ISO/TS 8103-6:2017

Escalators and moving walks - Part 6: Safety parameters meeting the GESRs

ISO/TS 8103-6:2017: a) specifies global safety parameters (GSPs) for escalators and moving walks, their components and their functions; b) complements the system and methods specified in ISO/TS 25740‑1 for mitigating safety risks that can arise in the course of, the operation and use of, or work on, escalators and moving walks. ISO/TS 8103-6:2017 is applicable to escalators and moving walks that can: a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure within or attached to a building; b) have any rated load, size of load carrying unit and speed, and travel height; c) be affected by fire and weather; d) be foreseeably misused, but not vandalized. ISO/TS 8103-6:2017 does not specifically cover - needs of users with disabilities, and - risks arising from work on escalators and moving walks under construction or during alterations and dismantling; vandalism, and fire in the environment of the escalator or moving walk.

Escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants — Partie 6: Paramètres de sécurité correspondant aux exigences essentielles de sécurité globale

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Oct-2017
• ICS: 91.140.90 - Lifts. Escalators
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 178 - Lifts, escalators and moving walks
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 178/WG 5 - Escalators and moving walks
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 26-Feb-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO/TS 8103-6:2017 - "Escalators and moving walks - Part 6: Safety parameters meeting the GESRs" defines global safety parameters (GSPs) to support the Global Essential Safety Requirements (GESRs) for escalators and moving walks. It complements ISO/TS 25740‑1 by providing guidance and criteria for mitigating hazards encountered during operation, use and work on these installations. The technical specification is focused on installations in permanent, fixed structures and covers a wide range of sizes, speeds, travel heights and environmental exposures (fire, weather). GSPs are advisory (not mandatory) and intended to facilitate a common international safety baseline while enabling innovation and trade.

Key topics

• Global safety parameters (GSPs): Guidance and quantitative parameters to achieve the safety objectives set out in the GESRs.
• Relationship to GESRs: Use of GSPs to demonstrate conformance with ISO/TS 25740‑1 global essential safety requirements.
• Risk assessment & reduction: Alignment with ISO 14798 methodology for hazard identification, risk analysis and corrective actions.
• Definitions & terminology: Clear terms for escalator/moving walk components, LCU (load carrying unit), hazardous situations, authorized/competent persons, etc.
• Implementation process: Guidance on how to apply GSPs in design, installation, operation and maintenance phases.
• Protective measures & safety objectives: Inherently safe design, protective devices, controls and maintenance practices to mitigate risks.
• Support material: Annex A (anthropometric and design data summary) and Annex B (figures) provide practical reference data and illustrations.
• Scope limits: Explicit exclusions (needs of users with disabilities, vandalism, construction/alteration/dismantling risks, and environmental fire risks).

Applications

ISO/TS 8103-6:2017 is practical for:

• Manufacturers and designers developing escalators and moving walks to meet global safety expectations.
• Safety and compliance engineers demonstrating conformance with GESRs and documenting risk mitigation.
• Building owners, facility managers and operators who need to understand recommended safety parameters for installation, operation and maintenance.
• Inspectors and regulators using GSPs as a benchmark for review and harmonization across jurisdictions.
• Consultants and architects integrating escalator/moving walk safety into building designs and lifecycle planning.

Related standards

• ISO/TS 25740‑1:2011 - Safety requirements for escalators and moving walks (GESRs)
• ISO 14798:2009 - Risk assessment and reduction methodology for lifts, escalators and moving walks
• ISO/IEC Guide 51 - Framework for product safety (used as an underpinning for this specification)

Keywords: ISO/TS 8103-6:2017, escalator safety, moving walk safety, global safety parameters, GSPs, GESRs, risk assessment, escalator standards, safety parameters.

