FprHD 60364-1:2025
(Main)Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, and definitions
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, and definitions
IEC 60364-1:2025 defines the scope and objective of the IEC 60364 series and specifies the fundamental safety requirements for an electrical installation. This document addresses the fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics and definitions of low-voltage electrical installations. This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the entire document has been restructured and renumbered, maintaining the numbering of the (sub)clauses which are preceded with the part number, i.e. 1.1, 1.2, etc.; b) the scope has been expanded to include new areas of application and has been restructured; c) in 1.5.2.2.2, the topic of safety services and standby electric supply systems has been added; d) in 1.5.2.14, the topic of energy efficiency has been included; e) in 1.5.2.15, the topic of prosumer electrical installations has been included; f) in 1.5.3.5, the requirement for an equivalent safety level for the use of new materials and innovations for which no product standards exist yet has been added; g) in 1.5.4.3, the recommendation to assess the effectiveness of protective measures for the safety of human beings and livestock to be maintained by periodic verification during the entire lifetime of the installation has been added; h) Table 3 shows the symbol for the newly introduced "system-referencing-conductor (SRC)"; i) the number of figures showing the type of electric system in AC and DC systems is limited to illustrate requirements.
Errichten von Niederspannungsanlagen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze, Bestimmungen allgemeiner Merkmale, Begriffe
Installations électriques à basse tension - Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux, détermination des caractéristiques générales et définitions
IEC 60364-1:2025 définit le domaine d’application et l’objectif de la série IEC 60364 et spécifie les exigences fondamentales de sécurité pour une installation électrique. Le présent document traite des principes fondamentaux, de la détermination des caractéristiques générales et des définitions des installations électriques à basse tension. La sixième édition annule et remplace la cinquième édition parue en 2005. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente: a) l’ensemble du document a été restructuré et rénuméroté, en conservant la numérotation des articles et paragraphes qui sont précédés du numéro de partie, c’est-à-dire 1.1, 1.2, etc.; b) le domaine d’application a été restructuré et élargi pour inclure de nouveaux domaines; c) dans le paragraphe 1.5.2.2.2, le thème des installations de sécurité et des systèmes d’alimentation électrique de remplacement a été ajouté; d) dans le paragraphe 1.5.2.14, le thème de l’efficacité énergétique a été inclus; e) dans le paragraphe 1.5.2.15, le thème des installations électriques de production et de consommation (prosommateur) a été inclus; f) dans le paragraphe 1.5.3.5, l’exigence d’un niveau de sécurité équivalent pour l’utilisation de nouveaux matériaux et d’innovations pour lesquels il n’existe pas encore de normes de produits a été ajoutée; g) dans le paragraphe 1.5.4.3, la recommandation relative à l’évaluation de l’efficacité des mesures de protection pour la sécurité des personnes et des animaux domestiques à maintenir par une vérification périodique pendant toute la durée de vie de l’installation a été ajoutée; h) le Tableau 3 représente le symbole du "conducteur de référencement du système (CRS)" nouvellement introduit; i) le nombre de figures représentant le type de système électrique dans les systèmes à courant alternatif et à courant continu est limité pour représenter les exigences
Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije - 1. del: Temeljna načela, ocena splošnih karakteristik in definicije
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prHD 60364-1:2024
01-marec-2024
Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije - 1. del: Temeljna načela, ocena splošnih
karakteristik, definicije
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions
Errichten von Niederspannungsanlagen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze, Bestimmungen
allgemeiner Merkmale, Begriffe
Installations électriques à basse tension - Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux,
détermination des caractéristiques générales, définitions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prHD 60364-1:2024
