IEC 60034-8:2026

Rotating electrical machines - Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation

IEC 60034-8:2026 applies to AC and DC machines and specifies:
a) rules for the identification of winding connection points;
b) marking of winding terminals;
c) direction of rotation;
d) relationship between terminal markings and direction of rotation;
e) terminal marking of auxiliary devices;
f) connection diagrams of machines for common applications.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007 and Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The inclusion of turbine-type synchronous machines in the scope.

Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 8: Marquages des bornes et sens de rotation

L'IEC 60034-8:2026 s'applique aux machines à courant alternatif et à courant continu et spécifie
a) les règles d'identification des points de couplage;
b) le marquage des bornes d'enroulement;
c) le sens de rotation;
d) la relation entre les marquages des bornes et le sens de rotation;
e) les marquages des bornes des appareils auxiliaires;
f) les schémas de connexion des machines pour applications communes.
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2007 et son Amendement 1:2014. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
L'inclusion des turbomachines synchrones dans le domaine d'application.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 01-Jun-2026
• ICS: 29.160.01 - Rotating machinery in general
• Technical Committee: TC 2 - Rotating machinery
• Drafting Committee: MT 3 - TC 2/MT 3
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 02-Jun-2026
• Completion Date: 22-May-2026

Relations

• Revises: IEC 60034-8:2007/AMD1:2014 - Amendment 1 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation
• Effective Date: 21-Jun-2024
• Revises: IEC 60034-8:2007 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation
• Effective Date: 03-May-2024

Overview

IEC 60034-8:2026 is the latest edition of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard addressing terminal markings and direction of rotation for rotating electrical machines. This comprehensive standard is applicable to both AC and DC machines, guiding the identification and marking of winding connection points and auxiliary device terminals, as well as defining the relationship between terminal markings and the direction of rotation.

The 2026 update marks a technical revision, most notably expanding its scope to include turbine-type synchronous machines. IEC 60034-8 aims to ensure the safe and consistent interchange and operation of electrical machines worldwide through standardized practices.

Key Topics

• Identification of Winding Connection Points: Clear rules for identifying and labeling winding connection points, critical for connection integrity and safety.
• Marking of Winding Terminals: Detailed alphanumeric systems for marking machine winding terminals, reducing confusion during installation and servicing.
• Direction of Rotation: Specifications for determining and indicating the correct direction of machine shaft rotation, essential for proper system operation.
• Relationship Between Terminal Markings and Rotation: Guidance to ensure that the connection configuration results in the correct rotational direction.
• Auxiliary Device Terminals: Standard methods for marking connections of auxiliary devices, including thermal protectors, capacitors, and switches.
• Connection Diagrams: A range of standardized diagrams for the most common machine applications, supporting correct installation and troubleshooting.
• Inclusion of Turbine-Type Synchronous Machines: Scope now covers a wider range of machine types for greater industry relevance.

Applications

IEC 60034-8:2026 provides practical value for anyone working with rotating electrical machines, including:

• Manufacturers: Enables the production of globally compatible machines with internationally recognized terminal markings, helping to meet export requirements and improve product clarity.
• Electrical Installers and Engineers: Assists in identifying correct terminal connections, minimizing the risk of errors that might cause malfunction or hazardous conditions.
• Maintenance Professionals: Facilitates efficient, accurate servicing by standardizing terminal assignments and their relationship to machine function and rotation.
• System Integrators: Ensures compatibility between machines and control/protection devices by establishing consistent marking conventions and connection diagrams.
• Standards Compliance: Simplifies regulatory compliance and inspection processes thanks to harmonized international requirements.

Related Standards

IEC 60034-8:2026 is part of the broader IEC 60034 series, which sets standards for rotating electrical machines worldwide. Other related and referenced standards include:

• IEC 60034-1 – Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance: The foundational standard for ratings and operational requirements.
• IEC 60034-3 – Rotating electrical machines – Specific requirements for synchronous generators driven by turbines: Covers synchronous generator specifics, which now relate to the expanded scope.
• IEC 60034-33 – Specific requirements for synchronous hydrogenerators including motor-generators: Addresses hydrogenerator and motor-generator requirements.
• IEC 60417-1 – Graphical symbols for use on equipment: Ensures consistency in the symbols used in terminal marking diagrams.
• IEC 60445 – Identification of equipment terminals and conductors: Reinforces safety and clarity for equipment markings.

For seamless operation, installation, and maintenance of rotating electrical machines, adherence to these interconnected standards supports global best practices in equipment identification, safety, and compatibility.

---

Keywords: IEC 60034-8:2026, rotating electrical machines, terminal markings, direction of rotation, AC machines, DC machines, auxiliary device marking, synchronous machines, standard electrical connections, global electrical standards, IEC compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60034-8 ®
Edition 4.0 2026-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8327-1220-7
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright
or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local
IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, content tailored to your needs.
replaced and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.
once a month by email. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer
Service Centre: [e-mail].
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 DC and single-phase commutator machines. 9
4.3 AC machines without commutator . 9
4.4 Auxiliary devices . 10
5 Direction of rotation . 10
6 Rules for terminal markings . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.1.1 Application. 10
6.1.2 Marking instructions. 11
6.1.3 Alphanumeric marking notation . 11
6.1.4 Duplicate winding terminals . 11
6.1.5 Shared terminals . 11
6.1.6 Omissions . 11
6.1.7 Earthing terminal . 11
6.2 Suffixes . 12
6.2.1 Winding elements . 12
6.2.2 Internal connections . 12
6.2.3 Tapping points . 12
6.3 Prefixes . 12
6.4 Winding identification for categories of Induction machines . 13
6.4.1 Three-phase machines . 13
6.4.2 Two-phase machines . 13
6.4.3 Single-phase machines . 13
6.4.4 Multiple three-phase group (for example, six-phase) machines . 13
6.5 Synchronous machines . 13
6.5.1 Primary windings of synchronous machines . 13
6.5.2 Field winding of synchronous machines . 13
6.5.3 Permanent magnet machines. 13
6.6 DC machines . 13
6.7 Relation between terminal markings and direction of rotation . 14
6.7.1 Multi-phase machines not covered by IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33 . 14
6.7.2 Multi-phase machines covered by IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33 . 14
6.7.3 Multi-phase, multi-speed machines . 14
6.7.4 Single-phase machines . 14
6.7.5 Multiple three-phase group (for example, six-phase) machines . 14
6.7.6 DC machines . 15
6.7.7 Relation between direction of current and magnetic field (DC machines) . 15
6.8 Terminal marking figures. 15
6.8.1 General . 15
6.8.2 Three-phase electrical machines . 15
6.8.3 Single-phase induction machines . 18
6.8.4 Multiple three-phase group (six-phase) machines . 18
6.8.5 DC machines . 18
7 Auxiliary terminal marking rules . 20
7.1 General . 20
7.2 Marking . 20
7.2.1 Power-related devices . 20
7.2.2 Thermal and measurement devices . 21
7.2.3 Switches . 22
Annex A (normative) Connection diagrams for common applications . 23
A.1 General . 23
A.2 Three-phase machines. 23
A.2.1 Single-speed stator windings . 23
A.2.2 Multi-speed stator windings . 26
A.3 Single-phase induction machines . 31
A.4 DC machines . 32
Bibliography . 34