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 8103-6
First edition
2017-09
Escalators and moving walks —
Part 6:
Safety parameters meeting the GESRs
Escaliers mécaniques et trottoirs roulants —
Partie 6: Titre manque
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Development of global safety parameters (GSPs) . 7
4.1 Purpose of GSPs. 7
4.2 Approach . 7
5 Understanding and implementing GSPs . 7
5.1 Overall objective . 7
5.2 Properties and use of GSPs . 8
5.2.1 GSPs . 8
5.2.2 Process of implementing GSPs]. 8
5.2.3 Ways of using GESRs and GSPs . 9
5.2.4 Applicability of GESRs and GSPs . 9
5.2.5 Safety objectives of GSPs .10
5.3 Use of ISO/TS 25740-1 and this document .15
6 Global safety parameters .15
Annex A (informative) Anthropometric and design data summary .34
Annex B (normative) Figures .36
Bibliography .40
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators and moving walks.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8103 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document was prepared under the old numbering of the ISO 25740 series. With the resolution of
the plenary Meeting in Sydney 09/2016, the new number of this document will be ISO/TS 8103-6. When
the renumbering of the standards to 810x-family is finished, this document is revised.
This document was prepared in response to the need to set global safety parameters for escalators and
moving walks.
The objective of ISO/TS 25740-1 and this document is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people using, or associated with escalators and
moving walks;
b) facilitate innovation of escalators and moving walks not designed according to existing local,
national or regional safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of safety. If such
innovations become state of the art, they can then be integrated into the detailed local safety
standard, at a later date; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
ISO/TS 25740-1 establishes global essential safety requirements (GESRs) for escalators and moving
walks by addressing hazards and risks that can be encountered on escalators and moving walks. The
GESRs however, state only safety objectives of escalators and moving walks.
This document provides guidance and criteria for achieving conformance with safety requirements
of GESRs by specifying global safety parameters (GSPs) for use and implementation, where applicable,
in an escalator or moving walk to eliminate hazards or mitigate safety risks addressed in the GESRs.
However, GSPs are not mandatory.
Clause 4 describes the approach and methodology used in the development of this document. Clause 5
gives instructions for the use and implementation of GSPs. The GSPs are presented in Clause 6 in the
sequence of GESRs in ISO/TS 25740-1.
This document is a product safety standard in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 51.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 8103-6:2017(E)
Escalators and moving walks —
Part 6:
Safety parameters meeting the GESRs
1 Scope
This document:
a) specifies global safety parameters (GSPs) for escalators and moving walks, their components and
their functions;
b) complements the system and methods specified in ISO/TS 25740-1 for mitigating safety risks that
can arise in the course of, the operation and use of, or work on, escalators and moving walks.
This document is applicable to escalators and moving walks that can:
a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure within or attached to a building;
b) have any
1) rated load, size of load carrying unit and speed, and
2) travel height;
c) be affected by fire and weather;
d) be foreseeably misused, but not vandalized.
This document does not specifically cover
— needs of users with disabilities, and
— risks arising from
— work on escalators and moving walks under construction or during alterations and dismantling;
— vandalism, and
— fire in the environment of the escalator or moving walk.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14798:2009, Lifts (elevators), escalators and moving walks — Risk assessment and reduction
methodology
ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, Safety requirements for escalators and moving walks — Part 1: Global essential
safety requirements (GESR)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
authorized person
person suitably trained with authorization to access restricted areas of escalators (3.9) and moving
walks (3.25) (e.g. machinery spaces, separate machine rooms) and to work there, for the purpose of
inspecting, testing and maintaining
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.1]
3.2
cause
circumstance, condition, event or action that in a hazardous situation (3.16) contributes to the
production of an effect (3.6)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.1]
3.3
competent person
person in possession of the necessary technical knowledge, skills, qualification and experience to
perform a work or task
3.4
control
system that governs the starting, acceleration, speed, deceleration and/or stopping of the LCU (3.20)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.3]
3.5
corrective action
action taken to reduce risk (3.30)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.4]
3.6
effect
result of a cause (3.2) in the presence of a hazardous situation (3.16)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.2]
3.7
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
degree of immunity to incident electromagnetic radiation and level of emitted electromagnetic
radiation of electrical apparatus
3.8
enclosure of the travel path
structural elements which isolate the travel path from all other areas or space
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.12]
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

