IEC TS 60034-31:2010

Rotating electrical machines - Part 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed applications - Application guide

IEC/TS 60034-31:2010 provides a guideline of technical aspects for the application of energy-efficient, three-phase, electric motors. It not only applies to motor manufacturers, original equipment manufacturers, end users, regulators and legislators but to all other interested parties. Is applicable to all electrical machines covered by IEC 60034-30.

Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 31: Choix des moteurs éconergétiques incluant les applications à vitesse variable - Guide d'application

La CEI/TS 60034-31:2010 donne une ligne directrice concernant les aspects techniques relatifs à l'application des moteurs électriques éconergétiques triphasés. Elle s'applique non seulement aux fabricants de moteurs, aux fabricants originaux d'équipement, aux utilisateurs finaux, aux autorités de réglementation et aux législateurs, mais également à toutes les autres parties intéressées. Est applicable à toutes les machines électriques couvertes par la CEI 60034-30.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 25-Apr-2010
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 29.160.01 - Rotating machinery in general
• Technical Committee: TC 2 - Rotating machinery
• Drafting Committee: WG 31 - TC 2/WG 31
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 11-Jul-2018
• Completion Date: 17-Mar-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC/TS 60034-31 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION
TECHNIQUE
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed
applications – Application guide

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 31: Choix des moteurs éconergétiques incluant les applications à vitesse
variable – Guide d’application

IEC/TS 60034-31:2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
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Centre FAQ or contact us:
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A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
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publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 20 000 termes et
définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en ligne.
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Service clients ou contactez-nous:
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IEC/TS 60034-31 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION
TECHNIQUE
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed
applications – Application guide

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 31: Choix des moteurs éconergétiques incluant les applications à vitesse
variable – Guide d’application

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
X
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.160 ISBN 978-2-88910-023-1
– 2 – TS 60034-31 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.7
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .8
3.1 Terms and definitions .8
3.2 Symbols .8
4 General .9
5 Efficiency .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Motor losses.11
5.3 Additional motor-losses when operated on a frequency converter.12
5.4 Motors for higher efficiency classes.12
5.5 Variations in motor losses .13
5.6 Part load efficiency.14
5.7 Efficiency testing methods.15
5.8 Power factor (see Figure 4) .16
5.9 Matching motors and variable frequency converters .17
5.10 Motors rated for 50 Hz and 60 Hz.18
5.11 Motors rated for different voltages or a voltage range.20
5.12 Motors rated for operation at frequencies other than 50/60 Hz.20
5.13 Variable frequency converter efficiency .20
5.14 Frequency converter power factor .22
6 Environment .22
6.1 Starting performance.22
6.2 Operating speed and slip.23
6.3 Effects of power quality and variation in voltage and frequency .23
6.4 Effects of voltage unbalance .23
6.5 Effects of ambient temperature.24
7 Applications.24
7.1 General .24
7.2 Energy savings by speed control (variable speed drives, VSD).24
7.3 Correct sizing of the motor .24
7.4 Continuous duty application .25
7.5 Applications involving extended periods of light load operations.25
7.6 Applications involving overhauling loads.26
7.7 Applications where load-torque is increasing with speed (pumps, fans,
compressors, etc.).26
7.8 Applications involving frequent starts and stops and/or mechanical braking.27
7.9 Applications involving explosive gas or dust atmospheres .27
8 Economy .28
8.1 Relevance to users.28
8.2 Initial purchase cost .28
8.3 Operating cost.29
8.4 Rewinding cost.30
8.5 Payback time.31

TS 60034-31 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
8.6 Life cycle cost .31
9 Maintenance.32
Annex A (informative) Super-premium efficiency (IE4) .34
Bibliography.40

Figure 1 – Overview of different areas for savings of electrical energy with drive
systems .9
Figure 2 – Typical losses of energy-efficient motors, converters and electro-
mechanical brakes.10
Figure 3 – Typical efficiency versus load curve bands for three-phase, cage-induction
motors of different output power ranges (approximately 1,1 kW, 15 kW and 150 kW).14
Figure 4 – Typical power factor versus load curve bands for three-phase, cage-
induction motors of different output power ranges (approximately 1,1 kW, 15 kW and
150 kW) .16
Figure 5 – Typical reduction of energy efficiency in %-points for 4-pole, low-voltage
motors between 50 Hz and 60 Hz when compared at the same torque (60 Hz power 20
% increased).19
Figure 6 – Typical reduction of energy efficiency in %-points for 4-pole, low-voltage
motors between 50 Hz and 60 Hz when compared at the same output power (60 Hz
torque 20 % reduced) .19
Figure 7 – Typical efficiency of indirect three-phase voltage source type converters
with a passive front-end for typical load points of pumps, fans and compressors .20
Figure 8 – Typical efficiency of indirect three-phase voltage source type converters
with a passive front-end for typical load points of constant torque.21
Figure 9 – Typical variations of current, speed, power factor and efficiency with
voltage for constant output power .23
Figure 10 – Potential energy savings by improvement of efficiency classes for motors
running at rated load.25
Figure 11 – Typical torque versus speed curves for 11 kW, 4-pole, three-phase, cage-
induction motors and load versus speed curves for speed-square-loads .26
Figure 12 – 11 kW IE3 motor operated at full load, 4 000 operating hours per year, 15
years life cycle.28
Figure 13 – Example of a load factor graph: fraction of annual operating hours .29
Figure 14 – Life cycle cost analysis of an 11 kW motor operating at full load .32
Figure A.1 – IE4 efficiency limits.39

Table 1 – Loss distribution in three-phase, 4-pole, cage-induction electric motor
...

