IEC 60728-113:2018
(Main)Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal transmissions loaded with digital channels only
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal transmissions loaded with digital channels only
IEC 60728-113:2018 is applicable to optical transmission systems for broadcast signal transmission that consist of headend equipment, optical transmission lines, in-house wirings and system outlets. These systems are primarily intended for television and sound signals using digital transmission technology. This document specifies the basic system parameters and methods of measurement for optical distribution systems between headend equipment and system outlets in order to assess the system performance and its performance limits.
In this document, the upper signal frequency is limited at about 1 000 MHz. For systems requiring more bandwidth, refer to IEC 60728-13-1.
The purpose of this part of IEC 60728 is to describe the system specifications of FTTH (fibre to the home) networks for digitally modulated broadcast signal transmission. This document is also applicable to broadcast signal transmission using a telecommunication network if it satisfies the optical portion of this document. This document describes RF transmission for fully digitalized broadcast and narrowcast (limited area distribution of broadcast) signals over FTTH, and introduces xPON system as a physical layer media. The detailed description of the physical layer is out of the scope of this document. The scope is limited to RF signal transmission over FTTH, thus, it does not include IP transport technologies, such as IP Multicast and associate protocols.
Some interference descriptions between the telecommunication system and the broadcast system are addressed in Clause 7.
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs - Partie 113 : Systèmes optiques pour transmissions de signaux radiodiffusés soumis à une charge de porteuses exclusivement numériques
IEC 60728-113:2018 s'applique aux systèmes de transmission optique pour la transmission de signaux de diffusion, qui se composent de l'équipement de la tête de réseau, des lignes de transmission optique, des câblages internes et des prises d'abonnés. Ces systèmes sont principalement prévus pour la télévision et les signaux sonores utilisant une technologie de transmission numérique. Le présent document spécifie les paramètres de base du système et les méthodes de mesure des systèmes de distribution optique entre l'équipement de la tête de réseau et les prises d'abonnés, afin d'évaluer les performances du système et ses limites de performances.
Dans le présent document, la fréquence supérieure du signal est limitée à 1 000 MHz environ. Se reporter à l'IEC 60728-13-1 pour les systèmes qui exigent davantage de bande passante.
La présente partie de l'IEC 60728 a pour objet la description des spécifications des systèmes des réseaux de desserte par fibre de l'abonné (DFA) pour la transmission de signaux de diffusion à modulation numérique. Le présent document s'applique également à la transmission des signaux de diffusion utilisant un réseau de télécommunication, si celui-ci respecte la portion du présent document consacrée à l'optique. Le présent document décrit la transmission de signaux radiofréquence en tant que signaux de diffusion générale et de diffusion ciblée (distribution de la diffusion dans une zone limitée) entièrement numérisés sur le réseau de desserte par fibre de l'abonné et introduit le système xPON comme support de la couche physique. La description précise de la couche physique ne fait pas partie du domaine d'application du présent document. Le domaine d'application se limitant à la transmission des signaux RF sur les réseaux de desserte par fibre de l'abonné, les technologies de transport par protocole Internet (IP), comme la multidiffusion IP et les protocoles associés, ne sont donc pas incluses.
Certaines descriptions des interférences entre le système de télécommunication et le système de diffusion sont couvertes par l'Article 7.
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IEC 60728-113 ®
Edition 1.0 2018-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal transmissions loaded with digital
channels only
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IEC 60728-113 ®
Edition 1.0 2018-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal transmissions loaded with digital
channels only
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.060.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-5844-6
– 2 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, definitions, graphical symbols and abbreviated terms . 11
3.1 Terms and definitions. 11
3.2 Graphical symbols . 16
3.3 Abbreviated terms . 17
4 Optical system reference model . 19
5 Preparation of measurement . 22
5.1 Environmental conditions . 22
5.1.1 Standard measurement conditions . 22
5.1.2 Temperature and humidity . 22
5.1.3 Setting up the measuring setup and system under test . 22
5.1.4 AGC/ALC operation . 22
5.1.5 Impedance matching between pieces of equipment . 22
5.1.6 Standard operating condition . 22
5.1.7 Standard signal and measuring equipment . 23
5.2 Accuracy of measuring equipment . 23
5.3 Source power . 23
6 Methods of measurement . 23
