ISO/PAS 16917:2002
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Data transfer standard for maritime, intermodal transportation and security
Ships and marine technology — Data transfer standard for maritime, intermodal transportation and security
ISO/PAS 16917:2003 specifies a representation of information associated with the surface (marine, highway, rail) transportation of cargo and personnel.
Navires et technologie maritime — Norme de transfert de données pour le transport maritime, le transport intermodal et la securité
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
PUBLICLY ISO/PAS
AVAILABLE 16917
SPECIFICATION
First edition
2002-12-15
Ships and marine technology — Data
transfer standard for maritime and
intermodal transportation and security
Navires et technologie maritime — Norme de transfert de données pour
le transport maritime, le transport intermodal et la sécurité
Reference number
ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
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ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
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ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
0 Introduction . v
0.1 Background . v
0.2 Purpose of ISO 16917 . vi
0.3 Description of ISO 16917. vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
3.1 General terms and abbreviations . 2
3.2 Terms taken from ISO/IEC 11179-1:1999 . 2
4 Data Dictionary (ISO/IEC 11179) . 9
4.1 Purpose. 9
4.2 Data Dictionary Standard . 9
5 Data modelling . 9
5.1 General. 9
5.2 Data model for data dictionary . 9
5.3 Data models for the application domain. 10
6 Linking Data Architecture . 12
6.1 General. 12
6.2 Topic Map. 12
7 Data-Transfer Architecture. 12
8 Data-Dictionary Development and Support. 13
8.1 Data-Dictionary Development. 13
8.2 Data-Dictionary Maintenance. 13
8.3 Data-Element Registration . 13
8.4 Place of Data Register . 13
Annex A (informative) Further information related to background and purpose of ISO/IEC 11179 . 14
Annex B (informative) Data-transfer data model. 16
Bibliography . 18
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ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
— an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
— an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/PAS 16917 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology,
Subcommittee SC 10, Computer applications.
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ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
0 Introduction
0.1 Background
The need to exchange data in electronic form is recognized throughout industry and government. This need
has been driven by specific business requirements and has resulted in the initiation of many data-transfer
standards. The transportation industry is particularly dependent on the efficient exchange of information
among the many participants. These data-transfer requirements cover both the transportation assets needed
to perform the transportation as well as commercial information on the cargo transported. To that end, a
number of parallel efforts are underway to promote data exchange by way of standards organizations, the
United Nations and trade associations. The need to exchange data relative to cargo, ship, intermodal
transport, and port security gives urgency to the establishment of an applicable data-transfer standard.
Data-transfer standards and schema have been built around the models of specific business processes and
have identified specific data sets requiring exchange. Many of these specific commercial requirements were
met by EDI data messages. The exchange of specific technical data for the building of ships is being
addressed by STEP (ISO 13303) standards. These standards embed the data definitions in the software,
limiting the flexibility for use in other applications. EDI and STEP require the implementation of costly complex
software. Both are primarily implemented by large organizations with their trading partners. Worldwide data
exchange, including small to medium enterprises, will require low-cost, flexible, Internet-based data-transfer
methods. The implementation of new methods will incorporate common data definitions across all systems
and will not limit the continued use of EDI or STEP.
New requirements include broad searches of business and security-related data and the ability to link a
particular data item to many other data items located in diverse databases. Clearly, the ability to meet new
business and government data-transfer needs will require some standard identification of the data elements.
The Internet will play a crucial role in data exchange; however, the current primary limitation is a lack of
common understanding on the meaning of the data. Therefore, data definitions relative to specific domains
must be developed by industry groups with knowledge of the requirements. These Data Dictionary definitions,
which may record other locations of the data, may then be linked to participating organization’s databases. It
does not require any organization to change the format of their own data but allows them to map to the
standard Data Dictionary definition to facilitate data exchange.
Advancement in data-transfer technology results in changes in transfer documents and techniques. The
separating out of the relatively stable data definitions from the changing data-transfer technology will facilitate
the implementation of the new technology.