3.9
escalator
power-driven, inclined, continuous moving stairway, including guards adjacent to the travel path,
used for raising or lowering persons in which the user carrying surface of the LCU (e.g. steps) remains
horizontal
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.15]
3.10
essential safety requirement
ESR
requirement intended to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate the risk (3.30) of harm (3.13) to users (3.41),
non-users (3.26), and authorized persons (3.1) using or associated with escalators (3.9) and moving
walks (3.25)
3.11
global essential safety requirement
GESR
globally agreed upon essential safety requirement
Note 1 to entry: See 3.10.
3.12
global safety parameter
GSP
globally agreed upon safety parameter (3.34)
Note 1 to entry: See 3.34.
3.13
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.3]
3.14
harmful event
occurrence in which a hazardous situation (3.16) results in harm (3.13)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.4]
3.15
hazard
potential source of harm (3.13)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.5]
3.16
hazardous situation
circumstance in which people, property or the environment are exposed to one or more hazards (3.15)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.6]
3.17
incident
effect
event or occurrence, which can, but does not necessarily create a risk (3.30) of harm (3.13), including
risks possible due to, shearing, crushing, falling, impact, trapping, fire, electric shock, exposure to
weather, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.13]
3.18
landing
floor, balcony or platform used to receive and discharge persons from the LCU (3.20)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.14]
3.19
life cycle
period of usage of a component or the machinery
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.7]
3.20
load carrying unit
LCU
step/pallet/belt designed to carry persons for the purpose of transportation
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.17]
3.21
LCU system
continuous connection of multiple LCUs (3.20) designed to carry persons for the purpose of
transportation forming a transportation path
3.22
machinery
escalator (3.9) or moving walks (3.25) machine(s) mechanisms and associated equipment
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.18]
3.23
machinery space
space(s) inside or outside of the supporting structure where the machinery as a whole or in parts is placed
3.24
maintenance
process of examination, lubrication, cleaning, adjustments, repair and replacement of parts of escalators
(3.9) and moving walks (3.25) to ensure the safe and intended functioning of escalators and moving
walks and its components after the completion of the installation and throughout its life cycle (3.19)
3.25
moving walk
power-driven installation for the conveyance of persons, including guards adjacent to the travel path,
in which the user carrying surface of the LCU (3.20) remains parallel to its direction of motion and is
uninterrupted (e.g. pallets, belt)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.16]
3.26
non-user
person in the vicinity of an escalators (3.9) or moving walks (3.25) but not intending to access or use it
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.20]
3.27
protective measures
means used to reduce risk (3.30)
Note 1 to entry: Protective measures include risk reduction by inherently safe design, protective devices,
personal protective equipment, information for use and installation, and training.
Note 2 to entry: See also definition for “corrective actions” in 3.5.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.8]
3.28
rated load
load that the escalator (3.9) or moving walks (3.25) is designed to move
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.22]
3.29
relative movement
situation where a component of an escalator (3.9) or moving walks (3.25) moves in the vicinity of other
components of escalators or moving walks that is stationary, or that moves at a different speed or in
a different direction; also a situation where a component of an escalator or moving walk moves in the
vicinity of a structure where persons may be present
EXAMPLE Building floor surrounding the escalator or moving walk.
3.30
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm (3.13) and the severity (3.36) of that harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.10]
3.31
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to identify hazards (3.15) and to estimate the risk (3.30)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.11]
Note 1 to entry: This method aims at systematically identifying and assessing hazards, evaluating risks and
recommending risk reduction measures.
3.32
risk assessment
overall process comprising a risk analysis (3.31) and a risk evaluation (3.33)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.12]