6.1 Measuring points and items . 23
6.1.1 General . 23
6.1.2 Measuring points . 23
6.1.3 Measured parameters . 23
6.2 Optical power . 25
6.2.1 Introduction . 25
6.2.2 Measuring setup . 25
6.2.3 Measuring method . 25
6.2.4 Precautions for measurement . 26
6.2.5 Presentation of the results . 26
6.3 Signal level and RF signal to intermodulation and noise ratio S/IN . 26
6.3.1 General . 26
6.3.2 Measuring setup . 26
6.3.3 Measuring conditions . 27
6.3.4 Precautions for measurement . 27
6.3.5 Presentation of the results . 28
6.4 Signal-to-noise ratio of optical signals . 28
6.4.1 General . 28
6.4.2 Measuring setup . 28
6.4.3 Measurement conditions . 29
6.4.4 System RIN measuring method . 29
6.4.5 S/N calculation based on RIN value . 30
6.4.6 Component RIN calculation . 31
6.4.7 Example for calculating signal-to-noise ratio S/N . 32
6.5 Optical modulation index . 33
6.6 Signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SCR) . 33
6.6.1 General . 33
6.6.2 Equipment required . 33
6.6.3 General measurement requirements . 34
6.6.4 Procedure . 34
6.6.5 Potential sources of error . 35
6.6.6 Presentation of the results . 35
6.7 RF signal-to-intermodulation and noise ratio S/IN . 35
6.7.1 General . 35
6.7.2 Equipment required . 35
6.7.3 Connection of the equipment . 36
6.7.4 Measurement procedure . 36
6.7.5 Presentation of the results . 37
6.8 Bit error ratio (BER) . 37
6.8.1 General . 37
6.8.2 Connection of the equipment . 37
6.8.3 Measurement procedure . 38
6.8.4 Presentation of the results . 38
6.9 BER versus S/N . 38
6.9.1 General . 38
6.9.2 Connection of the equipment . 38
6.9.3 Measurement procedure . 39
6.9.4 Presentation of the results . 39
6.10 System noise margins . 40
6.10.1 General . 40
6.10.2 Connection of the equipment . 40
6.10.3 Measurement procedure . 41
6.10.4 Presentation of the results . 41
6.11 Modulation error ratio (MER) . 42
6.11.1 General . 42
6.11.2 Connection of the equipment . 42
6.11.3 Measurement procedure . 43
6.11.4 Presentation of the results . 43
7 Specification of the optical system for broadcast signal transmission . 43
7.1 Digital broadcast system over optical network . 43
7.2 Relationship between RIN and S/N . 47
7.3 Optical wavelength . 49
7.4 Frequency of source signal . 49
7.5 Level difference between adjacent channels . 49
7.6 BER at headend input . 51
7.7 MER . 51
7.8 S/N specification for in-house and in-building wirings . 51
7.9 Electrical signal interference . 52
7.10 Crosstalk due to optical fibre non-linearity . 56
7.11 Interference due to intermodulation noise caused by fibre non-linearity. 56
7.12 Environmental conditions . 57
Annex A (informative) Actual service systems and design considerations . 58
A.1 General . 58
A.2 Multi-channel service system . 58
– 4 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
A.2.1 General . 58
A.2.2 Operating conditions . 59
A.2.3 Operating environment . 59
A.3 Re-transmission service system . 60
A.3.1 General . 60
A.3.2 Operating conditions . 60
A.3.3 Operating environment . 61
A.4 S/N ratio calculation of optical network . 61
A.5 System reference model . 62
A.6 Hints for actual operation . 65
A.6.1 Optimum operation . 65
A.6.2 Key issues to be specified . 66
Annex B (informative) BER extrapolation method . 67
Annex C (informative) Optical system degradations . 69
C.1 System degradation factors. 69
C.2 Non-linear degradation . 70
C.2.1 Degradation factors . 70
C.2.2 Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) . 70
C.2.3 Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) . 71
C.2.4 Self-phase modulation (SPM) . 74
C.2.5 Cross-phase modulation (XPM) . 74
Annex D (informative) Measurement of parameters (R, I , I and G) required for
d0 eq
RIN calculation . 75
D.1 Measurement of the responsivity (R) . 75
D.2 Measurement of dark current (I ) . 75
do
D.3 Measurement of equivalent noise current density (I ) . 75
eq
D.4 Measurement of gain (G) . 76
Annex E (informative) Measurement of peak and average signal levels of digitally
modulated signals . 77
E.1 General . 77
E.2 Peak and average power measurement using CCDF . 77
E.3 Measurement method of CCDF . 79
E.3.1 General . 79
E.3.2 Measurement procedure . 79
E.3.3 Estimation of BER from the CCDF measurement result. 79
E.3.4 Examples of CCDF measurements . 81
E.4 Performance evaluation of the FTTH system . 82
E.4.1 General . 82
E.4.2 Evaluation procedure . 82
E.5 Potential sources of error . 83
Annex F (informative) Clipping noise . 84
Bibliography . 85
Figure 1 – Example of FTTH system for television and sound signal . 21
Figure 2 – Points of performance specification of the FTTH system . 22
Figure 3 – Typical optical video distribution system. 24
Figure 4 – Test set-up for optical power measurement using a wavelength filter . 25
Figure 5 – Test set-up for optical power measurement using a WDM coupler . 25
Figure 6 – Test setup for RF signal to intermodulation and noise ratio measurement . 27
Figure 7 – Measuring points in the optical cable TV network . 28
Figure 8 – Test setup for RIN measurement . 29
Figure 9 – Test setup for signal to crosstalk measurement . 34
Figure 10 – Test setup for BER measurement . 38
Figure 11 – Test setup for BER versus S/N measurement . 38
Figure 12 – Extrapolation method of BER measurement . 39