ICS:
91.140.50 Sistemi za oskrbo z elektriko Electricity supply systems
oSIST prHD 60364-1:2024 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prHD 60364-1:2024
oSIST prHD 60364-1:2024
64/2651/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60364-1 ED6
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2024-02-09 2024-04-05
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
64/2627/CDV, 64/2650/RVC
IEC TC 64 : ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Germany Mr Wolfgang Niedenzu
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
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Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any,
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109,PC 118,TC 120,TC 121,SC 121A,SC 121B,PC
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TITLE:
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general
characteristics, definitions
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2030
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1 CONTENTS
3 FOREWORD . 5
4 1.1 Scope . 7
5 1.1.1 Scope of this document . 7
6 1.1.2 Scope of the IEC 60364 series . 7
7 1.2 Normative references . 8
8 1.3 Terms and definitions . 8
9 1.4 Structure of the IEC 60364 series . 9
10 1.5 Fundamental principles . 9
11 1.5.1 Protection for safety . 9
12 1.5.2 Design . 11
13 1.5.3 Selection of electrical equipment . 15
14 1.5.4 Erection and verification of electrical installations . 17
15 1.6 Assessment of general characteristics . 17
16 1.7 Electrical installations . 18
17 1.7.1 General structure of an electrical installation . 18
18 1.7.2 Maximum demand and diversity . 18
19 1.8 Conductor arrangement . 18
20 1.8.1 General . 18
21 1.8.2 Live conductors . 18
22 1.8.3 Protective conductors . 21
23 1.8.4 System-referencing conductors . 22
24 1.9 Types of electrical systems . 22
25 1.9.1 General . 22
26 1.9.2 Types of electric systems for alternating current . 25
27 1.9.3 Types of electric systems for direct current . 36
28 1.10 Compatibility . 43
29 1.10.1 Compatibility of characteristics . 43
30 1.10.2 Electromagnetic compatibility . 43
31 1.11 Maintainability . 43
32 1.12 Safety services . 43
33 1.13 Continuity of service . 44
34 Annex A (informative) Structure of the IEC 60364 series . 45
35 Annex B (informative) List of notes concerning certain countries . 49
36 Bibliography . 50
38 Figure 1 – Single-phase two-wire system . 19
39 Figure 2 – Single-phase two-wire system . 19
40 Figure 3 – Single-phase three-wire system . 19
41 Figure 4 – Two-phase three-wire system . 20
42 Figure 5 – Three-phase three-wire system . 20
43 Figure 6 – Three-phase four-wire system . 20
44 Figure 7 – Two-wire system . 21
45 Figure 8 – Three-wire system . 21
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46 Figure 9 – Example of an AC TN-S system with separate neutral conductor and
47 protective earthing conductor throughout the system . 26
48 Figure 10 – Example of an AC TN-C-S system with a PEN conductor separated into a
49 protective earthing conductor and a neutral conductor . 26
50 Figure 11 – Example of an AC TN-C-S single-phase system with a PEM conductor
51 separated into a protective earthing conductor and a mid-point conductor . 27
52 Figure 12 – Example of an AC TN-S multiple source system with two local sources and
53 two distribution boards . 28
54 Figure 13 – Example of an AC TN-C-S multiple source system with one local source
55 and one external source (e.g. public power supply network) . Error! Bookmark not defined.
56 Figure 14 – Example of an AC TN-C-S multiple source system source system with one
57 external source (e.g. public power supply network) and one local source connectec to
58 a distribution board different from the (main) distribution board . 30
59 Figure 15 – Example of an AC TT system . 31
60 Figure 16 – Example of an AC TT multiple source system with two local sources . 32
61 Figure 17 – Example of an external source in an AC TT supply system with a local
62 source in an installation operating as an IT installation when disconnected from the
63 external source . 33
64 Figure 18 – Example of an external source in an AC TT supply system with a local
65 source in an installation operating as a TT installation when disconnected from the
66 external source . 34
67 Figure 19 – Example of an external source in an AC TT supply system with a local
68 source in an installation operating as an TN installation when disconnected from the