3.33
risk evaluation
consideration of the risk analysis (3.31) results to determine if the risk reduction is required
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.13]
3.34
safety parameter
SP
quantitative unit, the value of which, in the form of numerical values or references to ISO, IEC or other
standards, provides a level of safety consistent with that provided by relevant standards in current use
in the escalator (3.9) or moving walks (3.25) industry and sound engineering practices
3.35
scenario
sequence of a hazardous situation (3.16), cause (3.2) and effect (3.6)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.14]
3.36
severity
qualitative measure of the worst possible incident/effect (3.17) that could be caused by a specific
hazard (3.15)
[SOURCE: ISO 14798:2009, 2.15]
3.37
sound engineering practice
use of engineering or technical methods to design or evaluate a design or system by taking into account
relevant factors that can influence its efficacy and operation
Note 1 to entry: This practice also involves the use of applicable standards, specifications, codes, regulatory and
industrial guidelines, as well as accepted engineering and design methods and installation and maintenance
practices.
3.38
transportation
process whereby persons step onto a moving LCU (3.20), which then travels from one landing (3.18) to
another landing, where the person exits the LCU
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.29]
3.39
travel path
path and related space within which LCU (3.20) travels between the landing (3.18)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.33]
3.40
uncontrolled movement
situation where
— LCU (3.20) moves when the escalator (3.9) or moving walks (3.25) was to remain stationary, or
— LCU travels at a speed that is out of control of the means designed and intended to control the LCU
speed during operation.
EXAMPLE 1 LCU starts to move, due to failure of, or breakdown in, escalator or moving walk components,
such as speed control, drive or brake system.
EXAMPLE 2 The LCU speed exceeds its designed speed or does not decelerate or stop as intended, due to failure
of, or breakdown in, components of an escalator or moving walk, such as speed control, drive or brake system.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.31]
3.41
user
person using the escalator (3.9) or moving walk (3.25) for the purpose of transportation
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.32]
3.42
vandalism
deliberate destruction of or damage to property for no obvious gain or reason
3.43
working area or space
area or space defined for use by authorized persons (3.1) to perform maintenance, inspection or testing
of an escalator (3.9) or moving walks (3.25)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 3.33]
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4 Development of global safety parameters (GSPs)
4.1 Purpose of GSPs
4.1.1 To enable verification that the escalator, or moving walk, and its selected components and
functions have achieved safety objectives of applicable GESRs, global safety parameters (GSPs), such as
strength, clearances, acceleration or deceleration values, are provided in this document in the form of
numerical values or references to International Standards or other standards.
4.1.2 According to ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 5.1.5, a GESR states only the safety objective, or "what"
shall be done or accomplished but not "how" to accomplish the objective. Therefore, in order to achieve
the safety objective of a GESR, appropriate designs of escalators and moving walks components and
functions shall be selected and their compliance with the GESR shall be verified. ISO 14798 describes
a risk assessment process that can help to establish that the GESRs have been fulfilled with a specific
design. In order to mitigate specific risks identified in the risk assessment process, specific components,
functions or GSPs may be used.
4.1.3 ISO/TS 25740-1 and this document do not mandate the use of specific designs of components
and functions (such as, specific designs of "steps", "machines", or "supporting elements") as they are
commonly specified and required in prescriptive standards for escalators and moving walks. Mandating
such components and functions in this document would inhibit design innovations.
4.1.4 All applicable GESRs shall be fulfilled in accordance with ISO/TS 25740-1, irrespective of whether
or not there is a GSP specified in this document.
4.2 Approach
4.2.1 As was the case with development of ISO/TS 25740-1, the development of this document also
involved experts from various parts of the world.
4.2.2 Individual experts derived safety parameters from independent research of existing standards,