Figure 1 – Single three-phase winding, three elements, open connection, six terminals . 15
Figure 2 – Single three-phase winding, delta connection, three terminals . 15
Figure 3 – Single three-phase winding, internal star connection with neutral conductor,
four terminals . 15
Figure 4 – Single three-phase winding, two elements per phase, open connection,
twelve terminals . 16
Figure 5 – Single three-phase winding, four elements per phase, open connection,
twenty-four terminals . 16
Figure 6 – Single three-phase winding, two elements per phase with four tapping
points per element, open connection, thirty-six terminals . 16
Figure 7 – Two separate three-phase windings with two independent functions, two
elements per phase, open connection, twenty-four terminals . 17
Figure 8 – Two elements, internal connection, three terminals . 17
Figure 9 – Single three-phase winding, star connection, duplicate terminals for
alternate connection, six terminals . 17
Figure 10 – Single three-phase winding, star connection, parallel terminals for shared
current, six terminals . 17
Figure 11 – Three-phase wound-rotor, star connections with neutral conductors, eight
terminals . 18
Figure 12 – Main and auxiliary winding, two elements . 18
Figure 13 – Single-phase auxiliary winding, integrally connected capacitor, one
element . 18
Figure 14 – Single-phase main winding, integrally connected thermal protector, one
element . 18
Figure 15 – Six-phase winding, open connection, six elements . 18
Figure 16 – Armature winding, one element . 18
Figure 17 – Commutating winding, one and two elements . 19
Figure 18 – Compensating winding, one and two elements . 19
Figure 19 – Series winding, one element, two tappings . 19
Figure 20 – Shunt excitation winding, one element . 19
Figure 21 – Separately excited excitation winding, one and two elements . 19
Figure 22 – Direct-axis auxiliary winding, one element . 19
Figure 23 – Quadrature-axis auxiliary winding, one element . 19
Figure 24 – Armature winding with commutating and compensating windings, one
element . 19
Figure 25 – Single-phase, single voltage . 20
Figure 26 – Single-phase dual voltage . 21
Figure 27 – Three-phase, single voltage . 21
Figure 28 – Three-phase dual voltage . 21
Figure 29 – Two-lead devices . 22
Figure 30 – Three-lead devices of type R . 22
Figure 31 – Four-lead devices of type R . 22
Figure 32 – Switch connections . 22
Figure A.1 – Delta connection . 23
Figure A.2 – Star connection – with or without neutral . 23
Figure A.3 – Dual voltage, six terminals (U : U = 1: √3 ) . 23
Low High
Figure A.4 – Star-connected, dual voltage, nine terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 24
Low High
Figure A.5 – Delta-connected, dual voltage, nine terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 24
Low High
Figure A.6 – Star-delta, single voltage, six terminals . 24
Figure A.7 – Star-delta, dual voltage, twelve terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 25
Low High
Figure A.8 – Part-winding, single voltage, six terminals . 25
Figure A.9 – Part-winding, dual voltage, nine terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 26
Low High
Figure A.10 – Variable-torque, six terminals . 26
Figure A.11 – Variable-torque, dual-voltage (U : U = 1: √3 ), nine terminals . 27
Low High
Figure A.12 – Constant-torque, six terminals . 28
Figure A.13 – Constant power, six terminals . 28
Figure A.14 – Variable-torque, six terminals . 29
Figure A.15 – Constant-torque, seven terminals . 29
Figure A.16 – Constant-power, seven terminals . 29
Figure A.17 – Example of three-speed, constant torque motor using two separate
windings, ten terminals . 30
Figure A.18 – Example of three-speed motor using three separate windings, ten
terminals . 30
Figure A.19 – Example of four-speed, variable-torque motor using two separate
windings, twelve terminals . 31
Figure A.20 – Split-phase or capacitor-start reversible motor . 31
Figure A.21 – Reversible capacitor-start motor with four terminals with externally
connected capacitor . 32
Figure A.22 – Shunt motor or generator, four terminals . 32
Figure A.23 – Compound-motor or generator with compensating and commutating
windings, six terminals . 32
Figure A.24 – Series-wound motor, two terminals . 33

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not] received notice of (a) patent(s),
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
https://patents.iec.ch. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60034-8 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2: Rotating machinery. It is an
International Standard.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007 and
Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) The inclusion of turbine-type synchronous machines in the scope.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
2/2291/FDIS 2/2309/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
A list of all the parts of the IEC 60034 series, under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
INTRODUCTION
The revision of this part of IEC 60034 provides worldwide uniformity in the electrical
connections for rotating electrical machines and applies the recommendations of the basic
safety publication IEC 60445 in specifying marking requirements.
These standardized connections will then enable the safe interchange of electric machines with
their control and protective devices using standardized terminal markings.
NOTE Electrical connections of the machines are not the unique feature to be checked for safe interchange.

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 applies to AC and DC machines and specifies
a) rules for the identification of winding connection points;
b) marking of winding terminals;
c) direction of rotation;
d) relationship between terminal markings and direction of rotation;
e) terminal marking of auxiliary devices;
f) connection diagrams of machines for common applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-3, Rotating electrical machines - Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous
generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines and for synchronous
compensators
IEC 60034-33, Rotating electrical machines - Part 33: Synchronous hydrogenerators including
motor-generators - Specific requirements
IEC 60417-1, Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 1: Overview and application
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification -
Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
terminal marking
permanent identification of the external termination of winding leads or auxiliary leads at the
disposal of the user for connection of the machine to the supply or apparatus that indicates the
function of the termination
3.2
connection points
all current transfer points that are used to permanently interconnect winding or winding element
ends internally
3.3
tapping points
intermediate connections to a portion of a winding element
3.4
winding leads
insulated conductors that make the electrical connection between a winding and its termination
3.5
winding
assembly of turns or coils having a defined function in an electrical rotating machine
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-37-01]
3.6
winding phase
one or more winding elements associated with a particular phase
3.7
winding element
part of a winding in which all the turns or coils are permanently connected together
3.8
separate windings
two or more windings, each having a separate function, and not interconnected, used only
separately, whether fully or in part
3.9
multi-speed motor
motor, which can be operated at any one of two or more definite speeds
3.10
constant power
when a multi-speed motor provides approximately constant power over the speed range
3.11
constant torque
when a multi-speed motor provides approximately constant torque over the speed range
3.12
phase sequence
order in which the voltages successively reach their maximum positive values between supply
conductors
3.13
D-end
that end of the machine which accommodates the shaft end
Note 1 to entry: For machines having two shaft ends, the D-end is the end
a) having the larger diameter;
b) opposite the external fan when the shaft ends are of the same diameter.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-43-36]
4 Symbols
4.1 General
L Supply conductor
PE Protective earthing terminal
User available terminal, marking mandatory
Internal connection point
(.) Internal terminal marking (showing element symbol), optional
[ . , . ] Grouping of user joined terminals
; Separation of terminals or groups of terminals

