ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016
(Main)Information technology — Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) — Part 15: Multimedia preservation application format
Information technology — Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) — Part 15: Multimedia preservation application format
ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016 specifies the standard representation of the multimedia description information (MPDI) generated and used by an organization in the process of preserving a multimedia asset for the purpose of facilitating the exchange of multimedia content between archives or other stakeholders (e.g. publishers, broadcasters, service providers and the like), as well as subsequent preservation and use.
Technologies de l'information — Format pour application multimédia (MPEG-A) — Partie 15: Format pour application de la conservation des multimédias
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23000-15
First edition
2016-07-15
Information technology — Multimedia
application format (MPEG-A) —
Part 15:
Multimedia preservation application
format
Technologies de l’information — Format pour application multimédia
(MPEG-A) —
Partie 15: Format pour application de la conservation des
multimédias
Reference number
ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2016
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO/IEC 2016 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 MPEG-21 terminology . 2
3.2 MP-AF Structure terminology . 3
3.3 MP-AF Description terminology . 4
3.4 Multimedia Preservation Description Information (MPDI) terminology . 4
3.5 MP-AF Process terminology. 6
4 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 MP-AF data model . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Logical data model . 7
5.2.1 MP-AF Digital Item Entities . 8
5.2.2 MP-AF Process Entities . .16
5.2.3 Relation to MPEG-21 DID Entities .22
5.2.4 Specific subclasses of Activity and Operator .23
5.3 Implementation of the MP-AF data model .24
5.3.1 Implementation of structure .24
5.3.2 Top-level elements .24
5.3.3 Implementation of Specific Descriptor Types of Preservation Metadata .27
5.3.4 References to controlled vocabularies and other resources .44
5.3.5 Nesting of descriptors .44
6 Common core metadata set .44
6.1 General .44
6.2 Core descriptive metadata .45
6.2.1 Content metadata .45
6.2.2 Descriptive Metadata for Non-Content Entities .49
6.3 Core technical metadata .52
6.3.1 Properties for all content types.53
6.3.2 Properties for image/video content .54
6.3.3 Properties for audio content .55
6.4 Generic annotation .56
6.4.1 AnnotationDescriptorType .57
6.4.2 AnnotationStatementType .57
6.4.3 RDFXMLAnnotationStatementType .57
6.4.4 JSONAnnotationStatementType .57
7 Conformance .58
7.1 Conformance of MP-AF documents .58
7.2 External schemata .59
7.3 References .59
7.3.1 References to other resources .59
7.3.2 References to controlled vocabularies .59
7.4 Conformance to MPEG-21 .59
Annex A (normative) XML schema .60
Annex B (informative) Mapping MP-AF to other preservation metadata models .61
Annex C (informative) Taxonomies .66
Bibliography .68
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
ISO/IEC 23000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology —
Multimedia application format (MPEG-A):
— Part 1: Purpose for multimedia application formats
— Part 2: MPEG music player application format
— Part 3: MPEG photo player application format
— Part 4: Musical slide show application format
— Part 5: Media streaming application format
— Part 6: Professional archival application format
— Part 7: Open access application format
— Part 8: Portable video application format
— Part 9: Digital multimedia broadcasting application format
— Part 10: Surveillance application format
— Part 11: Stereoscopic video application format
— Part 12: Interactive music application format
— Part 13: Augmented reality application format
— Part 15: Multimedia preservation application format
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
— Part 16: Publish/subscribe application format
— Part 18: Media linking application format
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 17: Multiple sensorial media application format
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 23000 (also known as ʺMPEG-Aʺ) is an MPEG standard that supports a fast track to
standardization by selecting readily tested and verified tools taken from the MPEG body of standards
and combining them to form a MAF (Multimedia Application Format). If a needed piece of technology
is not provided within MPEG, then additional technologies originating from other organizations can be
included by reference in order to facilitate the envisioned MAF.
