IEC TS 62600-201:2015
(Main)Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization
Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization
IEC TS 62600-201:2015(E) establishes a system for analysing and reporting, through estimation or direct measurement, the theoretical tidal current energy resource in oceanic areas including estuaries (to the limit of tidal influence) that may be suitable for the installation of arrays of Tidal Energy Converters (TECs). It is intended to be applied at various stages of project lifecycle to provide suitably accurate estimates of the tidal resource to enable the arrays' projected annual energy production to be calculated at each TEC location in conjunction with IEC 62600-200.
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Standards Content (sample)
IEC TS 62600-201
Edition 1.0 2015-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters –
Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization
IEC TS 62600-201:2015-04(en)
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IEC TS 62600-201
Edition 1.0 2015-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters –
Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.140 ISBN 978-2-8322-2591-2
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC TS 62600-201:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 7
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 7
4 Symbols, units and abbreviations .................................................................................... 7
4.1 Symbols and units .................................................................................................. 7
4.2 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 8
5 Methodology overview ..................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Project definition ..................................................................................................... 8
5.1.1 General ........................................................................................................... 8
5.1.2 Stage 1: Feasibility study ................................................................................. 9
5.1.3 Stage 2: Layout design study ........................................................................... 9
5.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 9
6 Data collection ............................................................................................................... 12
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 12
6.2 Bathymetry ........................................................................................................... 12
6.3 Tidal characteristics .............................................................................................. 13
6.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 13
6.3.2 Assessment of data quality ............................................................................ 13
6.3.3 Tidal height ................................................................................................... 14
6.3.4 Tidal current mobile survey ............................................................................ 14
6.3.5 Tidal current stationary survey ....................................................................... 16
6.4 Meteorological data .............................................................................................. 19
6.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 19
6.4.2 Wind data ...................................................................................................... 19
6.4.3 Atmospheric pressure .................................................................................... 20
6.5 Wave climate ........................................................................................................ 20
6.6 Turbulence ............................................................................................................ 20
6.6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 20
6.6.2 Flow structure / Eddies .................................................................................. 20
6.7 Stratification, seawater density and sediment measurement ................................. 21
7 Model development and outputs .................................................................................... 21
7.1 General ................................................................................................................. 21
7.2 Model coverage, resolution and boundary conditions ............................................ 21
7.2.1 Bathymetric data ........................................................................................... 21
7.2.2 Model coverage ............................................................................................. 22
7.2.3 Model boundary conditions ............................................................................ 22
7.2.4 Model resolution ............................................................................................ 23
7.3 Choice of model (including characteristics) ........................................................... 23
7.3.1 General considerations .................................................................................. 23
7.3.2 Model selection ............................................................................................. 24
7.3.3 Model characteristics ..................................................................................... 25
7.4 Analysing data to provide model inputs, calibration and validation ........................ 25
7.4.1 Bathymetry interpolation ................................................................................ 25
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7.4.2 Currents ........................................................................................................ 25
7.4.3 Meteorological analysis ................................................................................. 25
7.4.4 Waves ........................................................................................................... 26
7.4.5 Turbulence .................................................................................................... 26
7.4.6 Flow Structures / Eddies ................................................................................ 27
7.4.7 Seawater density, salinity and temperature .................................................... 28
7.4.8 Sediment ....................................................................................................... 28
7.5 Model calibration / Validation ................................................................................ 28
7.5.1 Model calibration ........................................................................................... 28
7.5.2 Model validation ............................................................................................ 29
7.6 Incorporating energy extraction ............................................................................. 30
7.6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 30
7.6.2 Methodology for incorporating energy extraction ............................................ 31
7.6.3 Practical incorporation of energy extraction in modelling................................ 32
8 Data analysis and results presentation .......................................................................... 33
8.1 General model result presentation ........................................................................ 33
8.2 Generation of annual velocity distribution .............................................................. 33
8.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 33
8.2.2 Potential methodologies for simulating “missing” tidal constituents ................ 34
8.2.3 Long-term model current predictions (harmonic analysis) .............................. 34