Figure 13 – Example of BER versus S/N characteristics . 40
Figure 14 – Test setup for system noise margin measurement . 41
Figure 15 – Example of system noise margin characteristics . 42
Figure 16 – Test setup for MER measurement . 42
Figure 17 – Example of result of MER measurement (64 QAM modulation format) . 43
Figure 18 – Performance specified points . 44
Figure 19 – Permissible signal level of adjacent channels (in the case of Japan) . 50
Figure 20 – Section S/N for MDU wiring (specified by electrical signal) . 52
Figure 21 – Section S/N for MDU wiring (specified by optical signal) . 52
rd
Figure 22 – Signal level difference with 3 order interference signal (ISDB-T) . 53
Figure 23 – Level difference between signal and reflected (echo) signal (ISDB-T) . 54
rd
Figure 24 – Signal level difference with 3 order interference signal (ISDB-C 64 QAM) . 54
rd
Figure 25 – Signal level difference with 3 order interference signal
(ISDB-C 256 QAM) . 55
Figure 26 – Level difference between signal and reflected (echo) signal
(ISDB-C 64 QAM, ISDB-C2 256 QAM to 4 096 QAM) . 55
Figure 27 – Level difference between signal and reflected (echo) signal
(ISDB-C 256 QAM) . 56
Figure A.1 – Example of a multi-channel service system of one million terminals . 58
Figure A.2 – Example of a multi-channel service system of 2 000 terminals . 59
Figure A.3 – Example of re-transmission service system of 72 terminals . 60
Figure A.4 – Example of re-transmission service system of 144 terminals . 60
Figure A.5 – Model 1 system performance calculation. 64
Figure A.6 – Model 4 system performance calculation. 65
Figure B.1 – Extrapolation method of BER measurement . 67
Figure B.2 – BER characteristics for 256 QAM, 1 024 QAM and 4 096 QAM
(Extrapolation method) . 68
Figure C.1 – Reflection model . 69
Figure C.2 – Degradation factors of optical transmission system . 70
Figure C.3 – SBS generation image . 70
Figure C.4 – Interference between two wavelengths . 72
Figure C.5 – Simulation of SRS (OLT transmission power versus D/U) . 72
Figure C.6 – Simulation of SRS (D/U in arbitrary unit versus fibre length) . 73
Figure C.7 – Fibre length of the first peak of SRS D/U versus frequency . 73
Figure C.8 – GE-PON idle pattern spectrum (ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-3:2017 1 000 Base-
PX) (62,5 MHz = 1 250 Mbps/20 bit) . 74
Figure D.1 – Measurement of gain (G) . 76
Figure E.1 – Typical CCDF curves for OFDM and M-QAM signals . 78
– 6 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
Figure E.2 – CCDF measurement setup . 79
Figure E.3 – CCDF measurement example . 80
Figure E.4 – SER vs S/N performance in an AWGN channel . 81
Figure E.5 – Example of CCDF measurements . 81
Figure E.6 – Performance evaluation of digital optical signals in the FTTH system . 82
Figure E.7 – CCDF measurement bandwidth . 82
Figure F.1 – Clipping effects in laser diode static curve (IL curve). 84
Figure F.2 – Clipping noise, zero span, sweeping time is 100 µs. 84
Table 1 – Level of RF signals . 14
Table 2 – Optical wavelength for FTTH system . 19
Table 3 – Frequency range . 20
Table 4 – Measuring instruments . 23
Table 5 – Measuring points and measured parameters . 24
Table 6 – Parameters used for the calculation of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) . 32
Table 7 – RF signal noise bandwidth . 37
Table 8 – Minimum S/N ratio (SDU case) . 44
Table 9 – Minimum S/N ratio (MDU case) . 45
Table 10 – Minimum RF signal to noise ratio requirements in operation . 46
Table 11 – Types of broadcast services and relative carrier level . 48
Table 12 – Type of service and minimum operational RIN values . 48
Table 13 – Section S/N ratio for in-house/in-building wiring (Japan) . 51
Table 14 – Limits for in-channel electrical signal interference . 53
Table 15 – Interference level due to fibre non-linearity . 57
Table 16 – Environmental conditions . 57
Table A.1 – Operating conditions of a multi-channel service system . 59
Table A.2 – Operating conditions of re-transmission service system . 61
Table A.3 – Basic system parameters for multi-channel and re-transmission service
systems . 63
Table C.1 – Disturbance parameter of Raman crosstalk . 71
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal
transmissions loaded with digital channels only
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-13 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100/3103/FDIS 100/3125/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
– 8 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
The list of all the parts of the IEC 60728 series, published under the general title Cable
networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
The contents of the corrigendum of November 2018 have been included in this copy.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
International Standards and other deliverables of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable
networks, including equipment and associated methods of measurement for headend
reception, processing and distribution of television and sound signals and for processing,
interfacing and transmitting all kinds of data signals for interactive services using all
applicable transmission media. These signals are typically transmitted in networks by
frequency-multiplexing techniques.
