EN 60401-1:2005
(Main)Terms and nomenclature for cores made of magnetically soft ferrites - Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities
Terms and nomenclature for cores made of magnetically soft ferrites - Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities
Provides a nomenclature of the most frequent surface, bulk, and shape irregularities relevant to cores made of ferrites (magnetic oxides). Also recommends a consistent scheme for specifying the exact location of the irregularity, combining a general name for the location with more detailed qualifiers of the specified location.
Begriffe und Bezeichnungssystem für Kerne aus weichmagnetischen Materialien - Teil 1: Begriffsfestlegungen für physikalische Beschädigungen
Termes et nomenclature pour noyaux en matériaux ferrites magnétiquement doux - Partie 1: Termes utilisés pour les irrégularités physiques
Fournit une nomenclature des irrégularités de surface, de structure interne et de forme les plus fréquentes correspondant aux noyaux en ferrites (oxydes magnétiques). Recommande également un programme cohérent pour spécifier l'emplacement exact de l'irrégularité, en associant un nom général pour l'emplacement à des qualifiants plus détaillés de l'emplacement spécifié.
Pojmi in nomenklatura za jedra iz mehkomagnetnih feritov – 1. del: Pojmi, uporabljeni za fizikalne nepravilnosti (IEC 60401-1:2002)
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SLOVENSKI SIST EN 60401-1:2005
STANDARD
december 2005
Pojmi in nomenklatura za jedra iz mehkomagnetnih feritov – 1. del: Pojmi,
uporabljeni za fizikalne nepravilnosti (IEC 60401-1:2002)
Terms and nomenclature for cores made of magnetically soft ferrites – Part 1:
Terms used for physical irregularities (IEC 60401-1:2002)
ICS 01.040.29; 29.100.10 Referenčna številka
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60401-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2005
ICS 29.100.10
English version
Terms and nomenclature for cores made of magnetically soft ferrites
Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities
(IEC 60401-1:2002)
Termes et nomenclature pour noyaux en Begriffe und Bezeichnungssystem für
matériaux ferrites magnétiquement doux Kerne aus weichmagnetischen Materialien
Partie 1: Termes utilisés Teil 1: Begriffsfestlegungen für
pour les irrégularités physiques physikalische Beschädigungen
(CEI 60401-1:2002) (IEC 60401-1:2002)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60401-1:2005 E
Foreword
The text of the International Standard IEC 60401-1:2002, prepared by IEC TC 51, Magnetic
components and ferrite materials, was submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 60401-1 on 2005-02-01 without any modification.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-02-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-02-01
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60401-1:2002 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60401-1
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2002-12
Termes et nomenclature pour noyaux
en matériaux ferrites magnétiquement doux –
Partie 1:
Termes utilisés pour les irrégularités physiques
Terms and nomenclature for cores
made of magnetically soft ferrites –
Part 1:
Terms used for physical irregularities
IEC 2002 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
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électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
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CODE PRIX
R
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
60401-1 IEC:2002 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TERMS AND NOMENCLATURE FOR CORES
MADE OF MAGNETICALLY SOFT FERRITES –
Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60401-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 51:
Magnetic components and ferrite materials.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
51/692/FDIS 51/698/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 60401 consists of the following parts, under the general title: Terms and nomenclature for
cores made of magnetically soft ferrites:
Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities
Part 2: Reference of dimensions (under consideration)
Part 3: Guide on the format of data appearing in manufacturers’ catalogues of transformer
and inductor cores (under consideration)
Part 3 will cancel and replace the existing IEC 60401 published in 1993.
60401-1 IEC:2002 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2006.
At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60401-1 IEC:2002 – 7 –
TERMS AND NOMENCLATURE FOR CORES
MADE OF MAGNETICALLY SOFT FERRITES –
Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60401 provides a nomenclature of the most frequent surface, bulk, and shape
irregularities relevant to cores made of ferrites (magnetic oxides). Most irregularities are
graphically exemplified as visual aids. A general recommendation is also given for a
consistent scheme for specifying the exact location of the irregularity, combining a general
name for the location with more detailed qualifiers of the specified location. This standard can
also be useful as a terminology reference when preparing technical documentation,
irregularity inspection specifications, etc.
2 General overview
Physical irregularities mean here the surface irregularities, bulk irregularities and shape
irregularities. The irregularity here stands for inconsistency of the state or quality of the part’s
surface, bulk or shape with its intended regularity. These irregularities are considered here in
the macroscopic scale, i.e. within the range of linear dimensions of irregularities from one
micrometre to tens of millimetres.
There is a great variety of surface, bulk and shape irregularities degrading the quality of parts
made of ferrites. Different types of these irregularities may often occur together and overlap
one another.