8.2.4 Results presentation ...................................................................................... 36
8.3 Velocity distribution curves – Joint probability distribution ..................................... 37
9 Reporting of results ....................................................................................................... 39
9.1 Purpose of reporting ............................................................................................. 39
9.2 Contents of the report ........................................................................................... 39
Annex A (informative) Calculation of TEC Annual Energy Production ................................... 40
A.1 General ................................................................................................................. 40
A.2 Individual TEC Annual Energy Production (AEP) ................................................... 40
A.3 Array Annual Energy Production ........................................................................... 41
Annex B (informative) Guidelines for current profiler measurements .................................... 42
B.1 General ................................................................................................................. 42
B.2 Instrument configuration ....................................................................................... 42
B.3 Correcting for clock drift ........................................................................................ 42
B.4 Depth quality control ............................................................................................. 43
B.5 Velocity quality control .......................................................................................... 43
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 1 – The effect of predicting tides with various constituents from Cook Inlet,
Alaska .................................................................................................................................. 36
Figure 2 – Joint velocity and direction probability distribution, a location in Cook Inlet,
Alaska .................................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 3 – Example exceedance curve for velocity magnitude ............................................... 39
Table 1 – Resource assessment stages .................................................................................. 9
Table 2 – Model and field survey recommendations (Overview) ............................................ 11
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MARINE ENERGY –
WAVE, TIDAL AND OTHER WATER CURRENT CONVERTERS –
Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization
FOREWORD
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The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
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specification when• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
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future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.IEC TS 62600-201, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 114: Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters.---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
IEC TS 62600-201:2015 © IEC 2015 – 5 –
The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
114/142/DTS 114/151A/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62600 series, published under the general title Marine energy –
Wave, tidal and other water current converters, can be found on the IEC website.The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be• transformed into an International standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correctunderstanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – IEC TS 62600-201:2015 © IEC 2015
INTRODUCTION
This Technical Specification is for use by appropriately qualified and competent persons. The
development of the tidal power industry is at an early stage and the significance of particular
tidal energy resource characteristics is not well understood. This Technical Specification is
intended to be updated as understanding of the resource and its response to power extraction
becomes better understood. It is noted that it is presently particularly difficult to derive the
uncertainty (within specified confidence limits) of the resource, given lack of field and model
data for a statistically significant number of sites.The purpose of this Technical Specification is to provide a uniform methodology that will
ensure consistency and accuracy in the estimation, measurement, characterization and
analysis of the theoretical tidal current resource at sites that could be suitable for the
installation of an array of Tidal Energy Converters (TECs), together with defining a
standardised methodology with which this resource can be described and reported.Application of the estimation, measurement and analysis techniques recommended in this
Technical Specification will ensure that resource assessment is undertaken in a consistent
and accurate manner. This Technical Specification presents techniques that are expected to
provide fair and suitably accurate results that can be replicated by others.The overall goal of the methodology is to enable calculation of the Annual Energy Production
(AEP) for the proposed array of TECs at each TEC location in conjunction with IEC 62600-
200.In this Technical Specification, the theoretical tidal energy resource (undisturbed or disturbed
). For projects over c.by power extraction) is defined as the velocity probability distribution f(U
10 MW (circa 10 MW), the velocity probability distribution is calculated using hydrodynamic
models that have been appropriately verified using measured data. The methodology for
measuring the required data is also defined. For individual TECs within small projects of less
than c. 10 MW, an alternative method which uses measured data at each TEC location may
also be used to define the resource.This Technical Specification describes only the aspects of the resource required to calculate
AEP; e.g., it does not describe aspects of the resource required to evaluate design loads or to
satisfy environmental regulations. Furthermore, this Technical Specification is not intended to
cover every eventuality that may be relevant for any particular project. Therefore, this
Technical Specification assumes that the user has access to, and reviews, other relevant IEC
documentation before undertaking work (e.g., surveys and modelling) which could also satisfy
other requirements.---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
IEC TS 62600-201:2015 © IEC 2015 – 7 –
MARINE ENERGY –
WAVE, TIDAL AND OTHER WATER CURRENT CONVERTERS –
Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62600 establishes a system for analysing and reporting, through estimation
or direct measurement, the theoretical tidal current energy resource in oceanic areas
including estuaries (to the limit of tidal influence) that may be suitable for the installation of
arrays of TECs.It is intended to be applied at various stages of project lifecycle to provide suitably accurate
estimates of the tidal resource to enable the arrays’ projected annual energy production to be
calculated at each TEC location in conjunction with IEC 62600-200.2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.
IEC 61400-12-1, Wind turbines – Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity
producing wind turbinesIEC TS 62600-1, Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part 1:
TerminologyIEC TS 62600-200, Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part
200: Electricity producing tidal energy converters – Power performance assessment
IHO (International Hydrographic Organisation), 2008, Standards for Hydrographic Surveys.