This includes, for instance:
• regional and local broadband cable networks,
• extended satellite and terrestrial television distribution systems,
• individual satellite and terrestrial television receiving systems,
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations used in such cable networks, distribution
and receiving systems.
The extent of this standardization work ranges from antennas and/or special interfaces to
headends, or other interface points on the network up to any terminal interface of the
equipment on the customer's premises.
The standardization work will consider coexistence with users of the RF spectrum in wired
and wireless transmission systems.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof is
excluded.
– 10 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal
transmissions loaded with digital channels only
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 is applicable to optical transmission systems for broadcast signal
transmission that consist of headend equipment, optical transmission lines, in-house wirings
and system outlets. These systems are primarily intended for television and sound signals
using digital transmission technology. This document specifies the basic system parameters
and methods of measurement for optical distribution systems between headend equipment
and system outlets in order to assess the system performance and its performance limits.
In this document, the upper signal frequency is limited at about 1 000 MHz. For systems
requiring more bandwidth, refer to IEC 60728-13-1.
The purpose of this part of IEC 60728 is to describe the system specifications of FTTH (fibre
to the home) networks for digitally modulated broadcast signal transmission. This document is
also applicable to broadcast signal transmission using a telecommunication network if it
satisfies the optical portion of this document. This document describes RF transmission for
fully digitalized broadcast and narrowcast (limited area distribution of broadcast) signals over
FTTH, and introduces xPON system as a physical layer media. The detailed description of the
physical layer is out of the scope of this document. The scope is limited to RF signal
transmission over FTTH, thus, it does not include IP transport technologies, such as IP
Multicast and associate protocols.
Some interference descriptions between the telecommunication system and the broadcast
system are addressed in Clause 7.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60728-1:2014, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-6:2011, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 6: Optical equipment
IEC TR 60728-6-1:2006, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 6-1: System guidelines for analogue optical transmission systems
IEC 60728-101:2016, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 101: System performance of forward paths loaded with digital channels only
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 60825-2, Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems
(OFCS)
IEC 60825-12, Safety of laser products – Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication
systems used for transmission of information
IEC 61755-1:2005, Fibre optic connector optical interfaces – Part 1: Optical interfaces for
single mode non-dispersion shifted fibres – General and guidance
ITU-T Recommendation G.692, Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical
amplifiers
ITU-T Recommendation G.694.2, Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength
grid
ITU-T Recommendation J.83, Digital multi-programme systems for television, sound and data
services for cable distribution
ITU-T Recommendation J.382, Advanced digital downstream transmission systems for
television, sound and data services for cable distribution
3 Terms, definitions, graphical symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
optical transmitter
transmitting fibre optic terminal device accepting at its input port an electrical signal and
providing at its output port an optical signal modulated by that input signal
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, optical transmitters can have more than one input port
accepting electrical RF signals.
Note 2 to entry: This piece of equipment amplifies frequency multiplexed electrical signals and converts these
electrical signals into optical signals. The optical wavelength is a 1 500 nm band (1 550 ± 10 nm in the 1 530 nm to
1 625 nm range).
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.9.6, modified – Notes 1 and 2 have been added]
3.1.2
optical receiver
receiving fibre optic terminal device accepting at its input port a modulated optical signal, and
providing at its output port the corresponding demodulated electrical signal (with the
associated clock, if digital)
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, optical receivers can have more than one output port
providing electrical RF signals.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.9.7, modified – Note 1 has been added]
– 12 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
3.1.3
optical amplifier
optical waveguide device containing a suitably pumped, active medium which is able to
amplify an optical signal
Note 1 to entry: There are several methods based on wavelength to be used for amplification. The term “Erbium
Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA)” is the synonym of optical amplifier in this document.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.7.75, modified – Note 1 has been added.]