anthropometric data, clearances, forces, etc., and a comparison of major codes. GSPs which were
determined to provide sufficient mitigation of risks related to relevant GESRs have been included in this
document (see Annex A).
5 Understanding and implementing GSPs
5.1 Overall objective
5.1.1 Consistent with the purpose described in 4.1, global safety parameters in relation to individual
GESRs are specified in Clause 6.
5.1.2 The objective of the global safety parameters in Clause 6 is to
a) introduce parameters that provide universal means to demonstrate compliance with GESRs, and
b) stimulate the harmonization of safety parameters in existing national and regional standards.
5.1.3 To accomplish the safety objective of a GESR, a GSP, although not mandatory, can be an adequate
means of achieving compliance. The list of GSPs in Table 2 is not exhaustive.
Table 2 specifies fixed minimum or maximum values. Where the GSP gives a possible range of values in
the referenced International Standards, dependent on the circumstance in which it is used, justification
that the correct value has been chosen can be required to suit the particular hazardous situation(s).
5.1.4 Listed GSPs should not be interpreted as the only measure of conformity with a GESR.
Conformance with a GESR may be achieved by deviating from the listed GSPs, provided that the risk
is mitigated using other equally effective protective measures. Parameters consistent with sound
engineering practices or selected from applicable codes or standards may be used. In such cases, it is
necessary to demonstrate that the type of parameters chosen:
a) sufficiently mitigate the risk addressed in the GESR, and
b) ensure that any new risks created by implementation of the parameter(s) are sufficiently mitigated.
NOTE See also ISO 14798.
5.2 Properties and use of GSPs
5.2.1 GSPs
5.2.1.1 The GSPs are listed in Table 2.
NOTE 1 International Standards and other standards have been used wherever applicable for developing GSPs
as they represent long-standing history in escalator and moving walk safety, or scientifically developed data
which has been applied for some time in safety-related applications. The other standards include escalator and
moving walk safety codes, electrical codes, anthropometric standards and various materials standards. In all
cases, the use of the relevant standard is to assist the user of this document.
NOTE 2 This document recognizes that slightly different or non-identical values for safety-related criteria
have been used around the world in order to ensure the safe operation of escalators and moving walks. Examples
of these are safety factors, space sizes to prevent body part entry, space, forces, deceleration and acceleration
rates and illumination levels. In many cases, the values vary only slightly (e.g. as a result of conversions of
imperial to SI units of measure, or due to different origins of the units). Nevertheless, these slightly differing
values have proven to result in safe escalator and moving walk operation over many years.
5.2.1.2 Safety factors should be considered relative to the material being used and its application,
based on sound engineering practice considering all applicable codes and standards.
5.2.1.3 It is recognized that electronic safety devices and programmable electronic systems in safety-
related applications (i.e. PESSRAE) are extensively used in many industries. Where used in escalator and
moving walk safety applications, guidance on safety integrity levels (SILs) is provided in ISO 22201-2.
For devices using electro-mechanical or non-programmable electronic devices, methods such as Failure
Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) should be considered to establish the safety level.
5.2.1.4 The values in Table 2 are globally harmonized values based upon current applicable national or
regional standards, with the recognition that some of the values are not absolute in nature.
5.2.1.5 When existing national, regional or international escalator or moving walk safety standards are
revised, these GSPs (i.e. these values and generic International Standards) should be considered.
5.2.2 Process of implementing GSPs]
In evaluating an escalator or moving walk or its components for compliance with a particular GESR, the
following risk assessment and risk reduction process, in accordance with ISO 14798, shall be applied.
a) The risk scenario, which includes the hazardous situation addressed in a GESR and the harmful
event, shall be formulated.
b) Risk shall be estimated, evaluated and assessed.
c) If the risk level requires mitigation, protective measures are proposed. The protective measures
should eliminate the hazard or reduce the risk. Reducing the risk may include implementing GSPs.
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

