EN 60076-18:2012
(Main)Power transformers - Part 18: Measurement of frequency response
Power transformers - Part 18: Measurement of frequency response
IEC 60076-18:2012 covers the measurement technique and measuring equipment to be used when a frequency response measurement is required either on-site or in the factory either when the test object is new or at a later stage. This standard is applicable to power transformers, reactors, phase shifting transformers and similar equipment.
Leistungstransformatoren - Teil 18: Messung des Frequenzübertragungsverhaltens
Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 18: Mesure de la réponse en fréquence
La CEI 60076-18:2012 couvre la technique de mesure et l'appareillage de mesure à utiliser lorsqu'une mesure de réponse en fréquence est requise, soit sur site, soit en usine, lorsque l'objet à soumettre à essai est neuf ou à un stade plus avancé. La présente norme est applicable aux transformateurs de puissance, bobines d'inductance, transformateurs déphaseurs et appareillages similaires.
Močnostni transformatorji - 18. del: Merjenje frekvenčne odzivnosti
Ta del serije standardov IEC 60076 pokriva metodo merjenja in merilno opremo za uporabo, ko je potrebno merjenje frekvenčnega odziva na mestu samem ali v tovarni, ne glede na to, ali je preizkušani predmet nov ali starejši. Interpretacija rezultata ni del normativnega besedila, vendar je v dodatku B navedenih nekaj napotkov. Ta standard velja za močnostne transformatorje, reaktorje, prečne transformatorje in podobno opremo.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2012
0RþQRVWQLWUDQVIRUPDWRUMLGHO 0HUMHQMHIUHNYHQþQHRG]LYQRVWL
Power transformers - Part 18: Measurement of frequency response
Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 18: Mesure de la réponse en fréquence
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60076-18:2012
ICS:
29.180 Transformatorji. Dušilke Transformers. Reactors
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60076-18
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.180
English version
Power transformers -
Part 18: Measurement of frequency response
(IEC 60076-18:2012)
Transformateurs de puissance - Leistungstransformatoren -
Partie 18: Mesure de la réponse Teil 18: Messung des
en fréquence Frequenzübertragungsverhaltens
(CEI 60076-18:2012) (IEC 60076-18:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-08-13. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60076-18:2012 E
Foreword
The text of document 14/718/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60076-18, prepared by IEC/TC 14 "Power
transformers" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-05-13
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2015-08-13
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60076-18:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
IEC 60076-18 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Power transformers –
Part 18: Measurement of frequency response
Transformateurs de puissance –
Partie 18: Mesure de la réponse en fréquence
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX X
ICS 29.180 ISBN 978-2-83220-222-7
– 2 – 60076-18 © IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Terms and definitions . 7
3 Purpose of frequency response measurements . 8
4 Measurement method . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Condition of the test object during measurement . 10
4.3 Measurement connection and checks . 11
4.3.1 Measurement connection and earthing . 11
4.3.2 Zero-check measurement . 11
4.3.3 Repeatability check . 11
4.3.4 Instrument performance check . 11
4.4 Measurement configuration . 12
4.4.1 General . 12
4.4.2 Principles for choosing the measurement configuration . 12
4.4.3 Star- and auto-connected windings with a neutral terminal . 13
4.4.4 Delta windings and other windings without an accessible neutral . 13
4.4.5 Zig-zag connected windings. 14
4.4.6 Two-winding three-phase transformers . 14
4.4.7 Three-phase auto-transformers . 14
4.4.8 Phase shifting transformers . 14
4.4.9 Reactors . 14
4.4.10 Method for specifying additional measurements . 14
4.5 Frequency range and measurement points for the measurement . 15
5 Measuring equipment . 15
5.1 Measuring instrument . 15
5.1.1 Dynamic range . 15
5.1.2 Amplitude measurement accuracy . 16
5.1.3 Phase measurement accuracy . 16
5.1.4 Frequency range . 16
5.1.5 Frequency accuracy . 16
5.1.6 Measurement resolution bandwidth . 16
5.1.7 Operating temperature range . 16
5.1.8 Smoothing of recorded data . 16
5.1.9 Calibration . 16
5.2 Measurement leads . 16
5.3 Impedance . 17
6 Measurement records . 17
6.1 Data to be recorded for each measurement . 17
6.2 Additional information to be recorded for each set of measurements . 18
Annex A (normative) Measurement lead connections . 20
Annex B (informative) Frequency response and factors that influence the
measurement . 23
Annex C (informative) Applications of frequency response measurements . 37
60076-18 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
Annex D (informative) Examples of measurement configurations . 39
Annex E (informative) XML data format . 43
Bibliography . 44
Figure 1 – Example schematic of the frequency response measurement circuit. 10
Figure A.1 – Method 1 connection . 21
Figure A.2 – Method 3 connection . 22
Figure B.1 – Presentation of frequency response measurements . 23
Figure B.2 – Comparison with a baseline measurement . 24
Figure B.3 – Comparison of the frequency responses of twin transformers . 24
Figure B.4 – Comparison of the frequency responses from sister transformers . 25
Figure B.5 – Comparison of the frequency responses of three phases of a winding. 25
Figure B.6 – General relationships between frequency response and transformer
structure and measurement set-up for HV windings of large auto-transformer . 27
Figure B.7 – Effect of tertiary delta connection on the frequency response of a series
winding . 28
Figure B.8 – Effect of star neutral connection on the tertiary winding response . 29
Figure B.9 – Effect of star neutral termination on series winding response . 29
Figure B.10 – Measurement results showing the effect of differences between phases
in internal leads connecting the tap winding and OLTC . 30
Figure B.11 – Effect of measurement direction on frequency response . 30
Figure B.12 – Effect of different types of insulating fluid on frequency response . 31
Figure B.13 – Effect of oil filling on frequency response . 31
Figure B.14 – Effect of a DC injection test on the frequency response . 32
Figure B.15 – Effect of bushings on frequency response . 32
Figure B.16 – Effect of temperature on frequency response . 33
Figure B.17 – Examples of bad measurement practice . 34
Figure B.18 – Frequency response of a tap winding before and after partial axial
collapse and localised inter-turn short-circuit with a photograph of the damage . 34
Figure B.19 – Frequency response of an LV winding before and after axial collapse
due to clamping failure with a photograph of the damage [8] . 35
Figure B.20 – Frequency response of a tap winding with conductor tilting with a
photograph of the damage [1] . 36
Figure D.1 – Winding diagram of an auto-transformer with a line-end tap changer . 40
Figure D.2 – Connection diagram of an inductive inter-winding measurement on a
three-phase YNd1 transformer . 41
Figure D.3 – Connection diagram for a capacitive inter-winding measurement on a
three-phase YNd1 transformer . 42
Figure D.4 – Connection diagram for an end-to-end short-circuit measurement on a
three-phase YNd1 transformer . 42
Table 1 – Standard measurements for a star connected winding with taps . 13
Table 2 – Standard measurements for delta connected winding without tap . 14
Table 3 – Format for specifying additional measurements . 15
Table D.1 – Standard end-to-end measurements on a three-phase auto-transformer . 39
Table D.2 – Tap-changer connections . 40
– 4 – 60076-18 © IEC:2012
Table D.3 – Inductive inter-winding measurements on a three-phase YNd1 transformer . 41
Table D.4 – Capacitive inter-winding measurements on a three-phase YNd1
transformer . 41
Table D.5 – End-to-end short-circuit measurements on a th
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