3.1.4
splitter
optical fibre device, possessing three or more optical ports, which shares optical power
among its ports in a predetermined fashion, at the same wavelength or wavelengths, without
wavelength conversion
Note 1 to entry: The ports can be connected to fibres, detectors, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.6.21, modified – The term "splitter" has been added, and
"optical fibre branching device" and "optical fibre coupler" have been deleted.]
3.1.5
WDM filter
wavelength selecting device (used in WDM transmission systems) in which optical signals can
be transferred between two predetermined ports, depending on the wavelength of the signal
3.1.6
WDM coupler
wavelength coupling device (used in WDM transmission systems) in which optical signals in
different wavelengths can be coupled between two predetermined ports
3.1.7
optical modulation index
th
optical modulation index of k RF signal, OMI is defined as
k
ϕϕ−
hl
OMI =
k
ϕϕ+
hl
where
φ is the highest instantaneous optical power of the intensity modulated optical signal;
h
φ
is the lowest instantaneous optical power of the intensity modulated optical signal;
l
k is the total number of RF signals.
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to systems where the input signals are converted and transported
as digital baseband signals. In this case, the terms "modulation depth" or "extinction ratio" defined in 2.6.79 and
2.7.46 of IEC TR 61931:1998 are used. A test procedure for extinction ratio is described in IEC 61280-2-2.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-6:2011, 3.1.10, modified – The definition has been clarified and Notes
1 and 2 to entry have been replaced by a new Note 1 to entry.]
3.1.8
total optical modulation index
resulting optical modulation index when more than one RF signal is transmitted, OMI , which
tot
is defined as
K
OMI = OMI
tot ∑ k
k=1
where
OMI is the optical modulation index of the k-th RF signal;
k
K is the total number of RF signals.
3.1.9
RIN
relative intensity noise
ratio of the mean square of the intensity fluctuations in the optical power of a light source to
the square of the mean of the optical output power
Note 1 to entry: The RIN is usually expressed in dB(Hz-1) resulting in negative values.
Note 2 to entry: The value of RIN can also be calculated from the results of a signal to noise measurement for the
system.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-6:2011, 3.1.12, modified – Note 2 has been added]
3.1.10
responsivity
ratio of an optical detector’s electrical output to its optical input at a given wavelength
Note 1 to entry: The responsivity is generally expressed in ampere per watt or volt per watt of incident radiant
power.
Note 2 to entry: Sensitivity is sometimes used as an imprecise synonym for responsivity.
Note 3 to entry: The wavelength interv
...
IEC 60728-113 ®
Edition 1.0 2018-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal transmissions loaded with digital
channels only
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 113: Systèmes optiques pour la transmission de signaux de diffusion
soumis à une charge de porteuses exclusivement numériques
IEC 660728-113:2018-07(en-fr)
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IEC 60728-113 ®
Edition 1.0 2018-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal transmissions loaded with digital
channels only
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 113: Systèmes optiques pour la transmission de signaux de diffusion
soumis à une charge de porteuses exclusivement numériques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.060.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-6337-2
– 2 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 7
INTRODUCTION . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, definitions, graphical symbols and abbreviated terms . 11
3.1 Terms and definitions . 11
3.2 Graphical symbols . 16
3.3 Abbreviated terms . 17
4 Optical system reference model . 19
5 Preparation of measurement . 21
5.1 Environmental conditions . 21
5.1.1 Standard measurement conditions . 21
5.1.2 Temperature and humidity . 21
5.1.3 Setting up the measuring setup and system under test . 21
5.1.4 AGC/ALC operation . 21
5.1.5 Impedance matching between pieces of equipment . 21
5.1.6 Standard operating condition . 21
5.1.7 Standard signal and measuring equipment . 22
5.2 Accuracy of measuring equipment . 22
5.3 Source power . 22
6 Methods of measurement . 22
6.1 Measuring points and items . 22
6.1.1 General . 22
6.1.2 Measuring points . 22
6.1.3 Measured parameters . 22
6.2 Optical power . 24
6.2.1 Introduction . 24
6.2.2 Measuring setup . 24
6.2.3 Measuring method . 24
6.2.4 Precautions for measurement . 25