d) After applying the protective measures, the risk shall be re-assessed. Step c) is repeated until the
risk has been sufficiently mitigated.
e) If a new hazard is created as a result of mitigating a given risk, the risk resulting from this new
hazard shall be fully mitigated using the above-mentioned process.
5.2.3 Ways of using GESRs and GSPs
5.2.3.1 With respect to a specific task affecting the safety of escalators and moving walks, such as
designing an escalator or moving walk or its components, GESRs and related GSPs can be used in two
ways, namely
a) one can begin with the risk assessment of scenarios related to the task in order to identify the
applicable GESRs and related GSPs, as in 5.2.3.2, or
b) one can begin with a review of all GESRs in order to identify those that could be applicable to the
task, as in 5.2.3.3.
NOTE In addition to designing, tasks can include installing or servicing of, or writing design-prescriptive
safety standards for escalators and moving walks or their components.
5.2.3.2 When designing an escalator or moving walk or its components, a review of the intended use,
foreseeable misuse (see ISO 14798:2009, 4.5.5.4) and design should be made, in which all possible risk
scenarios are formulated and risk assessment is performed, in order to find out which, if any, GESRs
and relevant GSPs are applicable to the design. All risk scenarios that could occur during operation and
use should be considered, as well as during the maintenance, repair or inspection of the escalator and
moving walk.
The risk scenarios shall include specifications of all hazardous situations, combined with all harmful
events (i.e. causes, effects and possible levels of harm). The risk analysis of a scenario shall be followed
by the process of risk estimation and evaluation in accordance with the methodology specified in
ISO 14798. As long as a risk is assessed as not sufficiently mitigated, the proposed design shall have to
be continually improved until the applicable GESRs are fulfilled.
NOTE 1 For the practical use of GESRs, see ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 5.2.
NOTE 2 Rationales for GESRs, given in notes following each GESR in Table 2, are intended to provide further
understanding of the intent and use of GESRs.
5.2.3.3 The process may start with the review of GESRs. In this case, one considers the design or actual
installation of the escalator or moving walk or its components with the intent of identifying those GESRs
that can be applicable to the design, installation of the escalator or moving walk or its components.
Compliance with each identified GESR shall be assessed. If the compliance is not self-evident, risk
assessment shall be completed to demonstrate compliance.
5.2.4 Applicability of GESRs and GSPs
When analysing the safety of an escalator or moving walk design or component, or when writing a
design-prescriptive requirement or standard, the applicability of all GESRs should be determined. Only
systematic descriptions of all risk scenarios combined with the risk assessment of all scenarios (see
ISO 14798) determine applicability of individual GESRs and relevant GSPs.
Table 2 addresses safety hazards in specific GESRs. The relevant GSP(s) given for a GESR does/do not
necessarily mitigate all risks relevant to a specific escalator or moving walk, component or function.
However, such risks should be addressed by another GESR and associated relevant GSP(s).
5.2.5 Safety objectives of GSPs
5.2.5.1 When designing an escalator or moving walk, appropriate components and functions should be
selected in terms of specific GSPs (see Table 2). Examples are size, dimensions, strength, force, material,
deceleration and acceleration. Reliability of performance of safety-related parts, as applicable, and their
ability to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate the risks to achieve compliance with the objective specified in
the GESR should be established.
5.2.5.2 Table 1 contains examples that illustrate the methods described in 5.2.3.1 a). The examples are
consistent with the corresponding examples of ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, Table 1.
a) Cases 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the method described in 5.2.3.1 a), where a GESR and corresponding
GSP are used to mitigate a risk.
b) The examples are not comprehensive in that other risks pertaining to the scenarios are not
addressed. A comprehensive risk assessment would address all risks.
5.2.5.3 In case 2 of Table 1, in order to eliminate or mitigate the risks to user/non-user, the following
shall be determined:
a) the maximum height of the position of the guards above the floor level to avoid falling from height,
b) the minimum dimensions (height, width, distance to handrail edge etc.) in order to prevent access
beyond the guards.
Additionally, the maximum perforation (openings) in the guards should not allow a foothold in order to
by-pass the guards, and all exposed fastener heads for the guard shall be of the vandal-resistant type.
NOTE 1 There are additional GESRs applicable to the guards on the machinery.
NOTE 2 All GESR headings from ISO/TS 25740-1 are listed in Table 2 and aligned with their relevant GSPs.
10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — Subject: Mechanical hazards: Not applicable to this example
Date: Not applicable to this example
Estimation of risk After protective
Scenario
elements measures
Case Protective measures
Residual risk
number Harmful event (risk reduction measure)
a b a b
Hazardous situation S P S P
Cause Effect
1 Hazard: Mechanical — Contact with moving parts
Non-users outside the ma- Non-user can enter their Upper limb injury (crushing, 2 B Remark: This hazard is 2 F
chinery can get in touch with upper limbs through open- shearing, trapping) addressed by GESR ISO/
the moving LCU system due ings and come into contact TS 25740-1:2011, 6.3.1.
to insufficient covers. with the moving LCU system.
[p1] Where a full imperforate
enclosure is not provided, see
ISO 13857:2008.
[p2] Where equipment is cov-
ered on all sides, but perfo-
rated, see ISO 13857:2008,
Tables 5 and 6, for mechanical
protection.
[p3] Where equipment is
not covered on all sides, see
ISO 13857:2008, Table 2, for
the distances a, b and c, and
Figures 1 and 2.
a
S — Levels of severity of the harm (see 4.5.3):
1 — High   2 — Medium   3 — Low   4 — Negligible
b
P — Level of probability of occurrence of harm (see 4.5.4):
A — Highly probable   B — Probable   C — Occasional   D — Remote   E — Improbable   F — Highly improbable