Special Publication No. 44. 5th EditionICES, 2006, Guidelines for Multibeam Echosounder Data
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC TS 62600-1 apply.
4 Symbols, units and abbreviations4.1 Symbols and units
f(U ) Time occurrence likelihood of a velocity in each magnitude bin (%)
f(U , θ ) Time occurrence likelihood of a velocity in each magnitude and direction bin (%)
i kI Turbulence intensity
i Index for velocity magnitude bin numbers
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– 8 – IEC TS 62600-201:2015 © IEC 2015
j Index for number of time intervals
k Index for direction bin numbers
2 2
K Turbulent kinetic energy (m /s )
N Number of time intervals
N Number of velocity bins
u’ Root-mean-square of the turbulent velocity fluctuations (m/s)
𝑈 Mean velocity magnitude (m/s)
U Central value velocity magnitude in the i bin (m/s)
U Central value velocity magnitude of time step j (m/s)
θ Direction for the k bin (deg)
V Root Mean Cubed Velocity (m/s)
rmc
ρ Density of the water (kg/m )
4.2 Abbreviations
AEP Annual Energy Production
ADV Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter
APD Average Power Density (kW/m
CTD Conductivity, Temperature, Depth
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
EEP Energy Extraction Plane
GPS Global Positioning System
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
PCA Projected Capture Area
RTK Real Time Kinematics
SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar
TEC Tidal Energy Converter
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
5 Methodology overview
5.1 Project definition
5.1.1 General
This Technical Specification should be applied at various stages of the resource assessment
process to provide velocity probability distributions for computing Annual Energy Production
(AEP) with increasing accuracy or lower levels of uncertainty. This specification assumes that
a region of interest has already been identified. Aspects of the methodology to be followed
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------IEC TS 62600-201:2015 © IEC 2015 – 9 –
when undertaking a tidal resource assessment depend on the scope of the analysis and its
objectives. Two distinct types of studies, feasibility and layout design, are defined as
indicated in Table 1. The feasibility study generally has a focus on the whole estuary or
channel with a medium level of uncertainty. The layout design study is expected to focus on
the particular sites chosen through the feasibility studies.Table 1 – Resource assessment stages
Level of uncertainty
Stage Aim Area
Whole estuary, channel,
Stage 1 Feasibility Medium
etc.
Stage 2 Layout design Development site. Low
The expected decrease in uncertainty as the resource assessment stages progress can result
from:• measurements and/or modelling over longer durations / periods;
• availability of additional, and/or higher quality measurements;
• use of more capable models, as outlined in 7.3;
• finer discretisation in space and time;
• use of improved boundary conditions;
• improvements in modelling techniques during the project’s evolution.
5.1.2 Stage 1: Feasibility study
A Stage 1 study is focused on investigating the scale and attributes of the energy resource
within a particular study area. The results of a Stage 1 resource assessment can be used to
help assess the feasibility of constructing tidal energy arrays at sites within the study area by
estimating the undisturbed site resource.5.1.3 Stage 2: Layout design study
A Stage 2 study is focused on generating detailed and accurate information on the tidal
energy resource in a specific area to determine AEP, through supporting the layout design of
a tidal array, and may incorporate energy extraction impacts depending upon the project
scale. The Stage 2 study should consider the technology to be installed and locations of TEC
deployments in order to estimate AEP with lower uncertainty.5.2 Methodology
The resource assessment requirements are defined depending on the scale of the project as
well as the objective of the assessment (feasibility or design layout). The AEP (calculated
using the method outlined in Annex A) may be assessed based on data from either direct
measurements or from hydrodynamic modelling.For projects where the total power output is expected to be less than c. 10 MW, or those
where the proposed energy extraction is less than 2 % of the theoretical undisturbed tidal
energy resource (see Note) and therefore there is expected to be little if any impact on the
underlying hydrodynamics of the site, AEP may be estimated from direct resourcemeasurements using static current profiler measurements and harmonic analysis as defined in
8.2.3. In order to use this method, measurements shall be made at each individual turbine
location. Such projects may also use the hydrodynamic modelling required for larger projects.
If the data collection indicates that the TECs should be deployed in different locations to
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------– 10 – IEC TS 62600-201:2015 © IEC 2015
where static current profiler data has been collected, then either additional data gathering at
the new location or the modelling approach is required...
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