69 external source . 35
70 Figure 20 – Example of an AC IT system with exposed-conductive-parts earthed
71 individually or in groups by protective earthing conductors . 36
72 Figure 21 – Example of a DC TN-S system without mid-point . 37
73 Figure 22 – Example of a DC TN-S system with mid-point. 38
74 Figure 23 – Example of a DC TN-C system without mid-point . 38
75 Figure 24 – Example of a DC TN-C system with mid-point . 39
76 Figure 25 – Example of a DC TN-C-S system without mid-point . 39
77 Figure 26 – Example of a DC TN-C-S system with mid-point . 40
78 Figure 27 – Example of a DC TT system without mid-point . 41
79 Figure 28 – Example of a DC TT system with mid-point . 41
80 Figure 29 – Example of a DC IT system without mid-point . 42
81 Figure 30 – Example of a DC IT system with mid-point . 42
83 Table 1 – Types of electrical systems considered for AC installations . 23
84 Table 2 – Types of electric systems considered for DC installations . 24
85 Table 3 – Symbols indicating the conductor function . 25
86 Table A.1 – Numbering system of the IEC 60364 series . Error! Bookmark not defined.
87 Table A.2 – Structure of the IEC 60364 series – Low-voltage electrical installations . 47
88 Table C.1 – Correspondence between IEC 60364-1:2005 and this document. Error! Bookmark
89 not defined.
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91 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
92 ____________
94 LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS –
96 Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
97 general characteristics and definitions
99 FOREWORD
100 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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128 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
129 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
130 9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
131 patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
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134 the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
135 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
136 IEC 60364-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 64: Electrical installations and
137 protection against electric shock. It is an International Standard.
138 This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2005. This edition
139 constitutes a technical revision.
140 This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
141 edition:
142 a) the entire document has been restructured and numbered in accordance with the directives
143 but preceded with the part number, i.e. 1.1, 1.2 etc.;
144 b) the scope has been expanded to include new areas of application and has been
145 restructured;
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146 c) in 1.5.2.2.2, the topic of safety services and standby electric supply systems has been
147 added;
148 d) in 1.5.2.14, the topic of energy efficiency has been included;
149 e) in 1.5.2.15, the topic of prosumer electrical installations has been included;
150 f) in 1.5.3.5, the requirement for an equivalent safety level for the use of new materials and
151 innovations for which no product standards exist yet has been added. This must be verified
152 by a risk assessment;
153 g) in 1.5.4.3, the requirement for the effectiveness of protective measures for people and
154 livestock safety shall be maintained during the entire lifetime of the installation has been
155 added. This should be done by periodic verification;
156 h) Table 3 shows the symbol for the newly introduced "system-referencing conductor (SRC)";
157 i) the number of figures showing the type of earth connection in AC and DC systems is limited
158 to those which are most commonly employed. Some figures have been added for DC
159 systems;
160 j) Introduction of Error! Reference source not found. which relates the list of content of IEC 6
161 0364-1:2005 and the clauses of this document.
162 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
64/XX/FDIS 64/XX/RVD
164 Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
165 the above table.
166 The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
167 This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
168 accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
169 at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
170 described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
171 A list of all parts in the IEC 60364 series, published under the general title Low-voltage electrical
172 installations, can be found on the IEC website.
173 The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that Annex B lists all of the “in-some-country” clauses
174 on differing practices of a less permanent nature relating to the subject of this standard.
175 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability
176 date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specific document.
177 At this date, the document will be
178 • reconfirmed,
179 • withdrawn, or
180 • revised.
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183 LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS –
185 Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
186 general characteristics and definitions
188 1.1 Scope
189 1.1.1 Scope of this document
190 This part of IEC 60364 defines the scope and objective of the IEC 60364 series and specifies
191 the fundamental safety requirements for an electrical installation.
192 This document addresses the fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics
193 and definitions of low-voltage electrical installations.
194 1.1.2 Scope of the IEC 60364 series
195 The International Standards of the IEC 60364 series specify the rules for the design, erection,
196 and verification of low-voltage electrical installations. The rules are provided for the safety of
197 human beings (persons), livestock and property against dangers and damage which can arise
198 from the intended use of low-voltage electrical installations and for the proper functioning of
199 those installations.
200 EXAMPLES: A non-comprehensive list of electrical installations or systems includes:
201 – residential premises;
202 – commercial premises;
203 – public premises;
204 – industrial premises;
205 – agricultural and horticultural premises;
206 – prefabricated buildings;
207 – caravans, caravan sites and similar sites;
208 – construction sites, exhibitions, fairs and other installations for temporary purposes;
209 – marinas;
210 – external lighting and similar installations;
211 – medical locations;
212 – mobile or transportable units;
213 – photovoltaic systems;
214 – stationary secondary batteries;
215 – low-voltage generating sets;
216 – temporary connected batteries (e.g. EV).
