ISO/FDIS 13909-1
(Main)Coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 1: General introduction
Coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 1: General introduction
ISO 13909-1:2016 defines the basic terms used in the sampling of solid mineral fuels, describes the general principles of sampling and details the information to be provided in the documentation and the sampling report. It also lists the other parts and gives guidance on the selection of the appropriate part. It does not include sampling of brown coals and lignites, or sampling from coal seams, for which guidance is given in ISO 14180. Manual sampling of coal and coke is covered in ISO 18283.
Charbon et coke — Échantillonnage mécanique — Partie 1: Introduction générale
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FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 27/SC 4
Coal and coke — Mechanical
Secretariat: SABS
sampling —
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
General introduction
Voting terminates on:
Charbon et coke — Échantillonnage mécanique —
Partie 1: Introduction générale
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
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© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
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TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Structure . 5
5 General principles of sampling . 5
6 Choice of sampling procedure . 6
7 Integrated sampling systems . 6
8 Packing and marking of samples . 7
9 Sampling report . 7
Bibliography . 8
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Coal and coke, Subcommittee SC 4, Sampling.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13909-1:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the title has been changed to coal and coke and aligned with the rest of the ISO 13909 series;
— the scope has been modified to specifically include sampling of brown coals and lignites
A list of all parts in the ISO 13909 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 13909-1:2025(en)
Coal and coke — Mechanical sampling —
Part 1:
General introduction
1 Scope
This document defines the basic terms used in the sampling of coal and coke, describes the general principles
of sampling and details the information to be provided in the documentation and the sampling report. It also
lists the other parts of the ISO 13909 series and gives guidance on the selection of the appropriate part.
The ISO 13909 series also includes sampling of brown coals and lignites.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
air-drying
process of bringing the moisture content of the sample (3.31) near to equilibrium with the atmosphere in the
area in which further reduction and division of the sample are to take place
Note 1 to entry: Air-drying to equilibrium with the atmosphere applies to coal. Drying of coke is generally to facilitate
sample preparation (3.34).
3.2
bias
systematic error (3.10) which leads to the average value of a series of results being persistently higher or
persistently lower than those which are obtained using a reference sampling method
3.3
coefficient of variation
standard deviation (3.37) expressed as a percentage of the absolute value of the arithmetic mean
3.4
common sample
sample (3.31) collected for more than one intended use
3.5
continuous sampling
taking of a sample (3.31) from each consecutive sub-lot (3.39) so that increments are taken at uniform
intervals whenever the fuel is handled at the point of sampling
3.6
cut
increment (3.15) taken by a primary sampler or sample divider
3.7
cutter
mechanical sampling device which extracts increment(s) (3.15)
3.8
divided increment
part obtained from the division of the increment (3.15) in order to decrease its mass
Note 1 to entry: Such division may be done with or without prior size reduction.
3.9
duplicate sampling
particular case of replicate sampling (3.30) with only two replicate samples (3.31)
3.10
error
difference between the observation and the accepted reference value as defined in ISO 5725-1:2023 3.2
Note 1 to entry: This can be designated as systematic error [bias (3.2)] or random error (3.29).
3.11
fixed mass division
method of sample division (3.33) in which the mass retained is predetermined and independent of the mass
of the feed
3.12
fixed ratio division
method of sample division (3.33) in which the division ratio is predetermined
Note 1 to entry: In fixed ratio division, the mass of sample (3.31) retained is a fixed proportion of the mass of the feed.
3.13
fuel
coal or coke
3.14
test sample for general analysis
sample (3.31), prepared to pass a sieve of nominal size of openings 212 µm conforming with ISO 3310-1, used
for the determination of most chemical and some physical characteristics
3.15
increment
portion of fuel (3.13) extracted in a single operation of the sampling device
3.16
lot
defined quantity of fuel (3.13) for which the quality is to be determined
Note 1 to entry: A lot may be divided into sub-lots (3.39).
3.17
manual sampling
collection of increments (3.15) by human effort
3.18
mass-basis sampling
taking of increments (3.15) whereby the position of each increment to be collected from the stream of fuel
(3.13) is measured by a mass interval of stream flow and the increment mass is fixed
3.19
mechanical sampling
collection of increments (3.15) by mechanical means
3.20
mechanical sampling system
combination of sampling and sample preparation (3.34) performed mechanically
3.21
moisture sample
sample (3.31) taken specifically for the purpose of determining total moisture
Note 1 to entry: For coke, this sample may also be used for general analysis.