12 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Table 1 (continued)
Estimation of risk After protective
Scenario
elements measures
Case Protective measures
Residual risk
number Harmful event (risk reduction measure)
a b a b
Hazardous situation S P S P
Cause Effect
2 Hazard Mechanical – Falling due to foreseeable misuse
User or non-users climbing on Falling from critical height Fatality 1 C Remark: This hazard is 1 E Use of special means to
the outside of the balustrade addressed by GESR ISO/ intentionally bypass the
TS 25740-1:2011, 6.3.1. device
[p1] Escalators and mov-
ing walks shall be provided
with devices on the lower
outer decking at a point
(1 000 ± 50) mm above the
floor level where the bottom
of the device intersects with
the balustrade decking and
shall extend to a length l5 of
at least 1 000 mm parallel
with the balustrade decking
where no stepping is possible.
The device shall extend to
at least a height in line with
the top of the handrail not
conflicting with the require-
ments of b and b .
10 12
a
S — Levels of severity of the harm (see 4.5.3):
1 — High   2 — Medium   3 — Low   4 — Negligible
b
P — Level of probability of occurrence of harm (see 4.5.4):
A — Highly probable   B — Probable   C — Occasional   D — Remote   E — Improbable   F — Highly improbable

Table 1 (continued)
Estimation of risk After protective
Scenario
elements measures
Case Protective measures
Residual risk
number Harmful event (risk reduction measure)
a b a b
Hazardous situation S P S P
Cause Effect
3 Slipping, tripping, falling hazard
Users entering the LCU sys- Falling due to loss of balance Fatality 1 D Remark: This hazard is 1 F
tem in the downward di- caused by stepping on a de- addressed by GESR ISO/
rection scending LCU TS 25740-1:2011, 6.3.1.
[p1] The LCU of an escalator
shall be guided in such a way
that the front edges of the
LCU leaving the comb and
the rear edges of the LCU
entering the comb are moving
horizontally for a length of
at least:
— 0,80 m for v ≤ 0,5 m/s of
the LCU;
— 1,20 m for
0,50 m/s < v ≤ 0,65 m/s of
the LCU;
— 1,60 m for v > 0,65 m/s
of the LCU.
[p2] In the user carrying area
of the escalator the LCU shall
be horizontal with a toler-
ance of ±1° in the direction
of travel.
[p3] At the upper landings of
moving walks with an incli-
nation of more than 6°, the
LCU shall move for a length of
at least 0,40 m at a maximum
angle of 6° before entering or
after leaving the comb.
a
S — Levels of severity of the harm (see 4.5.3):
1 — High   2 — Medium   3 — Low   4 — Negligible
b
P — Level of probability of occurrence of harm (see 4.5.4):
A — Highly probable   B — Probable   C — Occasional   D — Remote   E — Improbable   F — Highly improbable