6.2.5 Presentation of the results . 25
6.3 Signal level and RF signal to intermodulation and noise ratio S/IN . 25
6.3.1 General . 25
6.3.2 Measuring setup . 25
6.3.3 Measuring conditions . 26
6.3.4 Precautions for measurement . 26
6.3.5 Presentation of the results . 27
6.4 Signal-to-noise ratio of optical signals. 27
6.4.1 General . 27
6.4.2 Measuring setup . 27
6.4.3 Measurement conditions . 28
6.4.4 System RIN measuring method . 28
6.4.5 S/N calculation based on RIN value . 29
6.4.6 Component RIN calculation . 30
6.4.7 Example for calculating signal-to-noise ratio S/N . 31
6.5 Optical modulation index . 32
6.6 Signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SCR) . 32
6.6.1 General . 32
6.6.2 Equipment required . 32
6.6.3 General measurement requirements . 33
6.6.4 Procedure . 33
6.6.5 Potential sources of error . 34
6.6.6 Presentation of the results . 34
6.7 RF signal-to-intermodulation and noise ratio S/IN . 34
6.7.1 General . 34
6.7.2 Equipment required . 34
6.7.3 Connection of the equipment . 35
6.7.4 Measurement procedure . 35
6.7.5 Presentation of the results . 36
6.8 Bit error ratio (BER) . 36
6.8.1 General . 36
6.8.2 Connection of the equipment . 36
6.8.3 Measurement procedure . 37
6.8.4 Presentation of the results . 37
6.9 BER versus S/N . 37
6.9.1 General . 37
6.9.2 Connection of the equipment . 37
6.9.3 Measurement procedure . 38
6.9.4 Presentation of the results . 38
6.10 System noise margins . 39
6.10.1 General . 39
6.10.2 Connection of the equipment . 39
6.10.3 Measurement procedure . 40
6.10.4 Presentation of the results . 40
6.11 Modulation error ratio (MER) . 41
6.11.1 General . 41
6.11.2 Connection of the equipment . 41
6.11.3 Measurement procedure . 42
6.11.4 Presentation of the results . 42
7 Specification of the optical system for broadcast signal transmission . 42
7.1 Digital broadcast system over optical network . 42
7.2 Relationship between RIN and S/N . 46
7.3 Optical wavelength . 48
7.4 Frequency of source signal . 48
7.5 Level difference between adjacent channels . 48
7.6 BER at headend input . 50
7.7 MER . 50
7.8 S/N specification for in-house and in-building wirings . 50
7.9 Electrical signal interference. 51
7.10 Crosstalk due to optical fibre non-linearity . 55
7.11 Interference due to intermodulation noise caused by fibre non-linearity . 55
7.12 Environmental conditions . 56
Annex A (informative) Actual service systems and design considerations . 57
A.1 General . 57
A.2 Multi-channel service system . 57
– 4 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
A.2.1 General . 57
A.2.2 Operating conditions . 58
A.2.3 Operating environment . 58
A.3 Re-transmission service system . 59
A.3.1 General . 59
A.3.2 Operating conditions . 59
A.3.3 Operating environment . 60
A.4 S/N ratio calculation of optical network . 60
A.5 System reference model . 61
A.6 Hints for actual operation . 64
A.6.1 Optimum operation . 64
A.6.2 Key issues to be specified . 65
Annex B (informative) BER extrapolation method . 66
Annex C (informative) Optical system degradations . 68
C.1 System degradation factors . 68
C.2 Non-linear degradation . 69
C.2.1 Degradation factors . 69
C.2.2 Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) . 69
C.2.3 Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). 70
C.2.4 Self-phase modulation (SPM) . 73
C.2.5 Cross-phase modulation (XPM) . 73
Annex D (informative) Measurement of parameters (R, I , I and G) required for
d0 eq
RIN calculation . 74
D.1 Measurement of the responsivity (R) . 74
D.2 Measurement of dark current (I ) . 74
do
D.3 Measurement of equivalent noise current density (I ) . 74
eq
D.4 Measurement of gain (G) . 75
Annex E (informative) Measurement of peak and average signal levels of digitally
modulated signals . 76
E.1 General . 76
E.2 Peak and average power measurement using CCDF . 76
E.3 Measurement method of CCDF . 78
E.3.1 General . 78
E.3.2 Measurement procedure . 78
E.3.3 Estimation of BER from the CCDF measurement result . 78
E.3.4 Examples of CCDF measurements . 80
E.4 Performance evaluation of the FTTH system . 81
E.4.1 General . 81
E.4.2 Evaluation procedure . 81
E.5 Potential sources of error . 82
Annex F (informative) Clipping noise . 83
Bibliography . 84
Figure 1 – Example of FTTH system for television and sound signal . 20
Figure 2 – Points of performance specification of the FTTH system . 21
Figure 3 – Typical optical video distribution system . 23
Figure 4 – Test set-up for optical power measurement using a wavelength filter . 24
Figure 5 – Test set-up for optical power measurement using a WDM coupler . 24
Figure 6 – Test setup for RF signal to intermodulation and noise ratio measurement . 26
Figure 7 – Measuring points in the optical cable TV network . 27