4.2 DC and single-phase commutator machines
A Armature winding
B Commutating winding
C Compensating winding
D Series excitation winding
E Shunt excitation winding
F Separately excited winding
H Direct-axis auxiliary winding
J Quadrature-axis auxiliary winding

4.3 AC machines without commutator
F DC excitation winding
K Secondary winding
L Secondary winding
M Secondar
...

IEC 60034-8 ®
Edition 4.0 2026-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
COMMENTED VERSION
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8327-1298-6
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright
or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local
IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, content tailored to your needs.
replaced and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.
once a month by email. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer
Service Centre: [e-mail].
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 DC and single-phase commutator machines. 9
4.3 AC machines without commutator . 9
4.4 Auxiliary devices . 10
5 Direction of rotation . 10
6 Rules for terminal markings . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.1.1 Application. 10
6.1.2 Marking instructions. 11
6.1.3 Alphanumeric marking notation . 11
6.1.4 Duplicate winding terminals . 11
6.1.5 Shared terminals . 11
6.1.6 Omissions . 11
6.1.7 Earthing terminal . 11
6.2 Suffixes . 12
6.2.1 Winding elements . 12
6.2.2 Internal connections . 12
6.2.3 Tapping points . 12
6.3 Prefixes . 12
6.4 Winding identification for categories of Induction machines . 13
6.4.1 Three-phase machines . 13
6.4.2 Two-phase machines . 13
6.4.3 Single-phase machines . 13
6.4.4 Multiple three-phase group (for example, six-phase) machines . 13
6.5 Synchronous machines . 13
6.5.1 Primary windings of synchronous machines . 13
6.5.2 Field winding of synchronous machines . 13
6.5.3 Permanent magnet machines. 13
6.6 DC machines . 13
6.7 Relation between terminal markings and direction of rotation . 14
6.7.1 Multi-phase machines not covered by IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33 . 14
6.7.2 Multi-phase machines covered by IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33 . 14
6.7.3 Multi-phase, multi-speed machines . 14
6.7.4 Single-phase machines . 14
6.7.5 Multiple three-phase group (for example, six-phase) machines . 14
6.7.6 DC machines . 15
6.7.7 Relation between direction of current and magnetic field (DC machines) . 15
6.8 Terminal marking figures. 15
6.8.1 General . 15
6.8.2 Three-phase asynchronous electrical machines . 15
6.8.3 Single-phase asynchronous induction machines . 18
6.8.4 Multiple three-phase group (six-phase) machines . 18
6.8.5 DC machines . 18
7 Auxiliary terminal marking rules . 20
7.1 General . 20
7.2 Marking . 20
7.2.1 Power-related devices . 20
7.2.2 Thermal and measurement devices . 21
7.2.3 Switches . 22
Annex A (normative) Connection diagrams for common applications . 23
A.1 General . 23
A.2 Three-phase machines. 23
A.2.1 Single-speed stator windings . 23
A.2.2 Multi-speed stator windings . 26
A.3 Single-phase asynchronous induction machines . 31
A.4 DC machines . 32
Bibliography . 34
List of comments. 35

Figure 1 – Single three-phase winding, three elements, open connection, six terminals . 15
Figure 2 – Single three-phase winding, delta connection, three terminals . 15
Figure 3 – Single three-phase winding, internal star connection with neutral conductor,
four terminals . 15
Figure 4 – Single three-phase winding, two elements per phase, open connection,
twelve terminals . 16
Figure 5 – Single three-phase winding, four elements per phase, open connection,
twenty-four terminals . 16
Figure 6 – Single three-phase winding, two elements per phase with four tapping
points per element, open connection, thirty-six terminals . 16
Figure 7 – Two separate three-phase windings with two independent functions, two
elements per phase, open connection, twenty-four terminals . 17
Figure 8 – Two elements, internal connection, three terminals . 17
Figure 9 – Single three-phase winding, star connection, duplicate terminals for
alternate connection, six terminals . 17
Figure 10 – Single three-phase winding, star connection, parallel terminals for shared
current, six terminals . 17
Figure 11 – Three-phase wound-rotor, star connections with neutral conductors, eight
terminals . 18
Figure 12 – Main and auxiliary winding, two elements . 18
Figure 13 – Single-phase auxiliary winding, integrally connected capacitor, one
element . 18
Figure 14 – Single-phase main winding, integrally connected thermal protector, one
element . 18
Figure 15 – Six-phase winding, open connection, six elements . 18
Figure 16 – Armature winding, one element . 18
Figure 17 – Commutating winding, one and two elements . 19
Figure 18 – Compensating winding, one and two elements . 19
Figure 19 – Series winding, one element, two tappings . 19
Figure 20 – Shunt excitation winding, one element . 19
Figure 21 – Separately excited excitation winding, one and two elements . 19
Figure 22 – Direct-axis auxiliary winding, one element . 19
Figure 23 – Quadrature-axis auxiliary winding, one element . 19
Figure 24 – Armature winding with commutating and compensating windings, one
element . 19
Figure 25 – Single-phase, single voltage . 20
Figure 26 – Single-phase dual voltage . 21
Figure 27 – Three-phase, single voltage . 21
Figure 28 – Three-phase dual voltage . 21
Figure 29 – Two-lead devices (except type R) . 22
Figure 30 – Two-lead devices of type R .
Figure 30 – Three-lead devices of type R . 22
Figure 31 – Four-lead devices of type R . 22
Figure 32 – Switch connections . 22
Figure A.1 – Delta connection . 23
Figure A.2 – Star connection – with or without neutral . 23
Figure A.3 – Dual voltage, six terminals (U : U = 1: √3 ) . 23
Low High
Figure A.4 – Star-connected, dual voltage, nine terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 24
Low High
Figure A.5 – Delta-connected, dual voltage, nine terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 24
Low High
Figure A.6 – Star-delta, single voltage, six terminals . 24
Figure A.7 – Star-delta, dual voltage, twelve terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 25
Low High
Figure A.8 – Part-winding, single voltage, six terminals . 25
Figure A.9 – Part-winding, dual voltage, nine terminals (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 26
Low High
Figure A.10 – Variable-torque, six terminals . 26
Figure A.11 – Variable-torque, dual-voltage (U : U = 1: √3 ), nine terminals . 27
Low High
Figure A.12 – Constant-torque, six terminals . 28
Figure A.13 – Constant power, six terminals . 28
Figure A.14 – Variable-torque, six terminals . 29
Figure A.15 – Constant-torque, seven terminals . 29
Figure A.16 – Constant-power, seven terminals . 29
Figure A.17 – Example of three-speed, constant torque motor using two separate
windings, ten terminals . 30
Figure A.18 – Example of three-speed motor using three separate windings, ten
terminals . 30
Figure A.19 – Example of four-speed, variable-torque motor using two separate
windings, twelve terminals . 31
Figure A.20 – Split-phase or capacitor-start reversible motor . 31
Figure A.21 – Reversible capacitor-start motor with four terminals with externally
connected capacitor . 32
Figure A.22 – Shunt motor or generator, four terminals . 32
Figure A.23 – Compound-motor or generator with compensating and commutating
windings, six terminals . 32
Figure A.24 – Series-wound motor, two terminals . 33
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Rotating electrical machines -
Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not] received notice of (a) patent(s),
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
https://patents.iec.ch. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This commented version (CMV) of the official standard IEC 60034-8:2026 edition 4.0 allows the
user to identify the changes made to the previous IEC 60034-8:2007+AMD1:2014 CSV edition
3.1. Furthermore, comments from IEC TC 2 experts are provided to explain the reasons of the
most relevant changes, or to clarify any part of the content.
A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change has been made. Additions are in green
text, deletions are in strikethrough red text. Experts' comments are identified by a blue-
background number. Mouse over a number to display a pop-up note with the comment.
This publication contains the CMV and the official standard. The full list of comments is available
at the end of the CMV.
IEC 60034-8 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2: Rotating machinery. It is an
International Standard.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007 and
Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) The inclusion of turbine-type synchronous machines in the scope.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
2/2291/FDIS 2/2309/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
A list of all the parts of the IEC 60034 series, under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
INTRODUCTION
The revision of this part of IEC 60034 provides worldwide uniformity in the electrical
connections for rotating electrical machines and applies the recommendations of the basic
safety publication IEC 60445 in specifying marking requirements.
These standardized connections will then enable the safe interchange of electric machines with
their control and protective devices using standardized terminal markings.
NOTE Electrical connections of the machines are not the unique feature to be checked for safe interchange.

