EN 61400-11:2013
(Main)Wind turbines - Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques
Wind turbines - Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques
IEC 61400-11:2012(E) presents measurement procedures that enable noise emissions of a wind turbine to be characterised. This involves using measurement methods appropriate to noise emission assessment at locations close to the machine, in order to avoid errors due to sound propagation, but far away enough to allow for the finite source size. The procedures described are different in some respects from those that would be adopted for noise assessment in community noise studies. They are intended to facilitate characterisation of wind turbine noise with respect to a range of wind speeds and directions. Standardisation of measurement procedures will also facilitate comparisons between different wind turbines. This new edition constitutes a technical revision, introducing new principles for data reduction procedures.
Windenergieanlagen - Teil 11: Schallmessverfahren
Eoliennes - Partie 11: Techniques de mesure du bruit acoustique
l’IEC 61400-11:2012 spécifie les procédures de mesure qui permettent de caractériser les émissions sonores d’une éolienne. Cette démarche implique l’utilisation de méthodes de mesure appropriées à l’évaluation des émissions sonores à des emplacements proches de la machine, afin d’éviter les erreurs dues à la propagation du son, mais toutefois suffisamment éloignés pour permettre de déterminer la dimension des sources finies. Les procédures décrites sont différentes à certains égards de celles qui seraient adoptées pour l’évaluation du bruit dans le cadre des études portant sur le bruit ambiant. Ces procédures sont destinées à faciliter la caractérisation du bruit émis par une éolienne par rapport à une plage donnée de vitesses et de directions du vent. La normalisation des procédures de mesure facilite également les comparaisons entre différentes éoliennes. Cette nouvelle édition constitue une révision technique, introduisant de nouveaux principes concernant les procédures de traitement des données.
Vetrne turbine - 11. del: Tehnike merjenja hrupa
Ta del standarda IEC 61400 predstavlja postopke merjenja, ki omogočajo opredelitev emisij hrupa vetrnih turbin. To vključuje načine merjenja, ki so primerni za ocenjevanje emisij hrupa na lokacijah, ki so dovolj blizu naprave, da bi se izognili napakam zaradi širjenja zvoka na prostem, vendar dovolj daleč, da je mogoče pridobiti končno velikost vzorca. Nekateri vidiki opisanih postopkov so drugačni od postopkov, ki se uporabljajo za ocenjevanje hrupa v študijah hrupa v okolici. Namenjene so opredelitvi hrupa vetrnih turbin, pri čemer upoštevajo razpon hitrosti in smeri vetra. Standardizacija merilnih postopkov bo omogočila tudi primerjave različnih vetrnih turbin. Postopki predstavljajo metodologijo, ki bo omogočila usklajeno in pravilno opredelitev emisij hrupa vetrnih turbin. Ti postopki vključujejo naslednje:
• lokacijo položajev akustičnega merjenja;
• zahteve za pridobitev akustičnih, meteoroloških in drugih povezanih podatkov o delovanju vetrnih turbin;
• analizo pridobljenih podatkov in vsebino za poročila ter
• definicijo posebnih parametrov akustičnih emisij in povezanih deskriptorjev, ki se uporabljajo za izvajanje okoljskih ocen.
Ta mednarodni standard ni omejen na določene velikosti ali vrste vetrnih turbin. Postopki, ki so opisani v tem standardu, omogočajo temeljit opis emisij hrupa iz vetrnih turbin. Metoda za majhne vetrne turbine je opisana v dodatku F.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Vetrne turbine - 11. del: Tehnike merjenja hrupaWindenergieanlagen - Teil 11: SchallmessverfahrenAérogénérateurs - Partie 11: Techniques de mesure du bruit acoustiqueWind turbines - Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques27.180Sistemi turbin na veter in drugi alternativni viri energijeWind turbine systems and other alternative sources of energy17.140.20Emisija hrupa naprav in opremeNoise emitted by machines and equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 61400-11:2013SIST EN 61400-11:2013en01-junij-2013SIST EN 61400-11:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-11 NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2013
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2013 CENELEC -
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61400-11:2013 E
ICS 27.180 Supersedes EN 61400-11:2003 + A1:2006
English version
Wind turbines -
Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques (IEC 61400-11:2012)
Eoliennes -
Partie 11: Techniques de mesure
du bruit acoustique (CEI 61400-11:2012)
Windenergieanlagen -
Teil 11: Schallmessverfahren (IEC 61400-11:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-12-12. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
This document supersedes EN 61400-11:2003 + A1:2006.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-11:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification.