The data-exchange requirements may start with the building and operation of the equipment involved, from
ships to container transport to port facilities. The commercial operation of the equipment requires even larger
amounts of data exchange, including cargo documentation and the operation of the transportation equipment
and terminals. Governments require the exchange of information concerning the safety of personnel and the
environment, as well as the rapid analysis of transportation data to identify potential security risks.
Throughout the whole transportation process, the exchange of information is necessary among all the
segments including
building and operation of ships and equipment,
building and operation of cargo containers and related equipment,
building and operation of ports and terminals,
tracking of cargo and containers (cargo visibility),
exchange of commercial documents (shippers, brokers, carriers),
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ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
e-commerce in support of transportation (chartering, provisions, bunkers, services),
monitoring ship and cargo movements, including security checks of cargo, ships, and personnel, and
collection of customs duties and port dues.
Each of these segments of the transportation process has developed data-exchange procedures to serve their
own needs. Their systems were not designed to exchange data with external organizations. Even when the
same basic transfer technology was used, the data is recorded in a different manner. World events now
require the ability to exchange data across all segments. This Publicly Available Specification addresses the
basic requirements to accomplish this using current international standards and without the need to change
existing databases.
0.2 Purpose of ISO 16917
The purpose of this Publicly Available Specification is to facilitate the efficient transfer of data between various
organizations involved with maritime and intermodal transportation and security. Transportation-security
information requires an even wider access to data including trucks, trains and air shipment. This Publicly
Available Specification will provide a method of linking databases on a worldwide basis so that data may be
exchanged from computer to computer without manual intervention or need to change the way the data is
stored. This Publicly Available Specification does not propose to define the commercial or government
documents used in international trade, as a number of standards under development address this requirement.
This Publicly Available Specification defines data elements in clear concise terms that can be used in multiple-
data-transfer documents and to define the data elements in Data Dictionaries in a standardized way separate
from the transfer documents. It will also define how the data dictionaries will be structured and maintained and
how they may be used to link similar data around the world. The data-transfer may apply to the data exchange
in the normal course of maritime business for both commercial and military transportation or to the collection
and exchange of data in the security process from many diverse databases around the world. The data search
and transfer process should be efficient and low cost with access through the Internet, along with a method of
linking databases with different data structures by mapping to common data elements located in data
dictionaries.
0.3 Description of ISO 16917
ISO 16917 is a Publicly Available Specification for the definition and structuring of meaningful data that is
required to be readily exchanged in the maritime and intermodal transportation process. The meaning and
structure of the data will be defined to a level that allows electronic exchange without the need for manual
validation. The data elements will be defined in data dictionaries representing specific business domains.
Data-transfer will be accomplished using some data-transfer messaging protocol (i.e. EDI, STEP/EXPRESS,
XML). A Reference Data Library consisting of Data Dictionaries of metadata required in specific domains will
be defined. Reference linking will be provided between data defined in Domain Data Dictionaries. This
Publicly Available Specification will include a common method of indexing, structuring, and linking the data
using a data model for both the data dictionary and the business domain, and it will support the exchange of
data for the life cycle of the transportation equipment and its commercial use. This Publicly Available
Specification makes reference to ISO/IEC 11179 and uses this International Standard as the basis for the data
dictionaries.
This Publicly Available Specification describes four elements:
a) definition of the data in a standard form (Data Dictionaries), see Clause 4;
b) modeling of the data for reference indexing and searching (e.g. XML modeling and Topic maps), see
Clause 5 and 6;
c) method of mapping data to other instances of the same data (e.g. Topic maps), see Clause 6;
d) electronically transmitting the data between computer systems incorporating rapidly evolving XML and
EDI standards and dialects, see Clause 7.
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PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
Ships and marine technology — Data transfer standard for
maritime and intermodal transportation and security
1 Scope
This Publicly Available Specification specifies a representation of information associated with the surface
(marine, highway, rail) transportation of cargo and personnel. It supports the following:
definition of information required to be exchanged in the building and operation of transportation
equipment throughout its life cycle (see Figure 1);
definition of information required to be exchanged in the commercial operation of transportation
equipment and the movement of cargo (see Figure 2).