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 applies to AC and DC machines and specifies
a) rules for the identification of winding connection points;
b) marking of winding terminals;
c) direction of rotation;
d) relationship between terminal markings and direction of rotation;
e) terminal marking of auxiliary devices;
f) connection diagrams of machines for common applications.
Turbine-type synchronous machines are excluded from this standard. 1
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-3, Rotating electrical machines - Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous
generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines and for synchronous
compensators 2
IEC 60034-33, Rotating electrical machines - Part 33: Synchronous hydrogenerators including
motor-generators - Specific requirements 2
IEC 60417-1, Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 1: Overview and application
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification -
Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
terminal marking
permanent identification of the external termination of winding leads or auxiliary leads at the
disposal of the user for connection of the machine to the supply or apparatus that indicates the
function of the termination
3.2
connectingconnection points
all current transfer points that are used to permanently interconnect winding or winding element
ends internally
3.3
tapping points
intermediate connections to a portion of a winding element
3.4
winding leads
insulated conductors that make the electrical connection between a winding and its termination
3.5
winding
assembly of turns or coils having a defined function in an electrical rotating machine
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-37-01]
3.6
winding phase
one or more winding elements associated with a particular phase
3.7
winding element
part of a winding in which all the turns or coils in that part being are permanently connected
together
3.8
separate windings
two or more windings, each having a separate function, and not interconnected, used only
separately, whether fully or in part
3.9
multi-speed motor
motor, which can be operated at any one of two or more definite speeds
3.10
constant power
when a multi-speed motor provides approximately constant power over the speed range
3.11
constant torque
when a multi-speed motor provides approximately constant torque over the speed range
3.12
variable torque 3
when output torque of a multi-speed motor is proportional to approximately the square of the
speeds
3.12
phase sequence
order in which the voltages successively reach their maximum positive values between supply
conductors
3.13
D-end
that end of the machine which accommodates the shaft end
Note 1 to entry: For machines having two shaft ends, the D-end is the end
a) having the larger diameter;
b) opposite the external fan when the shaft ends are of the same diameter.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-43-36]
4 Symbols
4.1 General
L Supply conductor
PE Protective earthing terminal
User available terminal, marking mandatory
Internal connection point
(.) Internal terminal marking (showing element symbol), optional
[ . , . ] Grouping of user joined terminals
; Separation of terminals or groups of terminals

4.2 DC and single-phase commutator machines
A Armature winding
B Commutating winding
C Compensating winding
D Series excitation winding
E Shunt excitation winding
F Separately excited winding
H Direct-axis auxiliary winding
J Quadrature-axis auxiliary winding