The Multimedia Preservation Application Format (MP-AF ISO/IEC 23000-15) defines the Multimedia
Preservation Description Information (MPDI). MPDI extends the concept of Preservation Description
[4]
Information (PDI), providing metadata addressing the specific requirements for preserving
[13]
multimedia content. MP-AF defines a metadata format that enables users to effectively exchange
information (metadata) related to multimedia preservation operations and their outcomes. Typical
examples include the description of integrity checking and related results, content migration from one
system to another, replication of subparts or entire contents, content quality evaluation and related
quality report, relationships between the source and output of any transformation process, etc. At the
core of MP-AF is its data model definition provided through UML diagrams and formal descriptions and
a normative XML-Schema implementation. The model has been harmonized with MPEG-21 Digital Item
Declaration and the schema reuses considerable parts of existing MPEG technologies, most notably
MPEG-21 and MPEG-7.
ISO/IEC 23000 also provides the industry with a coherent and consistent approach to manage
multimedia preservation metadata supporting a variety of application scenarios, such a digitization,
format migration, content restoration, etc. This includes various applications, hardware/software
systems and processing methods used in different digital media administrative domains and being
independent of technological changes.
ISO/IEC 23000 defines a data model for preservation metadata and its serialization in XML. It thus
serves as an interoperable metadata format at the external interfaces of a digital preservation system.
The most widely known and adopted reference model for digital preservation is the Open Archival
[4]
Information System (OAIS), a framework for understanding and applying concepts necessary for
long-term preservation of digital information. In the following, the OAIS terminology is adopted for
describing the several preservation notions addressed by MP-AF.
OAIS defines information packages (IP) at the ingest (submission – SIP) and delivery (dissemination
– DIP) side of a preservation system. These packages enfold the object of digital preservation that is
made up of the content items (one or more) and associated resources and metadata. Different packaging
formats can serve as an implementation for the IP and the same type of wrapper could be used for
submission, dissemination, as well as internal (archive) IPs. According to the OAIS guidelines, the
Professional Archival Application Format (ISO/IEC 23000-6:2012, PA-AF), which has been designed
to provide a standardized packaging format for digital files, fulfils the needs for a packaging format
within MPEG technologies.
The basic objective of digital preservation is to enable the seamless communication of information
over time and free from loss or corruption. Traditionally, this has been achieved by the conservation of
physical media on which the information is inscribed and materially associated. If the physical object
persists without alteration, the information remains unchanged and is being communicated to any
person or system capable of receiving it.
Even if some physical change occurs, the essential characteristics of the information it carries may
remain intact. For example, the ink in a textual document may have faded, but the text can remain fully
readable. However, the persistence of digital information is complicated by several factors, mainly
technological change. Obsolescence may make digital storage media unreadable and digital encodings
indecipherable. Progress may make it desirable to use new software to process old data, but entails
the risk that the output is not faithful to the source. For multimedia, the complexity is increased by the
variety of formats used and the complexity introduced by the use of compression, codecs and wrappers.
For any use over time where the integrity of the data or fidelity to original properties are important,
controls that are independent of the technologies used to store and process the data need to be imposed.
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
[4]
The foundation for such controls is Preservation Description Information (PDI ). PDI is metadata
and contextual information that identifies what is being preserved, defines its essential properties,
describes requirements for processing it, and identifies processes which generated, used or modified
Digital Items as well as their results.
Many organizations collecting multimedia content, such as archives, libraries, museums, etc. already
have digital preservation systems in place. These organizations have sometimes the need to exchange
multimedia assets and related metadata, for example
— to exchange assets between preservation systems/repositories within the organization or with
related organizations,
— to change/upgrade their preservation systems,
— to exchange content with service providers, and
— to provide preservation services for other organizations.
These exchanges need to include preservation description information that enables the receiving
organization both to assess the integrity and fidelity of the assets it receives and to establish a baseline
for curation and use of the assets. The description may include metadata about content, structure and
quality, as well as technical, historical and editorial information, and information about property and
use rights and conditions.
