ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz

ISO/IEC 18000 has been developed in order to: provide a framework to define common communications protocols for Internationally useable frequencies for radio frequency identification (RFID), and, where possible, to determine the use of the same protocols for all frequencies such that the problems of migrating from one to another are diminished; minimize software and implementation costs; enable system management and control and information exchange to be common as far as is possible. ISO/IEC 18000-1 provides explanation of the concepts behind ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010. ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010 has 3 MODES of operation, intended to address different applications. The detailed technical differences between the modes are shown in parameter tables. ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010 provides physical layer, collision management system and protocol values for RFID systems for item identification operating at 13,56 MHz in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 18000-1. It provides definitions for systems for each MODE determined in ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010. It defines three non-interfering MODES. The MODES are not interoperable. The MODES, whilst not interoperable, are non-interfering.

Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence (RFID) pour la gestion d'objets — Partie 3: Paramètres de communications d'une interface d'air à 13,56 MHz

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Nov-2010
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 15-Dec-2022

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 18000-3:2008 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
• Effective Date: 18-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18000-3
Third edition
2010-11-15


Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item
management —
Part 3:
Parameters for air interface
communications at 13,56 MHz
Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence
(RFID) pour la gestion d'objets —
Partie 3: Paramètres de communications d'une interface d'air à
13,56 MHz




Reference number
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2010

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO/IEC 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction.vii
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance.1
3 Normative references.1
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms .3
5.1 Symbols.3
5.2 Abbreviated terms.4
5.3 Notation .5
6 Requirements: Physical layer, collision management system and protocol values for
13,56 MHz systems.6
6.0 General and applicable to All Modes.6
6.0.1 Presentation as determined in ISO/IEC 18000-1 .6
6.0.2 ISO/IEC 18000-3 Interoperability.6
6.0.3 ISO/IEC 18000-3 interrogator conformance/compliance.6
6.0.4 ISO/IEC 18000-3 tag compliance.6
6.0.5 Command structure and extensibility.6
6.0.6 Mandatory commands .6
6.0.7 Optional commands.7
6.0.8 Custom commands .7
6.0.9 Proprietary commands .7
6.1 Physical layer, collision management system and protocols for MODE 1 .7
6.1.1 Read/Write system .7
6.1.2 Normative Aspects.7
6.1.3 Conformance and performance measurement aspects.7
6.1.4 Physical Layer .7
6.1.5 Protocol and collision management operating method.7
6.1.6 Commands .8
6.1.7 Parameter tables for interrogator to tag link .8
6.1.8 Parameter tables for tag to interrogator link .11
6.2 MODE 2: Physical layer, collision management system and protocols for MODE 2 .14
6.2.1 Normative aspects: physical and media access control (MAC) parameters: interrogator to
tag link .15
6.2.2 Tag to interrogator link .17
6.2.3 Description of operating method.20