- 3 - EN 61400-11:2013 Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE
When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60688 - Electrical measuring transducers for converting A.C. and D.C. ectrical quantities to analogue or digital signals EN 60688 -
IEC 60942 2003 Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators EN 60942 2003
IEC 61260 1995 Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters EN 61260 1995
IEC 61400-12-1 2005 Wind turbines -
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing
wind turbines EN 61400-12-1 2006
IEC 61400-12-2 - 1) Wind turbines -
Part 12-2: Power performance of electricity producing wind turbines based on nacelle anemometry EN 61400-12-2 -
IEC 61672 Series Electroacoustics - Sound level meters EN 61672 Series
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 - Uncertainty of measurement -
Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) - -
1) To be published. SIST EN 61400-11:2013
IEC 61400-11 Edition 3.0 2012-11 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Wind turbines –
Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XA ICS 27.180 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-83220-463-4
– 2 – 61400-11 © IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and definitions . 9 4 Symbols and units . 12 5 Outline of method . 13 6 Instrumentation . 14 6.1 Acoustic instruments . 14 6.1.1 General . 14 6.1.2 Equipment for the determination of the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level. 14 6.1.3 Equipment for the determination of A-weighted 1/3-octave band spectra . 14 6.1.4 Equipment for the determination of narrow band spectra . 14 6.1.5 Microphone with measurement board and windscreen . 14 6.1.6 Acoustical calibrator . 16 6.1.7 Data recording/playback systems . 16 6.2 Non-acoustic Instruments . 16 6.2.1 General . 16 6.2.2 Anemometers . 16 6.2.3 Electric power transducer . 17 6.2.4 Other instrumentation . 17 6.3 Traceable calibration . 17 7 Acoustic measurements and measurement procedures . 17 7.1 Acoustic measurement positions . 17 7.2 Acoustic measurements . 20 7.2.1 General . 20 7.2.2 Acoustic measurement requirements . 20 7.2.3 A-weighted sound pressure level . 21 7.2.4 A-weighted 1/3-octave band measurements . 21 7.2.5 A-weighted narrow band measurements . 21 7.2.6 Optional acoustic measurements at positions 2, 3 and 4 . 21 7.2.7 Other optional measurements . 21 8 Non-acoustic measurements . 21 8.1 General . 21 8.2 Wind speed measurements . 22 8.2.1 Determination of the wind speed during wind turbine operation. 22 8.2.2 Wind speed measurements during background noise measurements . 23 8.3 Downwind direction . 24 8.4 Other atmospheric conditions . 24 8.5 Rotor speed and pitch angle measurement . 24 9 Data reduction procedures. 24 9.1 General methodology for sound power levels and 1/3-octave band levels . 24 9.2 Calculation of sound pressure levels . 27 SIST EN 61400-11:2013
61400-11 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
9.2.1 General . 27 9.2.2 Calculation of average sound spectra and uncertainty per bin . 27 9.2.3 Calculation of average wind speed and uncertainty per bin . 29 9.2.4 Calculation of noise levels at bin centres including uncertainty . 30 9.3 Apparent sound power levels . 31 9.4 Apparent sound power levels with reference to wind speed in 10 m height . 32 9.5 Tonal audibility . 33 9.5.1 General methodology for tonality . 33 9.5.2 Identifying possible tones . 34 9.5.3 Classification of spectral lines within the critical band . 34 9.5.4 Identified tone . 37 9.5.5 Determination of the tone level . 37 9.5.6 Determination of the masking noise level . 37 9.5.7 Determination of tonality . 37 9.5.8 Determination of audibility . 38 9.5.9 Background noise . 38 10 Information to be reported . 39 10.1 General . 39 10.2 Characterisation of the wind turbine . 39 10.3 Physical environment . 39 10.4 Instrumentation . 40 10.5 Acoustic data . 40 10.6 Non-acoustic data . 41 10.7 Uncertainty . 41 Annex A (informative)
Other possible characteristics of wind turbine
noise emission and their quantification . 42 Annex B (informative)
Assessment of turbulence intensity . 44 Annex C (informative)
Assessment of measurement uncertainty . 45 Annex D (informative)
Apparent roughness length . 47 Annex E (informative)
Characterization of a secondary wind screen. 49 Annex F (normative)
Small wind turbines . 53 Annex G (informative)
Air absorption . 57 Bibliography . 58
Figure 1 – Mounting of the microphone . 15 Figure 2 – Picture of microphone and measurement board . 16 Figure 3 – Standard pattern for microphone measurement positions (plan view) . 18 Figure 4 – Illustration of the definitions of R0 and slant distance R1 . 19 Figure 5 – Acceptable meteorological ma
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