The following are the purposes of the MP-AF in brief:
— to enable the exchange of multimedia assets (multimedia resources plus associated metadata)
between different repositories by providing interoperable preservation description information;
— to enable archive management to react to specific events and determine when preservation actions,
such as migration, are needed to maintain the accessibility of preserved multimedia content;
— to enable automatic assessment of preservation strategies and their execution;
— to enable archive management to avoid corruption or loss of multimedia assets when changes are
made in the hardware, software or storage media used by the archive by providing standardized
descriptors to characterize multimedia assets and to describe preservation actions and outcomes
for long term preservation;
— to enable producers (originators of assets to be preserved) to provide the archive with sufficient
descriptive information to assess, plan for, and carry out preservation processes that maintain the
integrity and fidelity of the content;
— to enable consumers who need comprehensive and interoperable preservation description information
(e.g. other archives and consumers who wish to use preserved assets in the production of new ones)
to receive standard preservation description information together with multimedia assets.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
Information technology — Multimedia application format
(MPEG-A) —
Part 15:
Multimedia preservation application format
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 23000 specifies the standard representation of the multimedia description
information (MPDI) generated and used by an organization in the process of preserving a multimedia
asset for the purpose of facilitating the exchange of multimedia content between archives or other
stakeholders (e.g. publishers, broadcasters, service providers and the like), as well as subsequent
preservation and use.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd 1, Audio extensions
ISO/IEC 15938-5, Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 5:
Multimedia description schemes
ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd 5, Quality metadata, multiple text encodings, extended classification metadata
ISO/IEC 21000-2, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 2: Digital Item
Declaration
ISO/IEC 21000-3:2003, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 3: Digital
Item Identification
ISO/IEC 21000-3:2003/Amd 1, Related identifier types
ISO/IEC 21000-3:2003/Amd 2, Digital item semantic relationships
ISO/IEC 21000-5, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 5: Rights
Expression Language
ISO/IEC 21000-20, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 20: Contract
Expression Language
ISO/IEC 21000-21, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 21: Media
Contract Ontology
ISO 15924, Information and documentation — Codes for the representation of names of scripts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain
terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
For the terms used in this document and not defined in this clause, please refer to the normative
references.
3.1 MPEG-21 terminology
MP-AF terminology is consistent with the terminology adopted in MPEG-21. As the reader of the
MP-AF specification may not be familiar with terminology from ISO/IEC 21000-2 MPEG-21 Digital
Item Declaration (DID), the definitions of the following terms needed for the definition of MP-AF are
included in 3.1.
3.1.1
Digital Item Identification
DII
standard (ISO/IEC 21000-3) used by MPEG-21 for identification of Digital Item and their components
3.1.2
Resource
individually identifiable asset such as a video or audio clip, an image, or a textual asset
Note 1 to entry: A resource may also potentially be a physical object (e.g. a video tape).
Note 2 to entry: All resources shall be locatable via an unambiguous address.
Note 3 to entry: The term asset in the definition has a different meaning than the MP-AF term Asset defined in 3.2.3.
3.1.3
Container
structure that allows Items and/or Containers to be grouped
Note 1 to entry: A Container itself is not an Item; containers are groupings of Items and/or Containers. Descriptors
(3.1.6) allow for the ʺlabellingʺ of Containers with information appropriate for the purpose of the grouping.
3.1.4
Item
grouping of sub-items and/or components (3.1.5) that are bound to relevant Descriptors (3.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: These descriptors contain information about the Item. An Item that contains no sub-items can be
considered a whole. An Item that does contain sub-items can be considered a compilation. Items may also contain
annotations to their sub-parts.
Note 2 to entry: The term Item from MPEG-21 DID is used synonymously with Digital Item in this part of
ISO/IEC 23000.
3.1.5
Component
binding of a Resource (3.1.2) to a set of Descriptors (3.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: These descriptors are information concerning all or part of the specific resource instance. A
Component itself is not an Item (3.1.4); Components are building blocks of Items. Components may be conditional
(see MPEG-21 DID for details).
3.1.6
Descriptor
associates information with the enclosing entity
Note 1 to entry: This information may be a component (3.1.5) (such as a thumbnail of an image or a text
component) or a textual statement. Descriptors may be conditional (see MPEG-21 DID for details).