217 NOTE 1 "Premises" covers the land and all facilities including buildings belonging to it.
218 The International Standards of the IEC 60364 series covers
219 – circuits supplied at nominal voltages up to and including 1000 V AC or 1500 V DC; for AC,
220 the preferred frequencies which are taken into account in this standard are 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
221 The use of other frequencies is not excluded.
222 – circuits, other than the internal wiring of apparatus, operating at voltages exceeding
223 1000 V AC or 1500 V DC and derived from an installation having a nominal voltage not
224 exceeding 1000 V AC or 1500 V DC, for example, discharge lighting, electrostatic
225 precipitators;
226 – fixed wiring for information and communication technology (ICT), signalling, etc., including
227 installation and support of fibre optic cables;
228 – Wiring systems and cables not specifically covered by the standards for appliances.
229 The International Standards of the IEC 60364 series applies to:
230 • alterations or extensions of the installation, or both;
231 • parts of the existing installation affected by modifications, extensions or alterations;
232 • the design of functional aspects, such as energy efficiency, local production and storage of
233 energy (prosuming).
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234 The International Standards of the IEC 60364 series applies to any kind of low-voltage electrical
235 installation or system, except:
236 a) electric traction equipment, including rolling stock and signalling equipment;
237 b) electrical circuits and equipment for automotive purposes within motor vehicles;
238 c) electrical installations of ships and of mobile and fixed offshore units;
239 d) electrical installations in aircraft;
240 e) public street-lighting installations which are part of the public electric power network;
241 f) installations in mines and quarries.
242 Electrical equipment is dealt with only in so far as its selection and application in the installation
243 are concerned.
244 The International Standards of the IEC 60364 series does not apply to the selection and
245 erection of the following electrical equipment:
246 i) radio interference suppression equipment, except where it affects the safety of the
247 installation;
248 ii) electric fences;
249 iii) external lightning protection systems for buildings (LPS);
250 NOTE 2 Atmospheric phenomena are covered in IEC 60364-1 but only in so far as effects on the electrical
251 installations are concerned (for example, with respect to selection of surge protective devices).
252 iv) electrical equipment of machines.
253 The International Standards of the IEC 60364 series is not intended to apply to low-voltage
254 public distribution networks.
255 1.2 Normative references
256 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
257 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
258 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
259 amendments) applies.
260 IEC 60050-195, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 195: Earthing and
261 protection against electric shock, available at http://www.electropedia.org
262 IEC 60050-826, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 826: Electrical
263 installations, available at http://www.electropedia.org
264 1.3 Terms and definitions
265 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-195 and
266 IEC 60050-826 and the following apply.
267 ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
268 addresses:
269 • IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
270 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
271 1.3.1
272 diversity
273 prospective simultaneous demand of a group of electrical loads
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274 1.3.2
275 generating set
276 equipment converting non-electrical energy into electrical energy
277 1.4 Structure of the IEC 60364 series
278 The IEC 60364 series consists of six main parts:
279 • IEC 60364-1 "Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics and
280 definitions"
281 This document defines the scope and objective of the IEC 60364 series and specifies the
282 fundamental safety requirements for an electrical installation.
283 • IEC 60364-4 series "Protection for safety"
284 These documents specify the functional requirements for protection, taking into account the
285 fundamental safety requirements given in this document.
286 • IEC 60364-5 series "Selection and erection of equipment"
287 These documents specify requirements for the selection and erection of electrical equipment
288 to fulfil the functional safety requirements of the IEC 60364-4 series and the fundamental
289 safety requirements given in this document.
290 • IEC 60364-6 "Verification"
291 This document specifies the requirements for verification and testing to show compliance
292 with the requirements of the other parts of the IEC 60364 series. Requirements for reporting
293 the verifications and testing are also given.
294 • IEC 60364-7 series "Requirements for special installations or locations"
295 These documents specify specific requirements for special installations or locations. These
296 requirements either modify, replace or complement the requirements of the other parts of
297 the IEC 60364 series.
298 • IEC 60364-8 series "Functional aspects"
299 These documents specify requirements related to functional aspects only. However, these
300 requirements can impact the safety requirements of the other parts of the IEC 60364 series.