4.3 AC machines without commutator
F DC excitation winding
K Secondary winding
L Secondary winding
M Secondary winding
N Star point (neutral conductor) of the primary winding
Q Star point (neutral conductor) of a secondary winding
U Primary winding
V Primary winding
W Primary winding
Z Auxiliary windings
NOTE The primary and secondary symbol allocations are irrespective of whether the primary
winding is located in the stator or rotor. Different symbols may be used as agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser with special attention to safety rules. 4
4.4 Auxiliary devices
BA AC brakes
BD DC brakes
BW Brush-wear detector
CA Capacitors
CT Current transformer
HE Heaters
LA Lightning arrestor
PT Potential transformer
R Resistance thermometers
SC Surge capacitor
SP Surge protectors
S Switches including plugging switches
TB Thermostats opening on increase of temperature
TC Thermocouples
TM Thermostats closing on increase of temperature
TN Thermistors, negative temperature coefficient
TP Thermistors, positive temperature coefficient
NOTE The above list standardizes the most commonly used auxiliary devices. The designation
of other devices may be chosen by the manufacturer. Different symbols may be used as agreed
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 5
5 Direction of rotation
The direction of rotation shall be that of the shaft observed when facing the D-end.
Machines with terminal markings according to this standard shall have a clockwise direction of
rotation.
For other configurations, including Unidirectional machines, an arrow located on the enclosure
shall show the direction of rotation.
Synchronous generators and motor-generators in the scope of IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33
shall have the direction of rotation as imposed by the prime mover being in turbine or motor
mode. For synchronous compensators, the direction of rotation shall be agreed between
manufacturer and purchaser. This direction of rotation shall be marked as per 6.7. 6
If not otherwise specified, all machines apart from synchronous and motor generators in the
scope of IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33 shall have a clockwise direction of rotation.”
Unidirectional machines, apart for synchronous generators and motor-generators in the scope
of IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33 shall have an arrow located on the enclosure to show the
direction of rotation. 7
6 Rules for terminal markings
6.1 General
6.1.1 Application
A terminal marking shall identify all winding leads and auxiliary device terminations accessible
to the user.
NOTE External line connections and winding arrangements used for common applications are shown in Annex A.
6.1.2 Marking instructions
All three-phase AC machines with more than three terminals and all other machines (and
auxiliary devices) with more than two terminals shall have connecting instructions consistent
with this document.
The graphical symbols shall be in accordance with IEC 60417-1. 8
6.1.3 Alphanumeric marking notation
The terminal marking comprises upper-case Latin characters and Arabic numerals. The
characters shall be arranged without spaces.
Each winding, winding phase or auxiliary circuit shall be assigned (a) letter symbol(s) in
accordance with Clause 4.
To prevent confusion with the numerals 1 and 0, the letters “I” and “O” shall not be used.
6.1.4 Duplicate winding terminals
Several leads of a machine can have the same marking only if each of them is capable of
completely fulfilling the same electrical function, so that either one of them can be used for the
connection. See Figure 9.
6.1.5 Shared terminals
When several leads or conductors are provided to share the current, the terminal markings shall
be identified by an additional numerical suffix separated by a hyphen. See Figure 10.
Some multi-speed motors having two or more independent windings may produce circulating
currents in the de-energized winding. In this case, the terminal markings for the open delta
connection shall be identified by an additional numerical suffix separated by a hyphen. See
Figure A.15.
6.1.6 Omissions
Numerical suffixes and/or prefixes may be omitted if there is no risk of confusion. See Figure 2.
When two or more elements are connected to the same terminal, its marking shall be
determined from one of the elements. The order of precedence shall be determined by the lower
suffix. See Figure 8.
When two or more functionally different elements are connected internally, the combination of
elements shall be considered a single element, and the terminal marking shall have the alpha
notation of the primary element function. See Figure 24.
6.1.7 Earthing terminal
The termination for the protective earthing conductor shall be marked with the letters PE
according to IEC 60445 (or marked with symbol IEC 60417-5019:2006-08). No other terminals
shall be so marked.
6.2 Suffixes
6.2.1 Winding elements
The ends of each winding element are distinguished by a numerical suffix, in accordance with
IEC 60445, as follows (see Figure 5):
– 1 and 2 for the first winding element (see Figure 1);
– 3 and 4 for the second winding element;
– 5 and 6 for the third winding element;
– 7 and 8 for the fourth winding element.
In all winding elements, the end closer to the supply connection shall be marked with the lower
of the two numbers.
6.2.2 Internal connections
When several ends of winding elements are joined, the terminal marking for the connecting
shall use the lower suffix; see Figure 8.
6.2.3 Tapping points
Tapping points of a winding element shall be marked in the sequence in which they occur in the
winding element, as follows (see Figure 6):
– 11, 12, 13, etc. for the first winding element;
– 31, 32, 33, etc. for the second winding element;
– 51, 52, 53, etc. for the third winding element;
– 71, 72, 73, etc. for the fourth winding element.
The tap closest to the beginning of the winding shall be marked with the lowest suffix.
6.3 Prefixes
Winding elements that are separate (or belong to different current systems), but have a similar,
but independent, function, shall be marked with the same letter, but distinguished by a
numerical prefix.
Each of the terminals shall be marked with a numerical prefix corresponding to the separate
winding (or current system) to which it belongs, as follows (see Figure 7):
– first winding 1
– second winding 2
– third winding 3
– fourth winding 4
– and so on…
With multi-speed machines, the sequence of the prefixes corresponds to the sequence of
increasing speeds. See Figure A.19.
6.4 Winding identification for categories of Induction machines
6.4.1 Three-phase machines
The letter symbols shall be U, V, and W for the first (see Figure 1), second and third primary
winding phase respectively and N when a neutral conductor is used (see Figure 3) and K, L,
and M and Q when a secondary winding is used. See Figure 11.
Different symbols may be used as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser with
special attention to safety rules. 9
6.4.2 Two-phase machines
The terminal markings of a two-phase machine shall be derived from the markings for three-
phase machines, with the letter symbols W and M omitted.
6.4.3 Single-phase machines
The letter symbols assigned shall be U for the primary winding and Z for the auxiliary winding.
See Figure 12, Figure 13, and Figure 14.
If the winding ends of a main and an auxiliary winding are connected to a common terminal, the
terminal shall be marked according to the rule for the main phase.
6.4.4 Multiple three-phase group (for example, six-phase) machines
Each phase group shall be differentiated by a prefix according to 6.3. See Figure 15.
The numerical order of the prefix shall increase according to the order in which the U phase of
each phase group reaches its maximum voltage value.
6.5 Synchronous machines
6.5.1 Primary windings of synchronous machines
The primary windings shall have terminal markings as derived for asynchronous induction
machines.
6.5.2 Field winding of synchronous machines
Terminal markings of the DC separately excited field windings shall be F1 and F2.
6.5.3 Permanent magnet machines
Since these machines do not have a separate excitation, the windings shall have terminal
markings as established for asynchronous induction machines. This is valid for both machines
operating with an adjustable frequency drive (AFD) a frequency converter with permanent
magnets located in or on the rotor and for machines suitable for across the line start, with
permanent magnets inserted in or on the rotor with or without a squirrel cage rotor for starting.
6.6 DC machines
The letter symbols assigned to winding elements shall be as listed in 4.2 with terminal markings
as shown in Figure 16 to Figure 24.
6.7 Relation between terminal markings and direction of rotation
6.7.1 Multi-phase machines not covered by IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33
The terminal markings shall be so arranged that clockwise rotation is obtained when the
alphabetical sequence of the letters (for example, U1, V1, W1) corresponds to the time
sequence of the system phase voltages. The phase sequence of a secondary winding (for
example, K, L, M) shall correspond to the phase sequence of the primary winding (for example,
U, V, W).
For counterclockwise rotation, the time sequence of the system phase voltages shall be
reversed by rearrangement of the supply cables (for example, L2 and L3 in the case of 3-phase).
These requirements apply to machines of any rated output and voltage even if clockwise
rotation is impracticable.
When machines are suitable for operation in only one direction of rotation, an arrow shall
indicate the direction of rotation. It is not necessary for this arrow to be on the rating plate, but
it shall be permanently attached and easily visible.
6.7.2 Multi-phase machines covered by IEC 60034-3 or IEC 60034-33
The time-phase sequence of the stator voltage shall be indicated by marking the terminals in
the sequence in which their voltages reach maximum, for example, U1, V1, W1 when rotating
in the direction defined by the application. The phase sequence of a secondary winding if any
(for example, K, L, M) shall correspond to the phase sequence of the primary winding (for
example, U, V, W).
When machines are suitable for operation in only one direction of rotation, the direction of
rotation, indicated either by indicating cw (clockwise) or ccw (counterclockwise) on the rating
plate or by an arrow. It is not required for this arrow to be in the rating plate, but it shall be
easily visible.
6.7.3 Multi-phase, multi-speed machines
With multi-speed machines incorporating a pole-changing winding, such as a Dahlander or PAM
(pole-amplitude-modulated) winding, the markings of the terminals for the lower speed of these
winding(s), which are to be connected to the supply (for example, 1U and 1W) shall be
interchanged, when necessary, in order to obtain the same direction of rotation for both speeds.
6.7.4 Single-phase machines
Clockwise rotation shall be obtained when the supply is connected to U1 and U2 and the
auxiliary winding is connected as Z1 with U1 and Z2 with U2. To reverse the direction of rotation,
terminals Z1 shall be connected to U2 and Z2 to U1.
6.7.5 Multiple three-phase group (for example, six-phase) machines
The terminal markings shall be so arranged that clockwise rotation is obtained when the
alphabetical sequence of the letters in each phase group corresponds to the time sequence of
the system phase voltages connected to this group. The order of prefixes of the groups
corresponds to the sequence in which the first phase of each phase group reaches its maximum
value.
For counter-clockwise rotation, the time sequence of the system phase voltages shall be
reversed by the rearrangement of the supply cables within each group and by reversing the
order of connecting the groups of the supply voltages to the phase groups of the windings.
6.7.6 DC machines
The terminal markings shall be so arranged that clockwise rotation is obtained when the line
polarities L+ and L– correspond to the polarities of the terminals A1 and A2. When the machine
is provided with a separately-excited field winding, the terminal markings shall be so arranged
that clockwise rotation is obtained when the line polarities L+ and L– correspond to the polarities
of both the terminals A1 and A2 and the terminals F1 and F2.
For counter-clockwise rotation, the polarity of the supply connection to either the armature or
the field shall be reversed taking into account the requirements of this 6.7.6.
6.7.7 Relation between direction of current and magnetic field (DC machines)
6.7.7.1 Two excitation windings generate fields having the same direction if the excitation
current in both windings flows from the terminal with the lower (higher) numerical suffix to the
terminal with the higher (lower) suffix.
6.7.7.2 The magnetic fields of commutating and compensating windings shall be of correct
polarity with respect to each other and to the magnetic field of the armature winding if, in all the
windings, current flows from the terminal with the lower (higher) numerical suffix to the terminal
with the higher (lower) suffix.
6.8 Terminal marking figures
6.8.1 General
The normative connection diagrams for common applications are shown in Annex A.
6.8.2 Three-phase asynchronous electrical machines