Figure 8 – Test setup for RIN measurement . 28
Figure 9 – Test setup for signal to crosstalk measurement . 33
Figure 10 – Test setup for BER measurement . 37
Figure 11 – Test setup for BER versus S/N measurement . 37
Figure 12 – Extrapolation method of BER measurement . 38
Figure 13 – Example of BER versus S/N characteristics . 39
Figure 14 – Test setup for system noise margin measurement . 40
Figure 15 – Example of system noise margin characteristics . 41
Figure 16 – Test setup for MER measurement . 41
Figure 17 – Example of result of MER measurement (64 QAM modulation format) . 42
Figure 18 – Performance specified points . 43
Figure 19 – Permissible signal level of adjacent channels (in the case of Japan) . 49
Figure 20 – Section S/N for MDU wiring (specified by electrical signal) . 51
Figure 21 – Section S/N for MDU wiring (specified by optical signal) . 51
rd
Figure 22 – Signal level difference with 3 order interference signal (ISDB-T) . 52
Figure 23 – Level difference between signal and reflected (echo) signal (ISDB-T) . 53
rd
Figure 24 – Signal level difference with 3 order interference signal (ISDB-C 64 QAM) . 53
rd
Figure 25 – Signal level difference with 3 order interference signal (ISDB-C 256 QAM)
Figure 26 – Level difference between signal and reflected (echo) signal (ISDB-C 64
QAM, ISDB-C2 256 QAM to 4 096 QAM) . 54
Figure 27 – Level difference between signal and reflected (echo) signal (ISDB-C 256
QAM) . 55
Figure A.1 – Example of a multi-channel service system of one million terminals . 57
Figure A.2 – Example of a multi-channel service system of 2 000 terminals . 58
Figure A.3 – Example of re-transmission service system of 72 terminals . 59
Figure A.4 – Example of re-transmission service system of 144 terminals . 59
Figure A.5 – Model 1 system performance calculation . 63
Figure A.6 – Model 4 system performance calculation . 64
Figure B.1 – Extrapolation method of BER measurement . 66
Figure B.2 – BER characteristics for 256 QAM, 1 024 QAM and 4 096 QAM
(Extrapolation method) . 67
Figure C.1 – Reflection model . 68
Figure C.2 – Degradation factors of optical transmission system . 69
Figure C.3 – SBS generation image . 69
Figure C.4 – Interference between two wavelengths . 71
Figure C.5 – Simulation of SRS (OLT transmission power versus D/U) . 71
Figure C.6 – Simulation of SRS (D/U in arbitrary unit versus fibre length) . 72
Figure C.7 – Fibre length of the first peak of SRS D/U versus frequency . 72
Figure C.8 – GE-PON idle pattern spectrum (ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-3:2017 1 000 Base-
PX) (62,5 MHz = 1 250 Mbps/20 bit) . 73
Figure D.1 – Measurement of gain (G) . 75
Figure E.1 – Typical CCDF curves for OFDM and M-QAM signals . 77
– 6 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
Figure E.2 – CCDF measurement setup . 78
Figure E.3 – CCDF measurement example . 79
Figure E.4 – SER vs S/N performance in an AWGN channel . 80
Figure E.5 – Example of CCDF measurements . 80
Figure E.6 – Performance evaluation of digital optical signals in the FTTH system . 81
Figure E.7 – CCDF measurement bandwidth . 81
Figure F.1 – Clipping effects in laser diode static curve (IL curve) . 83
Figure F.2 – Clipping noise, zero span, sweeping time is 100 µs . 83
Table 1 – Level of RF signals . 14
Table 2 – Optical wavelength for FTTH system . 19
Table 3 – Frequency range . 19
Table 4 – Measuring instruments. 22
Table 5 – Measuring points and measured parameters . 23
Table 6 – Parameters used for the calculation of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) . 31
Table 7 – RF signal noise bandwidth . 36
Table 8 – Minimum S/N ratio (SDU case) . 43
Table 9 – Minimum S/N ratio (MDU case) . 44
Table 10 – Minimum RF signal to noise ratio requirements in operation . 45
Table 11 – Types of broadcast services and relative carrier level . 47
Table 12 – Type of service and minimum operational RIN values . 47
Table 13 – Section S/N ratio for in-house/in-building wiring (Japan) . 50
Table 14 – Limits for in-channel electrical signal interference . 52
Table 15 – Interference level due to fibre non-linearity . 56
Table 16 – Environmental conditions . 56
Table A.1 – Operating conditions of a multi-channel service system . 58
Table A.2 – Operating conditions of re-transmission service system . 60
Table A.3 – Basic system parameters for multi-channel and re-transmission service
systems . 62
Table C.1 – Disturbance parameter of Raman crosstalk . 70
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal
transmissions loaded with digital channels only
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-13 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
This bilingual version (2018-12) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2018-07.
