point on the high chair to
the free end of the cord, ribbon or similar part under a 25 N tensile force.
The peripheral dimension of a loop shall be measured from the fixing point on the high chair of one end
to the fixing point of the other end under a 25 N tensile force.
8.6 Choking and ingestion hazards (see A.4.4)
8.6.1 Requirements
Any component that is considered capable of being gripped by a child in accordance with 8.6.2.1 shall
be tested in accordance with 8.6.2.2 and 8.6.2.3. Any component or part of a component that is removed
shall not fit entirely within the small parts cylinder specified in 5.11.
!With the exception of the back of the backrest, parts from the floor up to and including the under-
surface of the seat, and buckles and adjusters of the restraint system, parts of a high chair containing
filling material shall have at least one covering. When tested in accordance with 8.6.2.4, it shall not be
possible to insert the front part of a 12 mm diameter probe (5.9) by more than 6 mm into any generated
opening in the covering materials or their joints that gives access to the filling material."
8.6.2 Test methods
8.6.2.1 Assessment of child’s ability to grip components
A component is considered able to be gripped if the child can grip the component between its thumb
and forefinger or between its teeth.
Where it is difficult to assess whether a child can grip a component, establish whether it is possible to
insert the feeler gauge specified in 5.19 between the component and the underlying layer or body of the
high chair at an angle between 0° and 10° from the surface of the underlying layer or high chair, using a
force of (10 ± 1) N. If the gauge can be inserted more than 2 mm, the component is considered able to be
gripped by the child.
8.6.2.2 Torque test
Apply a torque gradually to the component within a period of 5 s in the clockwise direction until either:
a) a rotation of 180° from the original position has been attained; or
b) a torque of 0,34 Nm is reached.
The maximum rotation or required torque shall be applied for 10 s.
The component shall then be allowed to return to a relaxed condition and the procedure repeated in the
anticlockwise direction.
Where projections, components or assemblies are rigidly mounted on an accessible rod or shaft
designed to rotate together with the projections, components or assemblies, the rod or shaft shall be
clamped to prevent rotation during the test.
If a component, which is attached by a screw or similar fixing device, becomes loose during the
application of the required torque, the torque shall continue to be applied until the required torque is
met or the component disassembles or it becomes apparent that the component will not disassemble.
Clamps and test equipment shall not cause damage the attachment mechanism or body of the
component.
Check whether any component or part of a component that is removed during the test fits wholly in any
orientation without compressing or manipulating it, within the small parts cylinder specified in 5.11.
8.6.2.3 Tensile test
Attach a suitable clamp to the component, taking care not to damage the attachment mechanism or the
body of the component.
Apply a tensile force of up to 90 N to the component. The force shall be applied gradually within a
period of 5 s and maintain it for 10 s.
Check whether any component or part of a component that is removed during the test fits wholly within
the small parts cylinder specified in 5.11 in any orientation without compressing or manipulating it.
8.6.2.4 Accessibility of filling materials
Use clamps with jaws to which discs with a diameter of 19 mm are affixed.
Attach the clamps to the covering where the disc jaws can be fully applied not less than 30 mm apart
and equidistant to the junction of parts (e.g. seam, welding, glued, etc.).
Gradually apply a force of (70 ± 2) N between the two clamps over a period of approximately 5 s.
Maintain the force for 10 s, and then release the force.
Apply the test once for each different joint of covering materials.
!Check whether it is possible to insert the 12 mm probe (see 5.9) by more than 6 mm using a
maximum force of 10 N."
Key
1 disc
2 seam
3 free space between discs
Figure 13 — Examples of clamping
8.7 Hazards caused by edges, corners and protruding parts (see A.4.6)
All accessible edges, corners and protruding parts on the high chair shall be rounded or chamfered and
free from burrs.
8.8 Strength and durability hazards (Structural integrity, see A.4.7)
8.8.1 Requirements
Connecting screws for direct fastening, e.g. self-tapping screws, shall not be used for the assembly of
any component that is designed to be removed or loosened when dismantling the high chair for the
purpose of transportation or storage.
After completing all the tests in accordance with 8.8.2, 8.8.3, 8.8.4, 8.8.5, 8.8.6.1, 8.8.6.2 and 8.8.6.3, the
requirements in 8.1, 8.3 and 8.7 shall be fulfilled and the safety and functions of the high chair shall be
unimpaired.