IEC/TS 60034-31 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION
TECHNIQUE
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed
applications – Application guide

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 31: Choix des moteurs éconergétiques incluant les applications à vitesse
variable – Guide d’application

IEC/TS 60034-31:2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or

IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.

Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette

publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
ƒ Catalogue des publications de la CEI: www.iec.ch/searchpub/cur_fut-f.htm
Le Catalogue en-ligne de la CEI vous permet d’effectuer des recherches en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence,
texte, comité d’études,…). Il donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications retirées ou remplacées.
ƒ Just Published CEI: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just Published détaille deux fois par mois les nouvelles
publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 20 000 termes et
définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en ligne.
ƒ Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv_entry-f.htm
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions, visitez le FAQ du
Service clients ou contactez-nous:
Email: [e-mail]
Tél.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
IEC/TS 60034-31 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION
TECHNIQUE
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 31: Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed
applications – Application guide

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 31: Choix des moteurs éconergétiques incluant les applications à vitesse
variable – Guide d’application

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
X
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.160 ISBN 978-2-88910-023-1
– 2 – TS 60034-31 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5

INTRODUCTION.7

1 Scope.8

2 Normative references .8

3 Terms, definitions and symbols .8

3.1 Terms and definitions .8

3.2 Symbols .8

4 General .9
5 Efficiency .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Motor losses.11
5.3 Additional motor-losses when operated on a frequency converter.12
5.4 Motors for higher efficiency classes.12
5.5 Variations in motor losses .13
5.6 Part load efficiency.14
5.7 Efficiency testing methods.15
5.8 Power factor (see Figure 4) .16
5.9 Matching motors and variable frequency converters .17
5.10 Motors rated for 50 Hz and 60 Hz.18
5.11 Motors rated for different voltages or a voltage range.20
5.12 Motors rated for operation at frequencies other than 50/60 Hz.20
5.13 Variable frequency converter efficiency .20
5.14 Frequency converter power factor .22
6 Environment .22
6.1 Starting performance.22
6.2 Operating speed and slip.23
6.3 Effects of power quality and variation in voltage and frequency .23
6.4 Effects of voltage unbalance .23
6.5 Effects of ambient temperature.24
7 Applications.24
7.1 General .24
7.2 Energy savings by speed control (variable speed drives, VSD).24

7.3 Correct sizing of the motor .24
7.4 Continuous duty application .25
7.5 Applications involving extended periods of light load operations.25
7.6 Applications involving overhauling loads.26
7.7 Applications where load-torque is increasing with speed (pumps, fans,
compressors, etc.).26
7.8 Applications involving frequent starts and stops and/or mechanical braking.27
7.9 Applications involving explosive gas or dust atmospheres .27
8 Economy .28
8.1 Relevance to users.28
8.2 Initial purchase cost .28
8.3 Operating cost.29
8.4 Rewinding cost.30
8.5 Payback time.31

TS 60034-31 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
8.6 Life cycle cost .31

9 Maintenance.32

Annex A (informative) Super-premium efficiency (IE4) .34

Bibliography.40

Figure 1 – Overview of different areas for savings of electrical energy with drive

systems .9

Figure 2 – Typical losses of energy-efficient motors, converters and electro-

mechanical brakes.10

Figure 3 – Typical efficiency versus load curve bands for three-phase, cage-induction
motors of different output power ranges (approximately 1,1 kW, 15 kW and 150 kW).14
Figure 4 – Typical power factor versus load curve bands for three-phase, cage-
induction motors of different output power ranges (approximately 1,1 kW, 15 kW and
150 kW) .16
Figure 5 – Typical reduction of energy efficiency in %-points for 4-pole, low-voltage
motors between 50 Hz and 60 Hz when compared at the same torque (60 Hz power 20
% increased).19
Figure 6 – Typical reduction of energy efficiency in %-points for 4-pole, low-voltage
motors between 50 Hz and 60 Hz when compared at the same output power (60 Hz
torque 20 % reduced) .19
Figure 7 – Typical efficiency of indirect three-phase voltage source type converters
with a passive front-end for typical load points of pumps, fans and compressors .20
Figure 8 – Typical efficiency of indirect three-phase voltage source type converters
with a passive front-end for typical load points of constant torque.21
Figure 9 – Typical variations of current, speed, power factor and efficiency with
voltage for constant output power .23
Figure 10 – Potential energy savings by improvement of efficiency classes for motors
running at rated load.25
Figure 11 – Typical torque versus speed curves for 11 kW, 4-pole, three-phase, cage-
induction motors and load versus speed curves for speed-square-loads .26
Figure 12 – 11 kW IE3 motor operated at full load, 4 000 operating hours per year, 15
years life cycle.28
Figure 13 – Example of a load factor graph: fraction of annual operating hours .29
Figure 14 – Life cycle cost analysis of an 11 kW motor operating at full load .32
Figure A.1 – IE4 efficiency limits.
...