Each type of irregularity is, in general, produced by one or more of the following: an
incorrectly or inaccurately performed manufacturing step, or improper handling, grinding,
packing or transportation.
The extent of the quality degradation is dependent on the type, scale, and combination of
irregularities being present as well as on their locations on the part. There are locations
particularly sensitive to the degrading effect of the specific types of irregularities.
The irregularities may in extreme cases give a detrimental or critical effect to magnetic,
electric and mechanical performances of the part. Operations performed on the part, such as
marking, winding, assembling and mounting, can also be adversely affected by the
irregularities.
An ongoing tendency to upgrade the overall quality of the parts results in more stringent
restrictions being imposed on the quantity of irregularities in these parts.
This brings about a need for a set of definitions, or nomenclature, which would be a primary
basis for approaches to irregularities and their location issues.
Therefore, this nomenclature is intended to be used as a uniform reference when formulating
more detailed descriptions of irregularities at specified locations, requirements and
procedures related to the inspection and assessment of irregularities. This nomenclature can
also be useful with regard to methods and tools used for detection, recognition and
classification of irregularities.
60401-1 IEC:2002 – 9 –
3 General terms
3.1
surface irregularity
unintentional state or appearance of the surfaces, edges and corners of the part
NOTE Some surface irregularities, if excessive, can so deform contours and surfaces of the part, that they may
also be classified as shape irregularities.
3.2
shape irregularity
unintentional deformation of the contour lines or surfaces delimiting the shape of the part
NOTE In some cases, shape irregularities smaller than quoted tolerances may still disqualify the part.
3.3
bulk irregularity
unintentional inhomogeneity inside the part
3.4
tolerance (dimensional)
allowable difference between nominal and permissible limit dimensions of contour lines
defining the part’s shape
3.5
location (of the irregularity)
position on or within the part where the irregularity is present
4 Surface irregularities
4.1
chip
Lack of surface material generally caused by mechanical impact during handling or grinding
NOTE In almost all cases, they are located on the edges of surfaces.
According to specific locations, the chips are sub-classified:
4.1.1
surface chip
chip located only on the core surface
x-x
xx
IEC 3145/02
60401-1 IEC:2002 – 11 –
4.1.2
edge chip
chip located only on the core edge
y
y
y-y
y -y
1 1
y
y
IEC 3146/02
4.1.3
corner chip
chip located only in a corner
z
z-z
z
IEC 3147/02
4.1.4
pull-out
consequence of the removal of the surface layer of the core due to die “sticking”, which
occurs on surfaces perpendicular to the direction of pressing action
NOTE A pull-out with depth greater than 1 mm should be considered as a chip.
x-x
x x
IEC 3148/02
4.1.5
crater
blind hole with depth comparable to or greater than its diameter
x
x-x
x
IEC 3149/02
4.2 Protruding (convex) irregularities
4.2.1
hump
elevation of rounded contour on the relevant surface
x-x
x
x
IEC 3150/02
60401-1 IEC:2002 – 13 –
4.2.2
attached particles
any particle on the surface which cannot be removed by compressed-air, cleaning, washing or
wiping
IEC 3151/02
4.2.3
inclusions
millimetre or sub-millimetre-sized foreign bodies located in the surface of the part (refer to 5.2)
4.3 Edge irregularities
4.3.1
ragged edge
edge affected by a series of small chips
IEC 3152/02
4.3.2
flash
sharp feather-edge wall extending beyond the intended contour surface of the core
A
A
IEC 3153/02
4.4 Crack irregularities
4.4.1
crack
surface irregularity which has a width much smaller than its length, and penetrates into the
core
Specific types of ‘cracks’ can be sub-classified:
4.4.2
single-surface narrow crack
crack located on a single surface, not going beyond its edges, and with width not exceeding a
specified limit (e.g. 0,1 mm) anywhere along the crack path on the surface
x-x
xx
IEC 3154/02
60401-1 IEC:2002 – 15 –
4.4.3
single-surface broad crack
crack located on a single surface, not going beyond its edges, and with width equal to or
exceeding the limit specified for narrow crack anywhere along the crack path on the surface
x
x-x
x
IEC 3155/02
4.4.4
edge narrow crack
crack located on two adjacent surfaces and crossing their common edge, with width not
exceeding a specified limit (e.g. 0,1 mm) anywhere along the crack path on these surfaces
IEC 3156/02
4.4.5
edge broad crack
crack located on two adjacent surfaces and crossing their common edge, with width equal to
or exceeding the limit specified for narrow crack anywhere along the crack path on these
surfaces
IEC
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