IEC TR 61000-1-7:2016

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 1-7: General - Power factor in single-phase systems under non-sinusoidal conditions

IEC TR 61000-1-7:2016(E) provides definitions of various electrical power quantities and the relationship between them under non-sinusoidal conditions, in order to give clear information on both components in the power factor:
- the fundamental power factor, which is due to the phase difference between the voltage and current at the fundamental frequency, and
- the non-fundamental power factor, which is related to the distortion of the voltage and/or current. This Technical Report is applicable only to single-phase systems.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Feb-2016
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: SC 77A - EMC - Low frequency phenomena
• Drafting Committee: WG 1 - TC 77/SC 77A/WG 1
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-May-2016
• Completion Date: 17-Feb-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TR 61000-1-7 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 1-7: General – Power factor in single-phase systems under non-sinusoidal
conditions
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé Fax: [phone]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 [e-mail]
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 15 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.

IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and

CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
IEC TR 61000-1-7 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –

Part 1-7: General – Power factor in single-phase systems under non-sinusoidal

conditions
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-3196-8

– 2 – IEC TR 61000-1-7:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .4
INTRODUCTION .6
0.1 Series overview .6
0.2 Purpose of this document .6
1 Scope .8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 General . 14
5 Electric power quantities under non-sinusoidal conditions . 15
5.1 Voltages and currents . 15
5.1.1 Instantaneous values . 15
5.1.2 Reference fundamental components . 16
5.1.3 Total distortion contents . 16
5.1.4 RMS values of the voltage and current . 16
5.1.5 RMS values of total distortion contents . 17
5.1.6 DC ratios . 17
5.1.7 Total distortion ratios . 17
5.2 Instantaneous power . 18
5.3 Definitions related to the active power . 18
5.3.1 Active power . 18
5.3.2 DC power . 18
5.3.3 Fundamental active power . 19
5.3.4 Distortion active power . 19
5.4 Definitions related to the apparent power . 19
5.4.1 Apparent power . 19
5.4.2 Fundamental apparent power . 20
5.5 Definitions related to the power factor . 20
5.5.1 Power factor . 20
5.5.2 Fundamental power factor . 21
5.5.3 Non-fundamental power factor . 21
5.6 Summary . 21
6 Electric power quantities with a sinusoidal voltage and a current distorted only
with harmonics . 22
6.1 Voltages and currents . 22
6.1.1 Instantaneous values . 22
6.1.2 Fundamental components . 22
6.1.3 Harmonic content of the current . 23
6.1.4 RMS values of the voltage and current . 23
6.1.5 RMS value of the harmonic content of the current . 23
6.1.6 Total harmonic ratio of the current . 24
6.1.7 Fundamental factor . 24
6.2 Instantaneous power . 24
6.3 Active power . 24
6.4 Definitions related to the apparent power . 25
6.4.1 Apparent power . 25

6.4.2 Fundamental apparent power . 25
6.5 Definitions related to the power factor . 25
6.5.1 Power factor . 25
6.5.2 Fundamental power factor . 26
6.5.3 Non-fundamental power factor . 26
6.6 Summary . 27
Annex A (normative) Electric power quantities under sinusoidal conditions . 28
A.1 Instantaneous values of the voltage and current . 28
A.2 Instantaneous power . 29
A.3 Active power . 30
A.4 Reactive power . 30
A.5 Apparent power . 30
A.6 Power factor . 30
Annex B (informative) Fundamental active factor . 32
B.1 Fundamental active factor and its use . 32
B.2 Consumer convention . 32
Bibliography . 34

Figure A.1 – Illustration of the displacement angle (φ) when the voltage leads the
current, φ > 0 . 28
Figure A.2 – Illustration of the displacement angle (φ) when the voltage lags the
current, φ < 0 . 29
Figure B.1 – Consumer sign convention of the fundamental active factor, fundamental
active power and fundamental reactive power . 33

Table 1 – Summary of the power quantities under non-sinusoidal conditions . 21
Table 2 – Summary of the power quantities with a sinusoidal voltage and a current
distorted only with harmonics . 27

– 4 – IEC TR 61000-1-7:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 1-7: General – Power factor in single-phase systems
under non-sinusoidal conditions

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal
...