301 Annex A gives additional information on the structure.
302 1.5 Fundamental principles
303 1.5.1 Protection for safety
304 1.5.1.1 General
305 The requirements stated in 1.5.1.2 to 1.5.2.8 are intended to provide for the safety of human
306 beings, livestock and property against dangers and damage which can arise from the intended
307 use of an electrical installation, including its connected current using equipment, under all
308 operating conditions. The requirements to provide for the safety of livestock are applicable in
309 locations intended for them.
310 NOTE In electrical installations, hazards that can arise include:
311 – electric shock;
312 – excessive temperatures likely to cause burns, fires and other harmful effects;
313 – ignition of a potentially explosive atmosphere;
314 – undervoltages, overvoltages and electromagnetic influences likely to cause or result in injury or damage;
315 – power supply interruptions or interruption of safety services;
316 – arcing likely to cause fire, burns or blinding effects, excessive pressure, or toxic gases;
317 – mechanical movement of electrically activated equipment.
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318 1.5.1.2 Protection against electric shock
319 1.5.1.2.1 Basic protection
320 Protection shall be provided against dangers to human beings and livestock that can arise from
321 contact with live parts.
322 This protection may be achieved by one of the following methods:
323 – preventing a current from passing through the body of a human being or livestock;
324 – limiting the current which can pass through a body to a non-hazardous value.
325 1.5.1.2.2 Fault protection
326 Protection shall be provided against dangers to human beings and livestock that can arise from
327 contact with exposed-conductive-parts.
328 This protection may be achieved by one, or a combination, of the following methods:
329 – preventing a current resulting from a fault from passing through the body of a human being
330 or livestock;
331 – limiting the magnitude of a current resulting from a fault, which can pass through a body of
332 a human being or livestock, to a non-hazardous value;
333 – limiting the duration of a current resulting from a fault, which can pass through a body of a
334 human being or livestock, to a non-hazardous time period.
335 1.5.1.2.3 Additional protection
336 In certain cases, further protection of human beings and livestock is necessary, and additional
337 protection shall then be provided.
338 1.5.1.3 Protection against thermal effects
339 The electrical installation shall be arranged so that human beings, livestock, property and the
340 environment adjacent to the electrical equipment are protected against harmful thermal effects
341 caused by the electrical equipment.
342 EXAMPLE Thermal effects can be the following:
343 – combustion;
344 – degradation of materials;
345 – electric arcing;
346 – burns resulting from high temperatures.
347 1.5.1.4 Protection against overcurrent
348 Human beings and livestock shall be protected against injury, and property shall be protected
349 against damage due to excessive temperatures or electromechanical stresses caused by
350 overcurrent likely to arise in conductors.
351 Protection may be achieved by limiting overcurrent to a safe value or duration, or both.
352 1.5.1.5 Protection against fault current
353 Human beings and livestock shall be protected against injury, and property shall be protected
354 against damage caused by fault current.
355 Protection may be achieved by limiting fault current to a safe value or duration, or both.
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356 1.5.1.6 Protection against voltage disturbances
357 Human beings and livestock shall be protected against injury, and property shall be protected
358 against any harmful effects, as a consequence of a fault between live parts of circuits supplied
359 at different voltages.
360 Human beings and livestock shall be protected against injury, and property shall be protected
361 against damage, as a consequence of overvoltages such as those originating from atmospheric
362 events or from switching.
363 Human beings and livestock shall be protected against injury, and property shall be protected
364 against damage, as a consequence of undervoltage and any subsequent voltage recovery.
365 1.5.1.7 Protection against power supply interruptions
366 Where danger or damage is foreseen to arise due to an interruption of power supply, suitable
367 provisions shall be made in the installation or installed equipment.
368 1.5.1.8 Protection against the effects of electromagnetic interference
369 The installation shall have an adequate level of immunity against electromagnetic disturbances.
370 Consideration shall be given to any anticipated electromagnetic emission generated by the
371 installation or installed equipment.