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
3.2 MP-AF Structure terminology
3.2 introduces the terms of the relevant entities in the MP-AF data model. While 3.2 provides definitions
of the terms, the entities of the model are described in 5.2 (including visualization in Figure 1).
3.2.1
Work
creation that retains intellectual or descriptive attributes independently of its manifestations
Note 1 to entry: This concept is also referred to as creation or intellectual entity in other contexts.
3.2.2
Preservation Object
combines information describing the intellectual and artistic attributes of a Work (3.2.1) together with
Digital Items (3.1.4) that encode the Work
Note 1 to entry: It includes technical, descriptive and preservation metadata and any other information needed to
ensure consistent and reliable access to the Digital Item(s) over time. A Preservation Object may contain Digital
Items pertaining to one or more particular Representation(s) (3.2.5) together with information and metadata
specific to that Representation. It may also contain metadata common to all Representations. A Preservation
Object may contain other Preservation Objects.
3.2.3
Asset
special type of Preservation Object (3.2.2) describing a Work (3.2.1) and the associated exploitation
rights belonging to a known owner
Note 1 to entry: The entity holding the rights on the digital copies may be different from the one holding the
rights on the Work itself.
3.2.4
Group
logical aggregation of related Preservation Objects
Note 1 to entry: It may represent a physical or virtual collection, a bunch of Items (3.1.4), a shipment, etc.
Note 2 to entry: The data model supports Preservation Objects to be composed of other Preservation Objects. A
Group is an aggregation of Preservation Objects, but is not a Preservation Object itself.
3.2.5
Representation
specific and complete manifestation of the Work (3.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: Representations may differ in terms of technical or descriptive properties while sharing the
same intellectual and/or descriptive attributes of the Work (e.g. different performances of the same Work, low
vs. high definition representations of a movie).
Note 2 to entry: A Representation aggregates the whole set of Essences (3.2.6) plus any additional metadata
needed for a complete presentation of a Work.
3.2.6
Essence
manifestation of a Work (3.2.1) or part of a Work; refers to the metadata needed for correctly rendering
media content including all associated Components (3.2.7)
3.2.7
Component
entity holding specific technical metadata supporting the handling of the media resource referenced by
a Media Locator (3.2.10)
Note 1 to entry: A Component can be a File or Bitstream (3.2.9). It manages a (virtual/internal) file structure,
multimedia resources and (optionally) referenced metadata (e.g. controlled vocabularies, taxonomies, original
content or metadata files).
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ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016(E)
3.2.8
File
Component (3.2.7) materialized as a unit recognized by a computer system, subsystem, or application
3.2.9
Bitstream
Component (3.2.7) recorded as contiguous or non-contiguous data within a File
Note 1 to entry: If metadata are specific to streams or tracks (e.g. audio and video tracks of a file), Bitstream shall
be used and descriptors shall be added on Bitstream level.
3.2.10
Media Locator
reference or identifier of a storage media volume, Item or part of an Item containing at least one
Component (3.2.7)
3.3 MP-AF Description terminology
3.3.1
Common Core Metadata Set
contains basic technical and descriptive attributes, which can be easily mapped to different metadata
formats in use (also outside the preservation domain)
3.3.2
Core Descriptive Metadata
basic set of editorial properties describing the Digital Item
EXAMPLE Title or subject.
3.3.3
Core Technical metadata
basic set of technical properties of the Digit
...