Figure 1 — Transportation equipment life cycle
Figure 2 — Cargo transportation process
This Publicly Available Specification identifies the information that may be exchanged in both the production
and operation of the assets needed in the transportation process as well as the information needed in the
commercial transportation process and the regulatory information relating to each. Asset procurement and
operation, as well as commercial transactions, are needed to support international trade. Continuous
exchange of information between the equipment operators and the commercial operators are part of the
transportation process. The above diagrams show the various processes and stages involved with maritime
and intermodal transportation requiring data exchange.
This Publicly Available Specification is applicable to the implementation of databases and data warehouses
that enable data sharing among the various participants in the transportation process.
The purpose of the Data Dictionary definitions is to allow the mapping of data that relates to the base
definitions, with multiple occurrences of the data within industry and government databases.
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ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 11179 (all parts), Specification and standardization of data elements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, abbreviations and definitions apply.
3.1 General terms and abbreviations
3.1.1
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
3.1.2
STEP
standard for exchange of product model data according to ISO 10303
3.1.3
Data-Transfer Document
set of data elements in some standard protocol (EDI, XML, etc.)
3.1.4
XML
extensible markup language
3.2 Terms taken from ISO/IEC 11179-1:1999
NOTE Certain terms have been adapted.
3.2.1
attribute
characteristic of an object or entity
3.2.2
attribute value
representation of an instance of an attribute
3.2.3
certified data element
recorded data element that has met the quality requirements specified in ISO/IEC 11179
3.2.4
classification scheme
arrangement or division of objects into groups based on characteristics that the objects have in common, e.g.
origin, composition, structure, application, function, etc.
3.2.5
classification scheme item
discrete components of content in a classification scheme
NOTE These may be the nodes of a taxonomy/ontology, the terms of a thesaurus, etc.
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ISO/PAS 16917:2002(E)
3.2.6
classified component
administered component of a data element that may be classified in one or more classification schemes
NOTE These components include the object class, property, representation class, data element concept, value
domain, and data element.
3.2.7
comments
remarks on the data element
3.2.8
concept
unit of thought constituted through abstraction on the basis of characteristics common to a set of objects
[ISO 1087:1990]
3.2.9
context
designation or description of the application environment or discipline in which a name is applied or from
which it originates
3.2.10
data
representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner, suitable for communication,
interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means
3.2.11
data dictionary
database used for data that refers to the use and structure of other data; that is, a database for the storage of
metadata
[ANSI X3.172-1990]
See also data element dictionary.
3.2.12
data element
unit of data for which the definition, identification, representation, and permissible values are specified by
means of a set of attributes
3.2.13
data element concept
concept that can be represented in the form of a data element, described independently of any particular
representation
3.2.14
data element dictionary
information resource that lists and defines all relevant data elements
See also register.
3.2.15
data element facet
any aspect of a data element that is subject to classification
NOTE This includes object class, property, representation, and data element concept.
3.2.16
data element name
single or multi-word designation used as the primary means of identification of data elements for humans
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3.2.17
data element registry
information resource kept by a registration authority that describes the meaning and representational form
of data elements, including registration identifiers, definitions, names, value domains, metadata and
administrative attributes, etc.
See also register.
3.2.18
data element value
value out of a set of permissible values pertaining to a data element
See also data value.
3.2.19
data identifier
DI
identifier of a data element (a string of characters or other graphic symbols) assigned by a registration
authority
3.2.20
data item
one occurrence of a data element
3.2.21
data model
description of the organization of data in a manner that reflects an information structure
3.2.22
data steward
person or organization delegated the responsibility for managing a specific set of data resources
3.2.23
datatype
format used for the collection of letters, digits, and/or symbols, to depict values of a data element, determined
by the operations that may be performed on the data element
3.2.24
datatype of data element values
set of distinct values for representing the data element value
3.2.25
data value
element of a value domain
3.2.26
definition
word or phrase expressing the essential nature of a person or thing or class of persons or things: an answer to
the question "what is x?" or "what is an x?"; a statement of the meaning of a word or word group [Webster's
Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, 1986]. Statement that expresses the
essential nature of a data element and permits its differentiation from all other data elements
3.2.27
domain
set of possible data values of an attribute
[ISO/IEC 2382]
See also value domain.