8.8.2 Impact test
The high chair shall be placed on the floor surface (5.7) in the normal position of use with the legs
against stops (5.6) in the opposite direction of the force.
Adjust the impact hammer (5.3) to fall from a height (H) of 116 mm. The hammer shall strike the
structure at the impact point, when the arm of the impact hammer is vertical (see Figure 14).
The impact hammer shall strike from the outside to:
— the centre of the uppermost point of the back (see Figure 14 b)), and
— the centre of the tray if available, and
— the centre of the horizontal member (see Figure 14 c)), and
— both lateral protections (see Figure 14 a)).
If the high chair can be fitted with a detachable tray, the tests shall be done with and without the tray.
If the high chair overturns during the test, it shall be prevented from touching the ground.
Repeat the test on the backrest from the inside of the high chair in the same manner as above.
The tests shall be carried out for a total of 5 times at each point.

Key
H falling height
Figure 14 — Impact test
8.8.3 Seat vertical static load test
Place 40 kg distributed over an area of 150 mm x 150 mm on the centre of the seat. Maintain the load
for 1 min. Lift the high chair clear of the floor by the lateral protection at the point of balance. Maintain
the high chair off the floor for 1 min. Remove the load.
8.8.4 Footrest vertical static load test
Place 20 kg distributed over an area of 75 mm x 150 mm on the centre of the footrest with the longer
side parallel to the front line of the footrest. Maintain the load for 1 min. Remove the load.
8.8.5 Dynamic strength test
The high chair shall be placed on the floor surface (see 5.7) in the normal position of use. Prevent
movement of the high chair on the floor surface without impairing the test.
Place the wood block (5.18) in the centre of the seat.
Position the impactor (5.17) above the wood block and let it drop freely from a height of 75 mm.
Repeat for a total of 500 cycles at a frequency of (15 ± 1) cycles per minute.
For high chairs that can be adjusted in height, the number of drops shall be equally divided in the
highest and the lowest positions.
Damages caused by the wooden block (e.g. splinters, damages in the fabric cover, etc.) shall be
disregarded.
8.8.6 Tray tests
8.8.6.1 Requirements
When tested according to 8.8.6.2, the tray shall not break or become detached and its function shall be
unimpaired.
When tested according to 8.8.6.3, the high chair shall not overturn.
When tested according to 8.8.6.4, the tray shall fulfil the requirements of 8.3.1, 8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 and its
function shall be unimpaired.
8.8.6.2 Tray strength test
With the tray fitted to the high chair, fix the seat so that it cannot move in the direction of the force
being applied. Apply in turn a horizontal force of 200 N 10 times to the tray at each of the following
positions:
a) forwards at the centre of the front edge at its uppermost surface;
b) rearwards at the centre of the rear edge at its uppermost surface;
c) sideways outwards at the centre of one side at its uppermost surface;
d) sideways outwards at the centre of the opposite side at its uppermost surface.
Each test force shall be maintained for 30 s.
8.8.6.3 Tray stability
With the high chair unloaded, apply a downwards vertical force of 200 N at the mid-point of centre line
of the tray (see Figure 15). Maintain the load for 1 min.
Key
1 application point
2 tray
Figure 15 — Tray stability
8.8.6.4 Tray drop test
This test is only applicable to removable trays.
Remove the tray from the high chair and drop it once through a height of 1 000 mm onto the floor
surface (5.7), on each of the following positions:
— on one long edge, and
— on one short edge, and
— on the bottom, and
— adjacent to the fastening points, and
— one other point likely to be damaged by the test.
8.9 Hazards from falls out of the high chair (see A.4.8)
8.9.1 Restraint system
8.9.1.1 Requirements on restraint systems
8.9.1.1.1 General requirements
The high chair shall have either an active restraint system complying with 8.9.1.1.2 or a passive
restraint system complying with 8.9.1.1.3.
If the backrest can be reclined to less than 60° to the horizontal measured in accordance with 8.9.1.2.1,
the product shall have an active restraint system (see 8.9.1.1.2).
Straps of the restraint system, if any, shall have a minimum width of 19 mm.
All parts of the restraint system shall function as intended before and after testing in accordance with
8.9.1.2.3.
The maximum slippage of the straps through any type of ad
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