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2015-06-18 2015-09-18
Information technology — Multimedia application format
(MPEG-A) —
Part 15:
Multimedia preservation application
Technologies de l’information — Format des applications multimedias —
Partie 15: Titre manque
ICS: 35.040
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15:2015(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO/IEC 2015
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
ontents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Terminology . 4
4.1 MPEG-21 Terminology . 4
4.1.1 Digital Item Identification (DII) . 4
4.1.2 Resource . 4
4.1.3 Container . 4
4.1.4 Item . 4
4.1.5 Component . 4
4.1.6 Descriptor . 5
4.2 MP-AF Structure Terminology. 5
4.2.1 Work . 5
4.2.2 Preservation Object . 5
4.2.3 Asset . 5
4.2.4 Group . 5
4.2.5 Representation . 5
4.2.6 Essence . 5
4.2.7 Component . 5
4.2.8 File . 6
4.2.9 Bitstream . 6
4.2.10 Media Locator . 6
4.3 MP-AF Description Terminology . 6
4.3.1 Common Core Metadata Set . 6
4.3.2 Core Descriptive Metadata . 6
4.3.3 Core Technical metadata . 6
4.3.4 Media . 6
4.4 Multimedia Preservation Description Information (MPDI) Terminology . 6
4.4.1 Provenance . 6
4.4.2 Context . 6
4.4.3 Reference . 7
4.4.4 Quality. 7
4.4.5 Fixity . 7
4.4.6 Integrity. 7
4.4.7 Authenticity . 7
4.4.8 Rights . 7
4.5 MP-AF Process Terminology. 7
4.5.1 Activity . 7
4.5.2 Operator. 8
4.5.3 Agent . 8
4.5.4 Tool . 8
5 MP-AF Data Model . 8
5.1 Logical Data Model . 8
5.1.1 MP-AF Digital Item Entities . 9
5.1.2 MP-AF Process Entities . 16
5.1.3 Relation to MPEG-21 DID Entities . 22
5.1.4 Specific subclasses of Activity and Operator . 24
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
5.2 Implementation of the MP-AF data model . 24
5.2.1 Implementation of structure . 24
5.2.2 Top-level elements. 24
5.2.3 Implementation for specific types of preservation metadata . 27
5.2.4 References to controlled vocabularies and other resources . 43
5.2.5 Nesting of descriptors . 43
6 Common Core Metadata Set . 43
6.1 Introduction . 43
6.2 Core descriptive metadata . 43
6.2.1 Content Metadata . 43
6.2.2 Descriptive Metadata for Non-Content Entities . 49
6.3 Core technical metadata . 51
6.4 Generic Annotation. 56
7 Conformance . 57
7.1 Conformance of MP-AF documents. 57
7.2 External schemata . 57
7.3 References . 57
7.3.1 References to other resources . 57
7.3.2 References to controlled vocabularies . 57
7.4 Conformance to MPEG-21 . 57
8 Bibilography . 58
Annex A: XML Schema . 59
Annex B: Mapping MP-AF to other Preservation metadata models . 60
Introduction . 60
MP-AF Mapping of Main Entities . 60
PREMIS . 60
W3C PROV . 61
EBU CCDM . 62
Annex C: Taxonomies . 64
C.1 Types of Activities. 64
C.2 Types of Tools . 64
C.3 Types of Agents . 64
C.4 Roles of Operators . 64
C.5 Identifier types . 64
C.6 Relationship types . 64
C.7 Checksum Types . 65
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 23000-15 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
ISO/IEC 23000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information Technology — Multimedia
application format (MPEG-A):
Part 1: Purpose for multimedia application formats
Part 2: MPEG music player application format
Part 3: MPEG photo player application format
Part 4: Musical slide show application format
Part 5: Media streaming application format
Part 6: Professional archival application format
Part 7: Open access application format
Part 8: Portable video application format
Part 9: Digital Multimedia Broadcasting application format
Part 10: Surveillance application format
Part 11: Stereoscopic video application format
Part 12: Interactive music application format
Part 13: Augmented reality application format
Part 14: VOID
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
Part 15: Multimedia preservation application
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
Introduction
ISO/IEC 23000 (also known as “MPEG-A”) is an MPEG standard that supports a fast track to standardization
by selecting readily tested and verified tools taken from the MPEG body of standards and combining them to
form a MAF (Multimedia Application Format). If a needed piece of technology is not provided within MPEG,
then additional technologies originating from other organizations can be included by reference in order to
facilitate the envisioned MAF.