6.2.4 Protocol parameters.25
6.2.5 Description of protocol operating method .25
6.2.6 Collision management parameters.41
6.2.7 Description of collision management parameters operating method (informative) .41
6.2.8 Tag order sequencing.49
6.2.9 Commands .49
6.2.10 Air interface application layer .49
6.2.11 Optional Functionality.49
6.3 MODE 3: Physical layer, collision management system and protocols for MODE 3 .52
6.3.1 Protocol overview.52
6.3.2 General .52
6.3.3 Physical layer, collision management system and protocols .53
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
7 Marking of equipment . 124
Annex A (informative) MODE 1: mandatory and optional commands required to support the
ISO/IEC 15962 data protocol. 125
Annex B (informative) MODE 2 and MODE 3: Phase Jitter Modulation. 126
Annex C (normative) MODE3: State transition tables . 129
C.1 Present state: Ready . 129
C.2 Present state: Arbitrate . 130
C.3 Present state: Reply . 131
C.4 Present state: Acknowledged. 132
C.5 Present state: Open. 133
C.6 Present state: Secured. 134
C.7 Present state: Killed (optional). 136
Annex D (normative) MODE 3: Command Response Tables . 137
D.1 Command response: Power-up. 137
D.2 Command response: BeginRound. 137
D.3 Command response: NextSlot . 138
D.4 Command response: ResizeRound . 138
D.5 Command response: ACK . 138
D.6 Command response: NAK . 139
D.7 Command response: Req_RN . 139
D.8 Command response: Select . 139
D.9 Command response: Read . 140
D.10 Command response: Write . 140
D.11 Command response: Kill . 141
D.12 Command response: Lock. 141
D.13 Command response: Access . 142
D.14 Command response: BlockWrite . 142
D.15 Command response: BlockErase . 142
D.16 Command response: BlockPermalock. 143
D.17 Command response: T timeout . 143
2
D.18 Command response: Invalid command . 144
Annex E (normative)  MODE 3: Error codes. 145
Annex F (normative) MODE 3: Slot counter . 146
F.1 Slot-counter operation . 146
Annex G (informative) MODE 3: Example slot-count (Q) selection algorithm . 147
G.1 Example algorithm an interrogator might use to choose Q. 147
Annex H (informative) MODE 3: Example of tag inventory and access. 148
H.1 ASK Method: Example inventory and access of a single tag . 148
H.2 PJM Method: Example inventory and access of a single or multiple tags. 149
Annex I (informative) MODE 3: Calculation of 5-bit and 16-bit cyclic redundancy checks . 150
I.1 Example CRC-5 encoder/decoder. 150
I.2 Example CRC-16 calculations . 151
I.3 Example CRC-16c encoder/decoder. 151
Annex J (informative) MODE 3: ASK Method: Interrogator-to-tag link modulation . 152
J.1 Baseband waveforms, modulated RF, and detected waveforms . 152
Annex K (informative) MODE 3: Example data flow exchange. 153
K.1 Overview of the data-flow exchange. 153
K.2 Tag memory contents and lock-field values. 153
K.3 Data-flow exchange and command sequence. 154
Annex L (informative) MODE 3: Tag Features . 155
L.1 Optional Tag passwords . 155
L.2 Optional Tag memory banks and memory-bank sizes . 155
L.3 Optional Tag commands. 155
L.4 Optional Tag error-code reporting format. 155
iv © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
L.5 Optional Tag functionality .156
L.6 Optional Tag Feature.156
Annex M (informative) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) (16 bit) .157
M.1 The CRC error detection method.157
M.2 CRC calculation example.157
Annex N (informative) Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mode 2 (32 bit).159
N.1 The CRC 32 error detection method.159
N.2 CRC 32 calculation example .159
N.3 Practical example of CRC 32 calculation.161
Annex O (informative) Known possible interferences between the MODES determined in this part
of ISO/IEC 18000.162
Bibliography.163

© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 18000-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC 18000-3:2008), which has been
technically revised.
ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item management:
⎯ Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
⎯ Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
⎯ Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
⎯ Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
⎯ Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
⎯ Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
vi © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 18000 has been developed in order to
⎯ provide a framework to define common communications protocols for Internationally useable frequencies
for radio frequency identification (RFID), and, where possible, to determine the use of the same protocols
for all frequencies such that the problems of migrating from one to another are diminished;
⎯ minimise software and implementation costs;
⎯ enable system management and control and information exchange to be common as far as is possible.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 was prepared in accordance with the requirements determined in ISO/IEC 18000-1.
ISO/IEC 18000-1 provides explanation of the concepts behind this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 has 3 MODES of operation, intended to address different applications. The
detailed technical differences between the MODES are shown in the parameter tables.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 relates solely to systems operating at 13,56 MHz.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents.
The ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have assured the ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licenses
under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with the ISO and IEC. Information
may be obtained from the following companies.
Contact details Patent number
EM Microelectronic SA EP 97 115772.2
Mr Marc Degrauwe, IP manager EP 0 902 546
Rue des Sors 3 US 151803
CH-2074 Marin, Switzerland
(T) [phone]
(F) [phone]
[e-mail]
www.emmicroelectronic.com
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved vii

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
Contact details Patent number
Impinj, Inc.
Chris Diorio, CTO
701 N 34th Street, suite 300
Seattle, WA 98103, USA
(T) [phone]
(F) [phone]
[e-mail]
www.impinj.com
Intermec IP Corporation US 5673037
Phyllis T. Turner-Brim, Esq. DE 69530547.6
Legal Department EP 0702323
th
6001 – 36 Avenue West FR EP0702323
Everett, WA 98203, USA GB EP0702323
(T) [phone] KR 204748
(F) [phone] TW 318306
[e-mail] US 6172596
US 6400274 (claims 1-10 only)
US 6404325
US 5550547
TW 307079
KR 210830
US 5521601
US 5777561
US 5828318
EP 1020044
US 5912632
US 5942987
TW 352492
KR 244844
US 5995019
US 6400274 (claims 11 et. Seq.)
US 6288629
US 6812841
US 6812852
US 7427912
viii © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
Contact details Patent number
US5302954
Magellan Technology Pty. Limited
IP Manager SG37971
65 Johnston St DE3854478D
Annandale, NSW 2038, Australia EP0390822
US5485154
(T) [phone]
(F) [phone] US10/927,957
[e-mail] US6967573
JP2002500465T
JP2006-180816
DE69835452
EP1048126
AU2006202886
AU785098
US7248145
US7259654
US11/538,271
US11/538/242
JP2003 526148
JP2006 344227
DE60119910
EP1266458
EP07013773
EP1544782
EP1544788
EP1679635
NXP B.V.
Marc Schouten
Intellectual Property & Licensing
High Tech Campus 32
5656 AE Eindhoven
The Netherlands
(T) [phone]
(F) [phone]
[e-mail]
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved ix

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
Contact details Patent number
TAGSYS, SA US 6,641,036
Alastair McArthur, CTO EP 1232471
180. Chemin de Saint Lambert US 6992567
13821 La Penne sur Huveaune EP 1256083
FRANCE US 6946951
[phone] EP 1358644
[phone] US 6538564
[e-mail] EP 953181
www.tagsysrfid.com
Texas Instruments Inc. EP1 038257
Robby Holland, Licensing Manager US 09/315708
P.O. Box 655464, MS 3999 JP 00-560700
Dallas TX 75256 EP 1 034644
(T) [phone] US 6442215
(F) [phone] CN 1273730A
[e-mail] WO00/04686
EP 0669591B
AT-PS 401127
Zebra Technologies Corporation US 6784787
EP 1031046
Eric McAlpine, IP Counsel
Legal Department EP 1291671
333 Corporate Woods Parkway EP 05017862.3
Vernon Hills, IL 60061-3109 US 5680459
US 5557280
(T) [phone]
(F) [phone] US 5699066
EP 0585132
[e-mail]
US 6198381
JP 10-272945
US 5537105
US 5966083
US 5995017

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights. The latest IP submissions to ISO can be found at:
http://www.iso.org/patents

x © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for
item management —
Part 3:
Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 provides physical layer, collision management system and protocol values for
RFID systems for item identification operating at 13,56 MHz in accordance with the requirements of
ISO/IEC 18000-1.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 provides definitions for systems for each MODE determined in Clause 6 below.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines three non-interfering MODES.
⎯ The MODES are not interoperable.
⎯ The MODES, whilst not interoperable, are non-interfering.
2 Conformance
In order to claim conformance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000, it is necessary to comply with all of the relevant
clauses of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 except those marked “optional”. It is also necessary to operate within
the local national radio regulations (which may require further restrictions).
Relevant conformance test methods are defined in ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 13239, Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between
systems — High-level data link control (HDLC) procedures
ISO/IEC 7816-6, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 6: Interindustry data elements for
interchange
ISO/IEC 15693 (all parts), Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Vicinity cards
ISO/IEC 15961, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management — Data
protocol: application interface
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
ISO/IEC 15962, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management — Data
protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions
ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Unique
identification for RF tags
ISO/IEC 18000-1, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 1:
Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
ISO/IEC TR 18046, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Radio
frequency identification device performance test methods
ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC)
techniques — Harmonized vocabulary
EPCglobal Tag Data Standards (Version 1.3 and above)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts) and the
following apply.
4.1
cover-coded text
information that is cover-coded
4.2
cover-coding
method by which an interrogator obscures information that it is transmitting to a tag
4.3
full-duplex communications
communication of data while the transceiver transmits the activation field
4.4
half-duplex communications
data transmission in either direction, one direction at a time
4.5
handle
16-bit random number (RN16) that is used to authenticate tags in the open or secured state
4.6
PacketCRC
16-bit cyclic-redundancy check (CRC) code that a tag with nonzero-valued XPC indicator (XI) dynamically
calculates over its protocol control (PC), extended protocol control (XPC), and unique item identifier (UII), and
provides by loadmodulation during inventory
cf. StoredCRC
4.7
PacketPC
protocol-control information that a tag with nonzero-valued XPC indicator dynamically calculates and provides
by loadmodulation during inventory
cf. StoredPC
2 © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010(E)
4.8
phase jitter modulation
PJM
modulation technique that transmits data as very small phase ch
...