3.22
nominal top size
aperture size of the smallest sieve in the range included in the R 20 Series (as defined in ISO 565, square
hole) on which not more than 5 % of the sample (3.31) is retained
3.23
off-line sample preparation
sample preparation (3.34) performed manually or mechanically on the samples (3.31) produced by the
mechanical sampling system (3.20), using equipment not integral to the mechanical sampling system itself
3.24
on-line processing
processing of the primary sample (3.31) material using equipment integral with the sampling system
3.25
outlier
result which meets statistical criteria identifying an outlier, especially exceeding Cochran’s maximum
variance test, and for which there is direct physical evidence of causation by gross deviation from the
prescribed experimental procedure
3.26
physical sample
sample (3.31) taken specifically for the determination of physical characteristics, such as physical strength
indices or size distribution
3.27
precision
closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions
Note 1 to entry: This is often defined using an index of precision, such as two standard deviations (3.37).
3.28
primary increment
increment (3.15) taken at the first stage of sampling, prior to any sample division (3.33) or sample reduction
(3.35), or both
3.29
random error
error (3.10) that is statistically independent of previous errors
Note 1 to entry: This implies that any two errors in a series of random errors are uncorrelated and that individual errors
are unpredictable. In consequence of the partitioning of error into systematic [bias (3.2)] and random components, the
theoretical mean of the random errors is zero. Whereas individual errors are unpredictable, the mean of the random
errors in a series of observations tends towards zero as the number of observations increases.
3.30
replicate sampling
taking at intervals of increments (3.15) which are combined in rotation into different containers to give two
or more samples (3.31) of approximately equal mass
3.31
sample
quantity of fuel (3.13), representative of a larger mass for which the quality is to be determined
3.32
sampler
device physically collecting a sample increment (3.15)
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with personnel physically collecting an increment or operating a sampling system.
3.33
sample division
process in sample (3.31) preparation whereby the sample is divided into representative, separate portions
3.34
sample preparation
process of bringing samples (3.31) to the cond
...
ISO TC 27/SC 4
Date: 2024-04-11
ISO/DIS/FDIS 13909-1:2024(en)
ISO/TC 27/SC 4/WG 10
Secretariat: SABS
Date: 2025-03-17
Coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — —
Part 1:
General introduction
HouilleCharbon et coke — Échantillonnage mécanique —
Partie 1: Introduction générale
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Structure . 5
5 General principles of sampling . 6
6 Choice of sampling procedure . 6
7 Integrated sampling systems . 7
8 Packing and marking of samples . 7
9 Sampling report . 8
Bibliography . 9
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Field Code Changed
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Coal and coke, Subcommittee SC 4, Sampling.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13909--1:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — the title has been changed to coal and coke and aligned with the rest of the ISO 13909 series;
— — the scope has been modified to specifically include sampling of brown coals and lignites
A list of all parts in the ISO 13909 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
iv
Coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — —
Part 1:
General introduction
1 Scope
This document defines the basic terms used in the sampling of coal and coke, describes the general principles
of sampling and details the information to be provided in the documentation and the sampling report. It also
lists the other parts of the ISO 13909 series and gives guidance on the selection of the appropriate part.
The ISO 13909 series also includes sampling of brown coals and lignites.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
air-drying
process of bringing the moisture content of the sample (3.31(3.31)) near to equilibrium with the atmosphere
in the area in which further reduction and division of the sample are to take place
Note 1 to entry: Air-drying to equilibrium with the atmosphere applies to coal. Drying of coke is generally to facilitate
sample preparation (3.34(3.34).).
3.2 3.2
bias
systematic error (3.10(3.10)) which leads to the average value of a series of results being persistently higher
or persistently lower than those which are obtained using a reference sampling method
3.3 3.3
coefficient of variation
standard deviation (3.37(3.37)) expressed as a percentage of the absolute value of the arithmetic mean
3.4 3.4
common sample
sample (3.31(3.31)) collected for more than one intended use
3.5 3.5
continuous sampling
taking of a sample (3.31(3.31)) from each consecutive sub-lot (3.39(3.39)) so that increments are taken at
uniform intervals whenever the fuel is handled at the point of sampling
3.6 3.6
cut
see increment (3.15(3.15)) taken by a primary sampler or sample divider
3.7 3.7
cutter
mechanical sampling device which extracts increment(s) (3.15)
3.8 3.8
divided increment
part obtained from the division of the increment (3.15) in order to decrease its mass
Note 1 to entry: Such division may be done with or without prior size reduction.
3.9 3.9
duplicate sampling
particular case of replicate sampling (3.30(3.30)) with only two replicate samples (3.31(3.31))
3.10 3.10
error
difference between the observation and the accepted reference value as defined in ISO 5725--1:2023 3.2
Note 1 to entry: This can be designated as systematic error [bias (3.2(3.2)])] or random error (3.29(3.29).).
3.11 3.11
fixed mass division
method of sample division (3.33(3.33)) in which the mass retained is predetermined and independent of the
mass of the feed
3.12 3.12
fixed ratio division
method of sample division (3.33(3.33)) in which the division ratio is predetermined
Note 1 to entry: In fixed ratio division, the mass of sample (3.31(3.31)) retained is a fixed proportion of the mass of the
feed.