– 8 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100/3103/FDIS 100/3125/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The list of all the parts of the IEC 60728 series, published under the general title Cable
networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
International Standards and other deliverables of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable
networks, including equipment and associated methods of measurement for headend
reception, processing and distribution of television and sound signals and for processing,
interfacing and transmitting all kinds of data signals for interactive services using all
applicable transmission media. These signals are typically transmitted in networks by
frequency-multiplexing techniques.
This includes, for instance:
• regional and local broadband cable networks,
• extended satellite and terrestrial television distribution systems,
• individual satellite and terrestrial television receiving systems,
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations used in such cable networks, distribution
and receiving systems.
The extent of this standardization work ranges from antennas and/or special interfaces to
headends, or other interface points on the network up to any terminal interface of the
equipment on the customer's premises.
The standardization work will consider coexistence with users of the RF spectrum in wired
and wireless transmission systems.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof is
excluded.
– 10 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 113: Optical systems for broadcast signal
transmissions loaded with digital channels only
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 is applicable to optical transmission systems for broadcast signal
transmission that consist of headend equipment, optical transmission lines, in-house wirings
and system outlets. These systems are primarily intended for television and sound signals
using digital transmission technology. This document specifies the basic system parameters
and methods of measurement for optical distribution systems between headend equipment
and system outlets in order to assess the system performance and its performance limits.
In this document, the upper signal frequency is limited at about 1 000 MHz. For systems
requiring more bandwidth, refer to IEC 60728-13-1.
The purpose of this part of IEC 60728 is to describe the system specifications of FTTH (fibre
to the home) networks for digitally modulated broadcast signal transmission. This document is
also applicable to broadcast signal transmission using a telecommunication network if it
satisfies the optical portion of this document. This document describes RF transmission for
fully digitalized broadcast and narrowcast (limited area distribution of broadcast) signals over
FTTH, and introduces xPON system as a physical layer media. The detailed description of the
physical layer is out of the scope of this document. The scope is limited to RF signal
transmission over FTTH, thus, it does not include IP transport technologies, such as IP
Multicast and associate protocols.
Some interference descriptions between the telecommunication system and the broadcast
system are addressed in Clause 7.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60728-1:2014, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-6:2011, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 6: Optical equipment
IEC TR 60728-6-1:2006, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 6-1: System guidelines for analogue optical transmission systems
IEC 60728-101:2016, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services – Part 101: System performance of forward paths loaded with digital channels only
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 60825-2, Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems
(OFCS)
IEC 60825-12, Safety of laser products – Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication
systems used for transmission of information
IEC 61755-1:2005, Fibre optic connector optical interfaces – Part 1: Optical interfaces for
single mode non-dispersion shifted fibres – General and guidance
ITU-T Recommendation G.692, Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical
amplifiers
ITU-T Recommendation G.694.2, Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength
grid
ITU-T Recommendation J.83, Digital multi-programme systems for television, sound and data
services for cable distribution
ITU-T Recommendation J.382, Advanced digital downstream transmission systems for
television, sound and data services for cable distribution
3 Terms, definitions, graphical symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
optical transmitter
transmitting fibre optic terminal device accepting at its input port an electrical signal and
providing at its output port an optical signal modulated by that input signal
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, optical transmitters can have more than one input port
accepting electrical RF signals.
Note 2 to entry: This piece of equipment amplifies frequency multiplexed electrical signals and converts these
electrical signals into optical signals. The optical wavelength is a 1 500 nm band (1 550 ± 10 nm in the 1 530 nm to
1 625 nm range).
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.9.6, modified – Notes 1 and 2 have been added]
3.1.2
optical receiver
receiving fibre optic terminal device accepting at its input port a modulated optical signal, and
providing at its output port the corresponding demodulated electrical signal (with the
associated clock, if digital)
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, optical receivers can have more than one output port
providing electrical RF signals.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.9.7, modified – Note 1 has been added]
– 12 – IEC 60728-113:2018 © IEC 2018
3.1.3
optical amplifier
optical waveguide device containing a suitably pumped, active medium which is able to
amplify an optical signal
Note 1 to entry: There are several methods based on wavelength to be used for amplification. The term “Erbium
Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA)” is the synonym of optical amplifier in this document.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.7.75, modified – Note 1 has been added.]
3.1.4
splitter
optical fibre device, possessing three or more optical ports, which shares optical power
among its ports in a predetermined fashion, at the same wavelength or wavelengths, without
wave
...
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