372 1.5.2 Design
373 1.5.2.1 General
374 For the design of the electrical installation, the following shall be taken into account :
375 – the protection of human beings, livestock and property in accordance with 1.5.1;
376 – the proper functioning of the electrical installation for the intended use;
377 – the foreseeable future needs (e.g. increased capacity, energy storage possibilities).
378 The information required as a basis for design is listed in 1.5.2.2 to 1.5.2.5. The requirements
379 with which the design shall comply are stated in 1.5.2.6 to 1.5.2.13. Other aspects to be
380 considered are given in 1.5.2.14 to 1.5.2.19.
381 The electrical installations shall be designed so that the operation of a device or the insertion
382 of an external connection cannot intentionally create a fault.
383 1.5.2.2 Power supplies
384 1.5.2.2.1 Characteristics of power supplies
385 In order to design a safe installation, relevant characteristics of the power supply or power
386 supplies are required. The characteristics of a power supply shall be determined by calculation,
387 measurement or enquiry (e.g. from the distribution system operator, manufacturer). Changes to
388 the characteristics of a power supply can affect the safety of the installation.
389 EXAMPLE A supply can be a network, generators, power convertor equipment, inverters, transformers .
390 The following characteristics, as applicable, shall be determined:
391 a) nature of current: alternating current or direct current, or both;
392 b) function of conductors:
393 • for alternating current:
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394 – line conductor(s);
395 – neutral conductor;
396 – mid-point conductor;
397 – protective conductor;
398 • for direct current:
399 – line conductor(s);
400 – mid-point conductor;
401 – protective conductor;
402 The function of some conductors may be combined in a single conductor.
403 c) the presence of galvanic separation;
404 d) values and tolerances:
405 • voltage and voltage tolerances;
406 • voltage interruptions, voltage fluctuations and voltage dips;
407 • frequency and frequency tolerances;
408 • maximum allowable current;
409 • prospective short-circuit currents;
410 NOTE 1 For voltages and frequencies, see IEC 60038.
411 e) protective provisions inherent in the power supply;
412 f) bi-directional energy flow;
413 g) particular requirements of the operator of the supply network, e.g. distribution system
414 operator (DSO).
415 NOTE 2 In some countries, a DSO is also referred to as a distribution network operator (DNO).
416 1.5.2.2.2 Electrical supply systems for safety services and standby electric supply
417 systems
418 Where the provision of safety services or a standby system are required, the characteristics of
419 the sources of the power supply for these systems shall be assessed separately. Such supplies
420 shall have adequate capacity, reliability and rating and appropriate change over time for the
421 operation specified.
422 NOTE 1 Safety services can be required by the authorities concerned with fire precautions and other conditions for
423 emergency evacuation of the premises, or by the person specifying the installation.
424 NOTE 2 Standby supplies can be required by the person specify the installation.
425 Where there is an electrical supply system for safety services or a standby electric supply
426 system, all of the following shall be determined:
427 – source of power supply (nature, characteristics);
428 – circuits to be supplied by the electric source for safety services;
429 – circuits to be supplied by the standby electric source.
430 1.5.2.3 Nature of demand
431 The demand of the installation shall be determined to facilitate an energy-efficient, economic,
432 reliable and safe design.
433 Based on the demand, the number and type of circuits required shall be determined by:
434 – location of points of power demand;
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435 – loads to be expected on the various circuits;
436 – sources to be expected on the various circuits;
437 – pattern of an individual demand;
438 – daily and yearly variation of demands;
439 – simultaneous use of individual different demands, i.e. diversity;
440 – any special conditions such as harmonics;
441 – requirements for control, signalling, information and communication technology, etc;
442 – electrical energy efficiency;
443 – anticipated future demand if specified.
444 1.5.2.4 Environmental conditions
445 The design of the electrical installation shall take into account the environmental conditions to
446 which it will be subjected.
447 1.5.2.5 Cross-sectional area of conductors
448 The cross-sectional area of conductors shall be determined considering both normal operating
449 conditions and fault conditions, taking into account:
450 a) their admissible maximum temperature;
451 b) the admissible voltage drop;
452 c) the electromechanical stresses likely to occur due to overcurrents;
453 d) other mechanical stresses to which the conductors can be subjected;
454 e) the maximum impedance with respect to the functioning of the protection against fault
455 currents;
456 f) the method of installation;
457 g) the harmonic currents.