Figure 1 – Single three-phase winding, three elements, open connection, six terminals

Figure 2 – Single three-phase winding, delta connection, three terminals

Figure 3 – Single three-phase winding, internal star connection with
neutral conductor, four terminals
Figure 4 – Single three-phase winding, two elements per phase,
open connection, twelve terminals

Figur
...

IEC 60034-8 ®
Edition 4.0 2026-06
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Machines électriques tournantes -
Partie 8: Marquages des bornes et sens de rotation
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8327-1220-7
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.

Recherche de publications IEC -  IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Découvrez notre puissant moteur de recherche et consultez
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications gratuitement tous les aperçus des publications, symboles
IEC en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, graphiques et le glossaire. Avec un abonnement, vous aurez
texte, comité d’études, …). Elle donne aussi des toujours accès à un contenu à jour adapté à vos besoins.
informations sur les projets et les publications remplacées
ou retirées. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire d'électrotechnologie en ligne au
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished monde, avec plus de 22 500 articles terminologiques en
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents
dans 25 langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues.
Disponible en ligne et une fois par mois par email. Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.

Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-
nous: [e-mail].
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Domaine d'application . 7
2 Références normatives . 7
3 Termes et définitions . 7
4 Symboles . 9
4.1 Généralités . 9
4.2 Machines monophasées à courant continu avec collecteur . 9
4.3 Machines à courant alternatif sans collecteur . 9
4.4 Appareils auxiliaires . 10
5 Sens de rotation . 10
6 Règles pour le marquage des bornes . 10
6.1 Généralités . 10
6.1.1 Application. 10
6.1.2 Instructions pour le marquage . 11
6.1.3 Notation alphanumérique du marquage. 11
6.1.4 Bornes d'enroulement doubles . 11
6.1.5 Bornes partagées . 11
6.1.6 Omissions . 11
6.1.7 Borne de mise à la terre . 11
6.2 Suffixes . 12
6.2.1 Éléments d'enroulement . 12
6.2.2 Connexions internes . 12
6.2.3 Points de prise . 12
6.3 Préfixes . 12
6.4 Identification d'enroulement pour les catégories de machines à induction . 13
6.4.1 Machines triphasées . 13
6.4.2 Machines biphasées . 13
6.4.3 Machines monophasées . 13
6.4.4 Machines de groupes triphasées multiples (par exemple, six phases) . 13
6.5 Machines synchrones . 13
6.5.1 Enroulements primaires des machines synchrones . 13
6.5.2 Enroulement de champ des machines synchrones . 13
6.5.3 Machines à aimant permanent . 13
6.6 Machines à courant continu . 13
6.7 Relation entre les marquages des bornes et le sens de rotation . 14
6.7.1 Machines multiphasées non couvertes par l'IEC 60034-3 ou
l'IEC 60034-33 . 14
6.7.2 Machines multiphasées couvertes par l'IEC 60034-3 ou l'IEC 60034-33 . 14
6.7.3 Machines multiphasées à plusieurs vitesses . 14
6.7.4 Machines monophasées . 14
6.7.5 Machines de groupes triphasées multiples (par exemple, six phases) . 14
6.7.6 Machines à courant continu . 15
6.7.7 Relation entre le sens du courant et le champ magnétique (machines à
courant continu) . 15
6.8 Chiffres pour le marquage des bornes . 15
6.8.1 Généralités . 15
6.8.2 Machines électriques triphasées . 15
6.8.3 Machines à induction monophasées . 18
6.8.4 Machines de groupes triphasées multiples (six phases) . 18
6.8.5 Machines à courant continu . 19
7 Règles de marquage des bornes auxiliaires . 20
7.1 Généralités . 20
7.2 Marquage . 20
7.2.1 Appareils relatifs à la puissance . 20
7.2.2 Appareils thermiques et appareils de mesure . 21
7.2.3 Interrupteurs . 22
Annexe A (normative) Schémas de connexion pour applications communes . 23
A.1 Généralités . 23
A.2 Machines triphasées . 23
A.2.1 Enroulements de stator à vitesse unique . 23
A.2.2 Enroulements de stator à plusieurs vitesses . 26
A.3 Machines à induction monophasées . 31
A.4 Machines à courant continu . 32
Bibliographie . 34