3.13 3.13
fuel
coal or coke
3.14 3.14
test sample for general analysis
sample (3.31(3.31),), prepared to pass a sieve of nominal size of openings 212 µm complyingconforming with
ISO 3310--1, used for the determination of most chemical and some physical characteristics
3.15 3.15
increment
portion of fuel (3.13(3.13)) extracted in a single operation of the sampling device
3.16 3.16
lot
defined quantity of fuel (3.13(3.13)) for which the quality is to be determined
Note 1 to entry: A lot may be divided into sub-lots (3.39(3.39).).
3.17 3.17
manual sampling
collection of increments (3.15(3.15)) by human effort
3.18 3.18
mass-basis sampling
taking of increments (3.15(3.15)) whereby the position of each increment to be collected from the stream of
fuel (3.13(3.13)) is measured by a mass interval of stream flow and the increment mass is fixed
3.19 3.19
mechanical sampling
collection of increments (3.15(3.15)) by mechanical means
3.20 3.20
mechanical sampling system
combination of sampling and sample preparation (3.34(3.34)) performed mechanically
3.21 3.21
moisture sample
sample (3.31(3.31)) taken specifically for the purpose of determining total moisture
Note 1 to entry: For coke, this sample may also be used for general analysis.
3.22 3.22
nominal top size
aperture size of the smallest sieve in the range included in the R 20 Series (as defined in ISO 565, square hole)
on which not more than 5 % of the sample (3.31(3.31)) is retained
3.23 3.23
off-line sample preparation
sample preparation (3.34(3.34)) performed manually or mechanically on the samples (3.31(3.31)) produced
by the mechanical sampling system (3.20(3.20),), using equipment not integral to the mechanical sampling
system itself
3.24 3.24
on-line processing
processing of the primary sample (3.31(3.31)) material using equipment integral with the sampling system
3.25 3.25
outlier
result which meets statistical criteria identifying an outlier, esp.especially exceeding Cochran’s maximum
variance test, and for which there is direct physical evidence of causation by gross deviation from the
prescribed experimental procedure
3.26 3.26
physical sample
sample (3.31(3.31)) taken specifically for the determination of physical characteristics, such as physical
strength indices or size distribution
3.27 3.27
precision
closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions
Note 1 to entry: This is often defined using an index of precision, such as two standard deviations (3.37(3.37).).
3.28 3.28
primary increment
increment (3.15(3.15)) taken at the first stage of sampling, prior to any sample division (3.33(3.33) and/) or
sample reduction (3.35(3.35)), or both
3.29 3.29
random error
error (3.10(3.10)) that is statistically independent of previous errors
Note 1 to entry: This implies that any two errors in a series of random errors are uncorrelated and that individual errors
are unpredictable. In consequence of the partitioning of error into systematic [bias (3.2(3.2)])] and random components,
the theoretical mean of the random errors is zero. Whereas individual errors are unpredictable, the mean of the random
errors in a series of observations tends towards zero as the number of observations increases.
3.30 3.30
replicate sampling
taking at intervals of increments (3.15(3.15)) which are combined in rotation into different containers to give
two or more samples (3.31(3.31)) of approximately equal mass
3.31 3.31
sample
quantity of fuel (3.13(3.13),), representative of a larger mass for which the quality is to be determined
3.32 3.32
sampler
device physically collecting a sample increment (3.15(3.15))
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with personnel physically collecting an increment or operating a sampling system.
3.33 3.33
sample division
process in sample (3.31(3.31)) preparation whereby the sample is divided into representative, separate
portions
3.34 3.34
sample preparation
process of bringing samples (3.31(3.31)) to the condition required for analysis or testing
Note 1 to entry: Sample preparation covers mixing, particle size reduction, sample division (3.33(3.33)) and sometimes
air-drying (3.1(3.1)) of the sample and may be performed in several stages.
3.35 3.35
sample reduction
process in sample preparation (3.34(3.34)) whereby the particle size of the sample (3.31(3.31)) is reduced by
crushing or grinding
3.36 3.36
size analysis sample
sample (3.31(3.31)) taken specifically for particle size analysis
3.37 3.37
standard deviation
square root of the variance (3.43(3.43))
3.38 3.38
stratified random sampling
taking of an increment (3.15(3.15)) at random within the mass interval or time interval determined for mass-
basis sampling (3.18(3.18)) or time-basis sampling (3.42(3.42),), respectively
3.39 3.39
sub-lot
part of a lot (3.16(3.16)) for which a test result is required
3.40 3.40
systematic sampling
taking of increments (3.15(3.15)) at uniform mass or time intervals according to a predetermined plan
3.41 3.41
test sample
sample (3.31(3.31)) which is prepared to meet the requirements of a specific test
3.42 3.42
time-basis sampling
taking of increments (3.15(3.15)) whereby the position of each increment to be collected from the stream of
fuel (3.13(3.13)) is measured by a time interval and the increment mass is proportiona
...
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