ISO 17894:2005
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Computer applications — General principles for the development and use of programmable electronic systems in marine applications
Ships and marine technology — Computer applications — General principles for the development and use of programmable electronic systems in marine applications
ISO 17894:2005 provides a set of mandatory principles, recommended criteria and associated guidance for the development and use of dependable marine programmable electronic systems for shipboard use. It applies to any shipboard equipment containing programmable elements which may affect the safe or efficient operation of the ship. It contains information for all parties involved in the specification, operation, maintenance and assessment of such systems. The principles and guidance in the document are largely based on requirements in national and international standards. The source standards and their contribution to this International Standard are presented in the bibliography.
Navires et technologies marines — Applications informatiques — Principes généraux pour le développement et l'utilisation des systèmes électroniques programmables pour applications marines
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17894
First edition
2005-03-15
Ships and marine technology —
Computer applications — General
principles for the development and use of
programmable electronic systems in
marine applications
Navires et technologies marines — Applications informatiques —
Principes généraux pour le développement et l'utilisation des systèmes
électroniques programmables pour applications marines
Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 5
6 Use of this International Standard . 5
7 Principles for marine PES . 6
7.1 Intention for marine PES . 6
7.2 Product principles for marine PES. 6
7.2.1 First principle . 6
7.2.2 Second principle . 6
7.2.3 Third principle . 7
7.2.4 Fourth principle. 7
7.2.5 Fifth principle . 7
7.2.6 Sixth principle . 7
7.2.7 Seventh principle . 8
7.2.8 Eighth principle . 8
7.2.9 Ninth principle . 8
7.2.10 Tenth principle . 8
7.2.11 Eleventh principle . 9
7.3 Life cycle principles for marine PES. 9
7.3.1 General. 9
7.3.2 Twelfth principle. 9
7.3.3 Thirteenth principle. 9
7.3.4 Fourteenth principle . 10
7.3.5 Fifteenth principle . 10
7.3.6 Sixteenth principle . 11
7.3.7 Seventeenth principle. 11
7.3.8 Eighteenth principle. 11
7.3.9 Nineteenth principle. 11
7.3.10 Twentieth principle . 12
Annex A (informative) Terms and concepts used in this International Standard. 13
Annex B (informative) Guidance on the principles for marine PES . 18
Annex C (informative) Guidance on the life cycle of marine PES . 39
Annex D (informative) Checklist for marine PES life cycle outputs. 45
Annex E (informative) Application of the principles in the life cycle . 57
Annex F (informative) Principles for marine PES. 61
Bibliography . 63
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17894 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 10, Computer applications.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Systems which include programmable electronic systems (PES) are not exact substitutes for the
electromechanical systems and/or crew tasks which they replace. A new technology is involved, which can
provide opportunities for integration of traditional system components (including crew tasks) and more
complex behaviour. This allows increases in efficiency and safety through improved monitoring, better
situational awareness on the bridge, etc. However, PES are complex products and, like all products, they can
contain defects. These defects cannot be seen. Software does not respond to traditional engineering methods
for the testing of soundness. The combination of complexity, replacement of a combination of mechanical and
crew functions with computer hardware and software, and industry practice in developing and maintaining
marine PES leads to a wide range of potential defects which cannot be guarded against by prescriptive
standards.
The use of a PES in the management, monitoring or control of a ship may have several effects:
potential to enhance the ability and efficiency of the crew;
changes in the organization of work through the automation of lower-level tasks;
integration of systems through use of several systems by one seafarer;
shift in the role of the crew towards the management of many linked, complex PES;
shift of the crew's perception of the ship to that presented by the interfaces of the PES;
layers of embedded and/or application software interposed between the crew and the ship;
physical interconnection of ship systems through the use of computer networks.
The overall effect of the use of PES is that the ship becomes one total system of inter-linked PES and crew
which work together to fulfil the operator's business goals for the ship. In order for this total system to be
dependable, both the design of the PES and the management of its use have to support the safe and effective
performance of the crew as a critical component of the total system. Such a human-centred approach has to
be based on a thorough knowledge of the particular skills, working environment and tasks of the crew using
the PES. The total system concept is described further in A.2.
In the traditional approach to maritime safety, ship systems are built to and operated against precise,
prescriptive standards. These standards were developed in response to feedback about incidents or risky
behaviour of previous ship systems. This approach is appropriate for relatively simple systems in a time of
slow technical innovation. However, suppliers and operators nowadays want to innovate with complex, new
solutions. In addition, the base technologies for PES are evolving very quickly. The assurance of dependability
in this case cannot rely on knowledge of previous systems. The solution is for the developer and operator to
assess the risks from and to the particular ship, its systems, crew and its operating philosophy, and to address
these specific risks in the design and operation of the PES. Components of the system can then either be re-
designed or operated in such a way as to minimize these risks. The quality of construction, operation and
maintenance of the system to be sure of the achievement of a required level of dependability of the PES is
also defined.
This International Standard is based on best practice in PES development as stated in existing marine,
electrical and electronic, IT, ergonomics and safety standards. It is not intended to replace any of these
standards. It presents a synoptic view of the requirements of these standards as a framework of principles for
the development of dependable PES.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17894:2005(E)
Ships and marine technology — Computer applications —
General principles for the development and use of
programmable electronic systems in marine applications
1 Scope
This International Standard provides a set of mandatory principles, recommended criteria and associated
guidance for the development and use of dependable marine programmable electronic systems for shipboard
use. It applies to any shipboard equipment containing programmable elements which may affect the safe or
efficient operation of the ship. It contains information for all parties involved in the specification, operation,
maintenance and assessment of such systems. The principles and guidance in the document are largely
based on requirements in national and International Standards. The source standards and their contribution to
this International Standard are presented in the bibliography.
NOTE This International Standard does not directly address performance, test or test results requirements
associated with specific types of equipment or functions. In such instances existing application or component standards
may be applied, e.g. IEC 60945, in respect of navigation and radio-communications equipment. The responsible body (e.g.
National Administration, Classification Society or other contracted party) will determi
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