Figure 1 – Enroulement unique triphasé, trois éléments, connexion ouverte, six bornes . 15
Figure 2 – Enroulement unique triphasé, connexion en triangle, trois bornes . 15
Figure 3 – Enroulement unique triphasé, connexion en étoile interne avec
conducteur neutre, quatre bornes . 16
Figure 4 – Enroulement unique triphasé, deux éléments par phase, connexion ouverte,
douze bornes . 16
Figure 5 – Enroulement unique triphasé, quatre éléments par phase, connexion
ouverte, vingt-quatre bornes . 16
Figure 6 – Enroulement unique triphasé, deux éléments par phase avec quatre points
de prise par élément, connexion ouverte, trente-six bornes. 17
Figure 7 – Deux enroulements triphasés indépendants avec deux fonctions
indépendantes, deux éléments par phase, connexion ouverte, vingt-quatre bornes . 17
Figure 8 – Deux éléments, connexion interne, trois bornes . 17
Figure 9 – Enroulement unique triphasé, connexion en étoile, bornes doublées pour
connexion alternée, six bornes . 17
Figure 10 – Enroulement unique triphasé, connexion en étoile, bornes parallèles pour
courant partagé, six bornes . 18
Figure 11 – Rotor bobiné triphasé, connexions en étoile avec conducteurs neutres, huit
bornes . 18
Figure 12 – Enroulement principal et auxiliaire, deux éléments . 18
Figure 13 – Enroulement auxiliaire monophasé, condensateur complètement connecté,
un élément . 18
Figure 14 – Enroulement principal monophasé, protecteur thermique complètement
connecté, un élément . 18
Figure 15 – Enroulement six phases, connexion ouverte, six éléments . 18
Figure 16 – Enroulement d'induit, un élément . 19
Figure 17 – Enroulement de commutation, un et deux éléments . 19
Figure 18 – Enroulement de compensation, un et deux éléments . 19
Figure 19 – Enroulement de série, un élément, deux prises . 19
Figure 20 – Enroulement d'excitation en parallèle, un élément . 19
Figure 21 – Enroulement d'excitation excité séparément, un et deux éléments . 19
Figure 22 – Enroulement auxiliaire longitudinal, un élément . 19
Figure 23 – Enroulement auxiliaire transversal, un élément . 19
Figure 24 – Enroulement d'induit avec enroulements de commutation et de
compensation, un élément . 19
Figure 25 – Monophasé, tension unique . 20
Figure 26 – Monophasé, deux tensions . 21
Figure 27 – Triphasé, tension unique . 21
Figure 28 – Triphasé, deux tensions . 21
Figure 29 – Appareils à deux conducteurs . 22
Figure 30 – Appareils à trois conducteurs de type R . 22
Figure 31 – Appareils à quatre conducteurs de type R . 22
Figure 32 – Connexions d'interrupteurs . 22
Figure A.1 – Connexion triangle . 23
Figure A.2 – Connexion étoile – avec ou sans neutre . 23
Figure A.3 – Deux tensions, six bornes (U : U = 1: √3 ) . 23
Low High
Figure A.4 – Couplage en étoile, deux tensions, neuf bornes (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 24
Low High
Figure A.5 – Couplage en triangle, deux tensions, neuf bornes (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 24
Low High
Figure A.6 – Étoile-triangle, tension unique, six bornes . 24
Figure A.7 – Étoile-triangle, deux tensions, douze bornes (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 25
Low High
Figure A.8 – Enroulement partiel, tension unique, six bornes . 25
Figure A.9 – Enroulement partiel, deux tensions, neuf bornes (U : U = 1: 2 ) . 26
Low High
Figure A.10 – Couple variable, six bornes . 26
Figure A.11 – Couple variable, deux tensions (U : U = 1: √3 ), neuf bornes . 27
Low High
Figure A.12 – Couple constant, six bornes . 28
Figure A.13 – Puissance constante, six bornes . 28
Figure A.14 – Couple variable, six bornes . 29
Figure A.15 – Couple constant, sept bornes . 29
Figure A.16 – Puissance constante, sept bornes . 29
Figure A.17 – Exemple de moteur à trois vitesses, à couple constant utilisant deux
enroulements séparés, dix bornes . 30
Figure A.18 – Exemple de moteur à trois vitesses utilisant trois enroulements
indépendants, dix bornes . 30
Figure A.19 – Exemple de moteur à quatre vitesses, couple variable utilisant deux
enroulements indépendants, douze bornes . 31
Figure A.20 – Moteur réversible à phase auxiliaire ou condensateur de démarrage . 31
Figure A.21 – Moteur réversible à condensateur de démarrage avec quatre bornes
avec condensateur connecté de manière externe . 32
Figure A.22 – Moteur en dérivation ou générateur, quatre bornes . 32
Figure A.23 – Moteur ou générateur compound avec enroulements de compensation et
de commutation, six bornes . 32
Figure A.24 – Moteur bobiné en série, deux bornes . 33

COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
Machines électriques tournantes -
Partie 8: Marquages des bornes et sens de rotation

AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Électrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composée
de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l'IEC). L'IEC a pour objet de
favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de
l'électricité et de l'électronique. À cet effet, l'IEC – entre autres activités – publie des Normes internationales,
des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au public (PAS) et des
Guides (ci-après dénommés "Publication(s) de l'IEC"). Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux
travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations
internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'IEC, participent également aux
travaux. L'IEC collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des
conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de l'IEC concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure du
possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de l'IEC intéressés
sont représentés dans chaque comité d'études.
3) Les Publications de l'IEC se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de l'IEC. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que l'IEC
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; l'IEC ne peut pas être tenue responsable de
l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de l'IEC s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de l'IEC dans leurs publications nationales
et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de l'IEC et toutes publications nationales ou
régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) L'IEC elle-même ne fournit aucune attestation de conformité. Des organismes de certification indépendants
fournissent des services d'évaluation de conformité et, dans certains secteurs, accèdent aux marques de
conformité de l'IEC. L'IEC n'est responsable d'aucun des services effectués par les organismes de certification
indépendants.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucune responsabilité ne doit être imputée à l'IEC, à ses administrateurs, employés, auxiliaires ou mandataires,
y compris ses experts particuliers et les membres de ses comités d'études et des Comités nationaux de l'IEC,
pour tout préjudice causé en cas de dommages corporels et matériels, ou de tout autre dommage de quelque
nature que ce soit, directe ou indirecte, ou pour supporter les coûts (y compris les frais de justice) et les dépenses
découlant de la publication ou de l'utilisation de cette Publication de l'IEC ou de toute autre Publication de l'IEC,
ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L'utilisation de publications
référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L'IEC attire l'attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l'utilisation d'un
ou de plusieurs brevets. L'IEC ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l'applicabilité de tout
droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l'IEC n'a pas reçu
notification qu'un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois, il est
rappelé aux responsables de cette mise en œuvre qu’il ne s’agit peut-être pas des informations les plus récentes,
qui peuvent être obtenues dans la base de données disponible à l’adresse https://patents.iec.ch.L'IEC ne saurait
être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de brevet.
L'IEC 60034-8 a été établie par le comité d'études 2 de l'IEC: Machines tournantes. Il s'agit
d'une Norme internationale.
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2007 et son
Amendement 1:2014. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition constitue
une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition
précédente:
a) L'inclusion des turbomachines synchrones dans le domaine d'application.
Le texte de cette Norme internationale est issu des documents suivants:
Projet Rapport de vote
2/2291/FDIS 2/2309/RVD
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant
abouti à son approbation.
La langue employée pour l'élaboration de cette Norme internationale est l'anglais.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série IEC 60034, sous le titre général Machines électriques
tournantes, se trouve sur le site web de l'IEC.
Ce document a été rédigé selon les directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2, il a été développé selon les
directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1 et les directives ISO/IEC, Supplément IEC, disponibles sous
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. Les principaux types de documents développés par
l'IEC sont décrits plus en détail sous www.iec.ch/publications.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de la publication de base et de son amendement ne sera
pas modifié avant la date de stabilité indiquée sur le site web de l'IEC sous "webstore.iec.ch"
dans les données relatives à la publication recherchée. À cette date, la publication sera
– reconduite,
– supprimée, ou
– révisée.
INTRODUCTION
La révision de la présente partie de l'IEC 60034 fournit des spécifications uniformes au niveau
mondial pour les connexions électriques des machines électriques tournantes et applique les
recommandations de la publication fondamentale de sécurité IEC 60445 en spécifiant les
exigences de marquage.
Ces connexions normalisées permettront les échanges en toute sécurité de machines
électriques avec leurs dispositifs de commande et de protection en utilisant les marquages des
bornes normalisés.
NOTE Les connexions électriques des machines ne sont pas la seule caractéristique à vérifier pour un échange en
toute sécurité.
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'IEC 60034 s'applique aux machines à courant alternatif et à courant
continu et spécifie
a) les règles d'identification des points de couplage;
b) le marquage des bornes d'enroulement;
c) le sens de rotation;
d) la relation entre les marquages des bornes et le sens de rotation;
e) les marquages des bornes des appareils auxiliaires;
f) les schémas de connexion des machines pour applications communes.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie
de leur contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule
l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de
référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
IEC 60034-1, Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et
caractéristiques de fonctionnement
IEC 60034-3, Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 3: Exigences spécifiques pour les
alternateurs synchrones entraînés par des turbines à vapeur ou par des turbines à gaz et pour
les compensateurs synchrones
IEC 60034-33, Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 33: Hydro-génératrices synchrones y
compris les groupes moteur-générateurs - Exigences spécifiques
IEC 60417-1, Symboles graphiques utilisables sur le matériel - Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et
application
IEC 60445, Principes fondamentaux et de sécurité pour les interfaces homme-machine, le
marquage et l'identification - Identification des bornes de matériels, des extrémités de
conducteurs et des conducteurs
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions de l'IEC 60034-1 ainsi que les
suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées
en normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
– IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
marquage des bornes
identification permanente de la connexion de sortie externe des conducteurs d'enroulement ou
des conducteurs auxiliaires à la disposition de l'utilisateur pour relier la machine à son
alimentation ou à l'appareil qui indique la fonction de la connexion de sortie
3.2
points de connexion
tous les points de transfert de courant qui sont utilisés pour connecter en permanence les
extrémités d'enroulement ou d'éléments d'enroulement en interne
3.3
points de prise
connexions intermédiaires à une partie d'un élément d'enroulement
3.4
conducteurs d'enroulement
conducteurs isolés qui réalisent la connexion électrique entre un enroulement et sa connexion
de sortie
3.5
enroulement
ensemble de spires ou de bobines ayant une fonction déterminée dans une machine électrique
tournante
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-37-01]
3.6
phase d'enroulement
un ou plusieurs éléments d'enroulement associés à une phase particulière
3.7
élément d'enroulement
partie d'un enroulement dans laquelle toutes les spires et bobines sont connectées ensemble
de manière permanente
3.8
enroulements indépendants
deux ou plus de deux enroulements dont chacun a une fonction séparée, non interconnectés,
utilisés seulement de manière séparée, soit complètement soit en partie
3.9
moteur à plusieurs vitesses
moteur qui peut fonctionner à deux ou plus de deux vitesses déterminées
3.10
puissance constante
situation dans laquelle un moteur à plusieurs vitesses fournit une puissance à peu près
constante sur toute la plage de vitesses
3.11
couple constant
situation dans laquelle un moteur à plusieurs vitesses fournit un couple à peu près constant sur
toute la plage de vitesses
3.12
séquence de phase
ordre dans lequel les tensions atteignent successivement leurs valeurs positives maximales
entre les conducteurs d'alimentation
3.13
côté D
côté de la machine où est situé le bout d'arbre d'entraînement
Note 1 à l'article: Pour les machines qui possèdent deux bouts d'arbre d'entraînement, le côté D est celui
a) qui a le plus grand diamètre;
b) qui fait face au ventilateur externe lorsque les bouts d'arbre d'entraînement sont du même diamètre.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-43-36]
4 Symboles
4.1 Généralités
L Conducteur d'alimentation
PE Borne de mise à la terre de protection
Borne disponible pour l'utilisateur, marquage obligatoire
Point de connexion interne
(.) Marquage des bornes interne (représentant le symbole de l'élément),
facultatif
[ . , . ] Groupement de bornes jointes d'utilisateurs
; Séparation des bornes ou des groupes de bornes

4.2 Machines monophasées à courant continu avec collecteur
A Enroulement d'induit
B Enroulement de commutation
C Enroulement de compensation
D Enroulement d'excitation en série
E Enroulement d'excitation en parallèle
F Enroulement excité séparément
H Enroulement auxiliaire longitudinal
J Enroulement auxiliaire transversal

4.3 Machines à courant alternatif sans collecteur
F Enroulement d'excitation à courant continu
K Enroulement secondaire
L Enroulement secondaire
M Enroulement secondaire
N Point en étoile (conducteur neutre) d'enroulement primaire
Q Point en étoile (conducteur neutre) d'enroulement secondaire
U Enroulement primaire
V Enroulement primaire
W Enroulement primaire
Z Enroulements auxiliaires
Les attributions de symboles primaire et secondaire ne sont pas liées au fait que l'enroulement
primaire soit situé sur le stator ou le rotor. Différents symboles peuvent être utilisés par accord
entre le fabricant et l'acheteur, en prêtant une attention particulière aux règles de sécurité.
4.4 Appareils auxiliaires
BA Freins en courant alternatif
BD Freins en courant continu
BW Détecteur d'équipement de balais
CA Condensateurs
CT Transformateur de courant
HE Appareils chauffants
LA Parafoudre
PT Transformateur de potentiel
R Thermomètres à résistance électrique
SC Condensateurs contre les pointes d'énergie
SP Protecteurs contre les pointes d'énergie
S Interrupteurs y compris les interrupteurs à enfichage
TB Thermostats qui s'ouvrent lorsque la température augmente
TC Thermocouples
TM Thermostats qui se ferment lorsque la température augmente
TN Thermistances, coefficient de température négatif
TP Thermistances, coefficient de température positif

La liste ci-dessus normalise les appareils auxiliaires les plus couramment employés. La
désignation des autres appareils peut être choisie par le fabricant. Différents symboles peuvent
être utilisés par accord entre le fabricant et l'acheteur.
5 Sens de rotation
Le sens de rotation doit être celui de l'arbre observé en faisant face au côté D.
Les alternateurs synchrones et les moteurs-générateurs qui relèvent du domaine d'application
de l'IEC 60034-3 ou de l'IEC 60034-33 doivent présenter le sens de rotation imposé par la
turbine ou le moteur. Pour les compensateurs synchrones, le sens de rotation doit être fixé par
accord entre le fabricant et l'acheteur. Ce sens de rotation doit être marqué conformément
au 6.7.
Sauf spécification contraire, toutes les machines, à l'exception des alternateurs synchrones et
des groupes convertisseurs qui relèvent du domaine d'application de l'IEC 60034-3 ou de
l'IEC 60034-33 doivent présenter un sens de rotation suivant le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.
Les machines unidirectionnelles, à l'exception des alternateurs synchrones et des groupes
convertisseurs qui relèvent du domaine d'applica
...