The application format defined by the Multimedia Preservation Application Format (MP-AF ISO/IEC 23000-15)
is focused on Preservation Description Information (PDI [4]) for multimedia content. It aims to enable users to
plan, execute, and evaluate preservation operations in order to achieve the objectives of digital preservation
by providing all necessary metadata for these operations. Examples of such operations include checking
preserved content integrity, migrating content from one system to another system, replicating subparts or
entire contents, defining the relationship between the source and output of any transformation process.
The standard also provides the industry with a coherent and consistent approach to manage multimedia
preservation metadata supporting a variety of application scenarios, such a digitization, format migration,
content restoration, etc. This includes various applications, hardware/software systems and processing
methods used in different digital media administrative domains, and being independent of technological
changes.
The standard defines a data model for preservation metadata and its related XML serialized format. It thus
serves as a interoperable metadata format at the external interfaces of a digital preservation system. The
most widely known and adopted reference model for digital preservation is the Open Archival Information
System OAIS [4], a framework for understanding and applying concepts necessary for long-term preservation
of digital information. In the following the OAIS terminology is adopted for describing the several preservation
notions addressed by MP-AF.
OAIS defines information packages (IP) at the ingest (Submission-SIP) and delivery (Dissemination-DIP) side
of a preservation system. These packages enfold the target of digital preservation that is made up of the
content (one or more) and associated resources and metadata. Different packaging formats can serve as an
implementation for the IP and basically the same wrapper can be suitable for submission, dissemination as
well as internal IPs. According to the OAIS guidelines, within MPEG technologies the packaging formats
fulfilling the needs is the Professional Archival Application Format (PA-AF), which has been designed to
provide a standardized packaging format for digital files.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
Information Technology — Multimedia application format
(MPEG-A) — Part 15: Multimedia Preservation Application
1 Scope
The basic objective of digital preservation is to enable the seamless communication of information over time,
and free from loss or corruption. Traditionally, this has been achieved by the conservation of physical media
on which the information is inscribed and materially associated. If the physical object persists without
alteration, the information remains unchanged and is being communicated to any person or system capable of
receiving it.
Even if some physical change occurs, the essential characteristics of the information it carries may remain
intact. For example, the ink in a textual document may have faded, but the text can remain fully readable.
However, the persistence of digital information is complicated by several factors, mainly technological change.
Obsolescence may make digital storage media unreadable and digital encodings indecipherable. Progress
may make it desirable to use new software to process old data, but entails the risk that the output is not
faithful to the source. For multimedia, the complexity is increased by the variety of formats used and the
complexity introduced by the use of compression, codecs and wrappers. For any uses over time where the
integrity of the data or fidelity to original properties are important, controls that are independent of the
technologies used to store and process the data must be imposed. The foundation for such controls is
Preservation Description Information (PDI [4]). PDI is metadata and contextual information that identifies what
is being preserved, defines its essential properties, describes requirements for processing it, and identifies
processes which generated, used or modified Digital Items as well as their results.
Many organizations collecting multimedia content, such as archives, libraries, museums, etc. already have
digital preservation systems in place. These organizations have sometimes the need to exchange multimedia
assets and related metadata, for example:
• to exchange assets between preservation systems/repositories within the organization or with related
organizations,
• to change/upgrade their preservation systems,
• to exchange content with service providers, or to
• provide preservation services for other organizations.
When they exchange multimedia assets, they need to include PDI that enables the receiving organization both
to assess the integrity and fidelity of the assets it receives and to establish a baseline for its own curation and
use of the assets. In addition to the metadata described above, the receiving organization also needs
information about any preservation processes the assets have undergone, including descriptions of the
outcome of such preservation processes. The description may include metadata about content, structure and
quality, as well as technical, historical and editorial information, and information about property and use rights
and conditions. A standard is needed that defines the content and format of multimedia preservation
description information (MPDI), in order to facilitate interoperability between preservation systems, ensure
accurate understanding of the resources exchanges, and reduce the risks of corruption both in the exchange
and thereafter.