14 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Table 1 (continued)
Estimation of risk After protective
Scenario
elements measures
Case Protective measures
Residual risk
number Harmful event (risk reduction measure)
a b a b
Hazardous situation S P S P
Cause Effect
4 No manual stopping in case of dangerous situation
There is an emergency situa- Users/non-users cannot in- Not-stopping of the machin- 2 B Remark: This hazard is 2 F
tion on the machinery. tentionally stop the move- ery increases the likelihood addressed by GESR ISO/
ment of the machinery. for further injuries or ma- TS 25740-1:2011, 6.3.1.
chinery damage.
[p1] A stop switch with a red
actuator for emergency situa-
tions shall be provided visibly
located at each landing of
the escalator/moving walk.
[p2] The distances between
stop switches for emergency
situations shall not exceed:
— 30 m on escalators;
— 40 m on moving walks.
a
S — Levels of severity of the harm (see 4.5.3):
1 — High   2 — Medium   3 — Low   4 — Negligible
b
P — Level of probability of occurrence of harm (see 4.5.4):
A — Highly probable   B — Probable   C — Occasional   D — Remote   E — Improbable   F — Highly improbable

5.3 Use of ISO/TS 25740-1 and this document
This document shall supplement ISO/TS 25740-1 in providing a uniform process for assessing the safety
of escalators and moving walks. The GESRs and GSPs are intended for use by:
a) writers of safety or safety related standards for escalators and moving walks;
b) escalator and moving walk designers, manufacturers and installers, maintenance and service
organizations;
c) independent [third-party] conformity assessment bodies; and
d) inspection and testing bodies and similar organizations.
NOTE See ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 5.3.2 to 5.3.5 for detail on procedure followed by these types of users. See
ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, Annex A, for an overview of GESRs in relation to subsystems of escalators and moving walks.
6 Global safety parameters
Global safety parameters listed in Table 2 should be applied as described in Clause 5.
GSPs are grouped in Table 2 in the same order as GESRs are grouped in ISO/TS 25740-1, which is based
on locations where a person can be exposed to a hazard, such as spaces adjacent to the machinery,
landings, on the LCU and working areas. Users of this document, who prefer the regrouped GESRs and
related GSPs based on the escalator and moving walk subsystems, should use ISO/TS 25740-1:2011,
Table A.1.
Table 2 — Global safety parameters (GSPs) for specific GESRs
Global Essential Safety Global safety parameters (GSPs) Remarks/Diagrams/Comments
Requirement (GESR) referenced in this document
Common GESRs and GSPs related to persons at different locations (ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 6.2)
1.  Strength and size NOTE  Local regulations and/or stand- Remark 1:
(ISO/TS 25740-1:2011, 6.2.1) ards apply.
Safety factors should be considered
relative to the material being used
and its application, based on sound
engineering practice considering
all applicable codes and standards.
Remark 2:
The supporting structure (truss)
shall be designed to withstand the
loads defined in the local codes and
standards (e.g. EN 115–1 is referring
to EN 1993, A17.1 referring to AISC
and BSLJ-EO).
Remark 3:
Landings shall be designed to with-
stand the load defined in local codes
and standards. Consideration of
exceptional application of addi-
tional loads other than passengers
(e.g. fork lifts) shall be addressed
by the customer. Solutions can be
determined by either considering
this load in the design or by pre-
venting access/application of the
additional load.
Prevention can be achieved by differ-
ent means (e.g. instruction, training
or physical barriers).
Remark 4:
Power transmitting elements (e.g.
chain, brake, link between opera-
tional brake and step/pallet/belt
drive, machine and connecting el-
ements) shall be designed in con-
sideration of loads imposed and
safety factors required.
Remark 5:
Seismic conditions shall be consid-
ered according to local regulations
(see also item 3).
16 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Table 2 (continued)
Global Essential Safety Global safety parameters (GSPs) Remarks/Diagrams/Comments
Requirement (GESR) referenced in this document
2.  Falling down or off the area [p1] Minimum height of balustrade Comment on [p1]:
containing the travel path 900 mm measured vertically from the
Different maximum heights are
(ISO/TS 25740-1, 6.2.2) LCU nose line.
defined for the balustrade in local
[p2] Balustrades should be designed to codes and standards.
resist the simultaneous (vertical and
Different minimum angles of the
horizontal) application of a static lateral
inner decking are defined in local
force of 585 N/m and a vertical load of
codes and standards.
730 N/m.
Comment on [p4]:
[p3] The dimensions for the continuation
of the handrail beyond the comb step/ Braking distances are defined in
pallet intersection shall be at least 300 mm local codes and standards
at normal handrail height.
Comment on [p6]
[p4] The deceleration, measured on a
The relevant period is subject to
downward moving escalator/moving walk
local codes and standards.
or horizontal moving walk, in the direction
of travel shall not exceed 1 m/s during
Local standards and regulations
the operation of the braking system.
apply.
[p5] Escalators with a rise of more than
Comment on [p7]
6 m shall have a maximum angle of 30°.
The term “substantially the same
[p6] Handrail speed deviation of 15 % speed” given in ASME A17.1 is sub-
relative to the actual speed of the LCU ject to interpretation. A recommen-
over a specified period shall automatically dation is to adopt this requirement.
cause the stop of the escalator.
[p7] Handrail shall move in the direction Remark 1:
of the LCU with a tolerance of 0 % to +2 %
The balustrade provides for the
relative to its speed.
passenger’s safety by ensuring
[p8] The lower inner decking and the stability during the use of the es-
interior panel shall have an angle of in- calator/moving walk, supports the
clination of at least 25° to the horizontal. handrail and protects from falling
off the travel path. The balustrade
[p9] The horizontal part up to the interior
including the handrail is not con-
panel shall be less than 30 mm.
sidered to be a barrier as requested
[p10] Horizontal distance between skirt by building codes.
and balustrade less than 150 mm if angle
Remark 2:
of inclination less than 45°.
Starting is only permitted by a com-
[p11] The newel including the handrails
petent person with authorization.
shall project horizontally beyond the
To ensure that the escalator/moving
comb intersection line by at least 0,60 m
walk is started without people on
in longitudinal direction.
a LCU, the LCU-system has to be
within sight of this person.
[p12] The width of the handrail shall be Remark 3:
between 70 mm and 100 mm.
Except for emergency stopping, the
[p13] The distance between the centre manual stopping operation shall be
line of the handrails shall not exceed the done without passengers travelling
distance between the skirting by more on the escalator/moving walk.
than 0,45 m.
Automatic stopping is permitted
[p14] The distance between the inner only after all passengers have left
edge of the handrail and the inner edge the escalat
...