NOTE Also can refer to a business domain.
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3.2.28
entity
any concrete or abstract thing of interest, including associations among things
[ISO/IEC 2382]
See also object class.
3.2.29
enumerated domain
value domain that is specified by a list of all permissible values
3.2.30
form of representation
name or description of the form of representation for the data element, e.g. 'quantitative value, 'code', 'text',
'icon'
See also representation term.
3.2.31
identifier
language independent unique identifier of a data element within a registration authority
See also data identifier.
NOTE This is an unambiguous name for an object within a given context.
3.2.32
information
〈In information processing〉 knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas,
including concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning
[ISO/IEC 2382]
3.2.33
information interchange
process of sending and receiving data in such a manner that the information content or meaning assigned to
the data is not altered during the transmission
3.2.34
international registration data identifier
IRDI
internationally unique identifier for a data element
3.2.35
keyword
one or more significant words used for retrieval of data elements
3.2.36
layout of representation
layout of characters in data element values expressed by a character string representation
3.2.37
lexical
pertaining to words or the vocabulary of a language as distinguished from its grammar and construction
3.2.38
maximum size of data element values
maximum number of storage units (of the corresponding datatype) to represent the data element value
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3.2.39
metadata
data that defines and describes other data
3.2.40
minimum size of data element values
minimum number of storage units (of the corresponding datatype) to represent the data element value
3.2.41
name
primary means of identification of objects and ideas for humans; a single or multi-word designation assigned
to a data element
3.2.42
object
any part of the conceivable or perceivable world
[ISO 1087:1990]
3.2.43
object class
set of objects: a set of ideas, abstractions, or things in the real world that can be identified with explicit
boundaries and meaning and whose properties and behaviour follow the same rules
3.2.44
object class term
component of the name of a data element which represents the object class to which it belongs
EXAMPLE Employee
3.2.45
permissible data element values
set of representations of permissible instances of the data element, according to the representation form,
layout, datatype, maximum size, and minimum size specified in the corresponding attributes
NOTE The set can be specified by name, by reference to a source, by enumeration of the representation of the
instances, or by rules for generating instances.
3.2.46
property
peculiarity common to all members of an object class
3.2.47
property term
component of the data element name which expresses a property of an object class (a component of the
name of a data element which expresses the category to which the data element belongs)
3.2.48
qualifier
term that helps define and render a concept unique
3.2.49
qualifier term
word or words which help define and differentiate a name within the database
3.2.50
recorded data element
submitted data element which contains all mandatory attributes and has been recorded but the contents
may not meet the quality requirements specified in this International Standard
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3.2.51
register
set of files (paper, electronic, or a combination) containing the assigned data elements and the associated
information
See also data element registry.
3.2.52
registration
assignment of an unambiguous identifier to a data element in a way that makes the metadata about those
data elements available to interested parties
3.2.53
registration applicant
organization, individual, etc., which requests the assignment of an identifier from a registration authority
3.2.54
registration authority
RA
organization authorized to register data elements or other objects
3.2.55
registration authority identifier
RAI
identifier assigned to a registration authority
3.2.56
registration status
designation of the position in the registration life-cycle of a data element
3.2.57
related data reference
reference between a data element and any related data
3.2.58
representation
combination of a value domain, datatype, and, if necessary, a unit of measure or a character set
3.2.59
representation category
type of symbol, character, or other designation used to represent a data element
3.2.60
representation term
component of a data element name which describes the form of representation of the data element
3.2.61
responsible organization
organization or unit within an organization that is responsible for the contents of the mandatory attributes by
which the data element is specified
3.2.62
semantics
branch of linguistic science which deals with the meaning of words (Webster)
3.2.63
separator
symbol or space enc
...
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