ISO/IEC 23000-15, also known as “Multimedia Preservation Application Format (MP-AF),” specifies the
standard representation of the MPDI generated and used by an organization in the process of preserving a
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
multimedia asset for the purpose of facilitating the exchange of multimedia content between archives or other
stakeholders (e.g. publishers, broadcasters, service providers and the like) and also subsequent preservation
and use. The purpose of the MP-AF is to:
• Enable the exchange of multimedia assets (multimedia resources plus associated metadata) between
different repositories by providing interoperable preservation description information.
• Enable archive management to react to specific events and determine when preservation actions,
such as migration, are needed to maintain the accessibility of preserved multimedia content.
• Enable automatic assessment of preservation strategies and their execution.
• Enable archive management to avoid corruption or loss of multimedia assets when changes are made
in the hardware, software or storage media used by the archive by providing standardized descriptors
to characterize multimedia assets and to describe preservation actions and outcomes for long term
preservation.
• Enable producers (originators of assets to be preserved) to provide the archive with sufficient
descriptive information to assess, plan for, and carry out preservation processes that maintain the
integrity and fidelity of the content.
• Enable consumers who need comprehensive and interoperable preservation description information
(e.g., other archives and consumers who wish to use preserved assets in the production of new ones)
to receive standard preservation description information together with multimedia assets.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10646:2012, Information technology – Universal coded character set (UCS)
ISO/IEC 15938-2:2002, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface (MPEG-7) – Part 2:
Description definition language
ISO/IEC 15938-4:2002/Amd 2:2006, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface
(MPEG-7) – High-level descriptors
ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface (MPEG-7) – Part 5:
Multimedia description schemes
ISO/IEC 15938-5:2003/Amd 5:2015, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface
(MPEG-7) – Quality metadata, multiple text encodings, extended classification metadata
ISO/IEC 15938-9:2005/Amd 1:2012, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface
(MPEG-7) – Part 9: Profiles and levels, AMENDMENT 1: Extensions to profiles and levels (Audio visual
description profile (AVDP)
ISO/IEC TR 15938-10:2004, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface (MPEG-7) –
Part 10: Schema definition
ISO/IEC TR 15938-11:2005/Amd 1:2012, Information technology – Multimedia content description interface
(MPEG-7) – Audiovisual description profile (AVDP) schema
ISO/IEC 21000-2:2005, Information technology – Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) – Part 2: Digital Item
Declaration
ISO/IEC 21000-3:2003, Information technology – Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) – Part 3: Digital Item
Identification
2 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC DIS 23000-15
ISO/IEC 21000-3:2003/Amd 1:2007, Information technology – Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) – Related
identifier types
ISO/IEC 21000-3:2003/Amd 2:2013, Information technology – Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) – Digital item
semantic relationships
ISO/IEC 21000-5:2004, Information technology – Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) – Part 5: Rights
expression language
ISO/IEC 21000-19:2010, Information technology -- Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) -- Part 19: Media Value
Chain Ontology
ISO/IEC 21000-20:2013, Information technology – Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) – Part 20: Contract
expression language
ISO/IEC 21000-21:2013, Information technology – Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) – Part 21: Media
contract ontology
ISO/IEC 23000-6:2012, Information technology – Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) – Part 6:
Professional archival application format
ISO 14721:2012, Space data and information transfer systems -- Open archival information system (OAIS) --
Reference model
ISO 15836:2009, Information and documentation – The Dublin Core metadata element set
ISO 15924:2004, Information and documentation – Codes for the representation of names of scripts
EBU Tech 3293, EBU Core Metadata Set v.1.5, 2014
DCMI Metadata Terms, http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/
Open Annotation Data Model, W3C Community Draft, http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/
RDF 1.1 XML Syntax, W3C Recommendation, 2014, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language XML Serialization (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 2012,
http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-xml-serialization/
3 Abbreviated terms
List of abbreviated terms.
AVDP MPEG-7, Audiovisual Description Profile (ISO/IEC 15938-9:2005/Amd 1:2012)
CCDM EBU, Conceptual Class Description Model
DID ISO/IEC 21000-2 MPEG-21, Digital Item Declaration
DIDL I
...
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