458 NOTE The items listed above concern primarily the safety of electrical installations. Cross -sectional areas greater
459 than those required for safety can be desirable for economic operation.
460 1.5.2.6 Type of wiring and methods of installation
461 For the choice of the type of wiring and the methods of installation the following shall be taken
462 into account:
463 – characteristics of the locations;
464 – characteristics of the structure supporting the wiring;
465 – accessibility of wiring to human beings and livestock;
466 – voltage;
467 – the electromechanical stresses likely to occur due to overcurrents;
468 – electromagnetic interference;
469 – other stresses to which the wiring can be subjected during the erection of the electrical
470 installation or when in service.
471 1.5.2.7 Protective equipment
472 The characteristics of protective equipment shall be determined with respect to their function
473 which may be, for example, the protection against the effects of:
474 – overload current;
475 – short-circuit current;
476 – earth fault current;
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477 – overvoltage;
478 – undervoltage and no voltage;
479 – arcs.
480 The protective devices shall operate at values of current, voltage and time which are suitably
481 related to the characteristics of the circuits, including determination of unidirectional or
482 bidirectional current flow, and to the possibilities of danger.
483 1.5.2.8 Emergency switching off
484 Where, in case of danger, there is the necessity for the immediate interruption of the power
485 supply to current-using equipment or to a part of the installation, an interrupting device shall be
486 installed to disconnect the current-using equipment or part of the installation from all sources
487 in the installation. The interrupting device shall be installed in such a way that it can be easily
488 recognized and effectively and rapidly operated.
489 1.5.2.9 Isolation
490 Devices shall be provided for the isolation of the electrical installation, circuits or individual
491 items of electrical equipment as required for inspection, maintenance, repair and fault
492 correction.
493 1.5.2.10 Functional switching
494 Devices shall be provided for the switching of the electrical installation, circuits or individual
495 items of electrical equipment as required for normal operation.
496 1.5.2.11 Prevention of mutual detrimental influence
497 The electrical installation shall be arranged in such a way that no mutual detrimental influence
498 will occur between electrical installations and non-electrical installations. Electromagnetic
499 interference shall be taken into account.
500 1.5.2.12 Accessibility of electrical equipment
501 The electrical equipment shall be arranged to provide:
502 – sufficient space for the initial installation and later replacement of individual items of
503 electrical equipment;
504 – accessibility for operation, inspection, testing, commissioning, fault detection, maintenance
505 and repair.
506 1.5.2.13 Additions and alterations to an installation
507 No addition or alteration, temporary or permanent, shall be made to an existing installation,
508 unless it has been ascertained that the rating and the condition of any existing associated
509 equipment will be adequate for the altered circumstances. Furthermore, the earthing and
510 bonding arrangements, if necessary for the protective measure applied for the safety of the
511 addition or alteration, shall be adequate.
512 1.5.2.14 Electrical energy efficiency
513 During design and erection of low-voltage electrical installations, consideration shall be given
514 to optimize the use of electrical energy of the installation, i.e. the electrical energy efficiency,
515 including features for local production and storage of electrical energy.
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516 1.5.2.15 Local production and storage of electrical energy (prosumer)
517 Systems for local production and systems for storage of electric energy shall be considered.
518 Special considerations shall be taken where such systems are utilized in parallel with other
519 sources.
520 1.5.2.16 Communication means
521 Where a communication means is installed to control equipment of the installation and is
522 connected to an information and communication technology (ICT) system external to the
523 electrical installation (e.g. circuit-breaker, smart meter, energy management system, building
524 management system), cybersecurity shall be considered.
525 1.5.2.17 Documentation for the electrical installation
526 Every electrical installation shall be provided with appropriate documentation.
527 NOTE Documentation for the installation can be stored in an electronic format.
528 1.5.2.18 Division of installation
529 Every installation shall be divided into circuits, as necessary, to:
530 – avoid danger and minimize inconvenience in the event of a fault;
531 – facilitate safe inspection, testing and maintenance;
532 – take into account any danger that can arise from the failure of a single circuit;
533 – reduce the possibility of unwanted tripping of RCDs due to
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