ISO 24620-3:2021
(Main)Language resource management — Controlled human communication (CHC) — Part 3: Basic principles and methodology for controlled oral communication (COralCom)
Language resource management — Controlled human communication (CHC) — Part 3: Basic principles and methodology for controlled oral communication (COralCom)
This document provides basic principles and a methodology for establishing a specification for designing and constructing a formally defined, or controlled, system of oral communication that avoids or filters out phonetic interferences and confusions between words of the same language and between languages. The system is both abstracted from, and contextually situated in, the domains of industry, business or other technologies. This document deals only with oral communication between native speakers, or non-native speakers, or a native speaker and a non‑native speaker, who can be disturbed due to different phenomena, such as phoneme confusion, phonetic interferences and confusions between words (for example: homophony, quasi-homophony or co-articulation) of the same language and/or different languages and the resulting ambiguities due, for example, to multilingual communication or stressful situations. This document deals with speakers and listeners without speech or hearing impediments[16], and does not include sign languages which have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages[23]. Foreseen applications are essentially in safety critical applications using human oral communication. This document is also applicable to other domains involving, for example, training and evaluation procedures and robots.
Gestion des ressources linguistiques — Communication humaine contrôlée (CHC) — Partie 3: Principes de base et méthodologie de la communication orale contrôlée (COralCom)
Le présent document fournit des principes de base ainsi qu'une méthodologie afin d'établir une spécification pour la conception et la création d'un système de communication orale formel ou contrôlé et permettant d'éviter ou d'écarter toute interférence phonétique et toute confusion entre les mots d'une même langue et de différentes langues. Le système est à la fois extrait des domaines de l'industrie, des affaires et d'autres technologies, et replacé dans ces mêmes contextes. Le présent document traite uniquement de la communication orale entre des locuteurs natifs ou des locuteurs non natifs, ou entre des locuteurs natifs et des locuteurs non natifs, pouvant être perturbée par différents phénomènes comme la confusion des phonèmes, les interférences phonétiques, la confusion entre des mots (notamment homophonie, quasi-homophonie ou coarticulation) de la même langue et/ou de différentes langues et les ambiguïtés qui en résultent, dues par exemple à la communication multilingue ou à des situations de stress. Le présent document concerne les locuteurs et auditeurs ne présentant pas de troubles de l'élocution ni de l'audition[16] et n'aborde pas les langues des signes qui disposent d'un système phonologique équivalent au système de sons des langues parlées[23]. Les utilisations prévues sont essentiellement des applications critiques en matière de sécurité impliquant une communication orale humaine. Le présent document s'applique également à d'autres domaines incluant, par exemple, des modes opératoires de formation et d'évaluation et les robots.
Upravljanje jezikovnih virov - Nadzorovana človeška komunikacija (CHC) - 3. del: Osnovna načela in metodologija za nadzorovano ustno komunikacijo (COralCom)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2021
Upravljanje jezikovnih virov - Nadzorovana človeška komunikacija (CHC) - 3. del:
Osnovna načela in metodologija za nadzorovano ustno komunikacijo (COralCom)
Language resource management -- Controlled human communication (CHC) - Part 3:
Basic principles and methodology for controlled oral communication (COralCom)
Gestion des ressources linguistiques -- Communication humaine contrôlée (CHC) -
Partie 3: Principes de base et méthodologie de la communication orale contrôlée
(COralCom)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 24620-3:2021
ICS:
01.020 Terminologija (načela in Terminology (principles and
koordinacija) coordination)
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24620-3
First edition
2021-02
Language resource management —
Controlled human communication
(CHC) —
Part 3:
Basic principles and methodology
for controlled oral communication
(COralCom)
Gestion des ressources linguistiques — Communication humaine
contrôlée (CHC) —
Partie 3: Principes de base et méthodologie de la communication
orale contrôlée (COralCom)
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Motivation for controlled human communication . 3
5 Basic principles and methodology . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Problem: specific issues . 5
5.3 Principles . 5
5.3.1 Overview . 5
5.3.2 Distinctive features . 5
5.3.3 From distinctive features to phonemes . 6
5.3.4 From distinctive features to phonemes and words . 7
5.4 Methodology: rules to avoid confusion and ambiguities . 9
5.4.1 General. 9
5.4.2 List of conditions (possible linguistic phenomena) . 9
5.4.3 List of operators (actions to apply) . 9
5.4.4 Rules and algorithmic representation .10
5.5 Resume of the basic principles and methodology .10
5.5.1 Intra- and inter-language interference .10
5.5.2 Inter-language interference .10
5.5.3 Synonym .11
Annex A (informative) Examples of language interferences .12
Annex B (informative) Examples of distinctive features .17
Annex C (informative) Calculation of phoneme proximity .19
Annex D (informative) Controlled languages information system.21
Annex E (informative) Paronyms .22
Bibliography .23
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 4, Language resource management.
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iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
No human is expected to master and speak several languages with the same level of competence as
their own mother tongues. Faced with rapidly increasing multilingual situations, misunderstandings
and confusion arise in daily communications, very often causing accidents and casualties. Industry
and other business sectors, as well as different domains dealing with safety critical applications such
as emergency services (police, fire, ambulance, maritime, etc.) require a precise and concise language
to supplement the common use of natural human languages. Uncontrolled, these languages would
allow non-parallel and non-comparable grammatical constructions, possessing inherent semantic
ambiguities of variously phonetic, phonological, morphological, lexical or syntactic types.
Human communication is primarily oral, making use of the spoken medium of language.
Oral communication between native speakers, or non-native speakers, or a native speaker and a
non-native speaker, can be disturbed due to different phenomena such as phoneme confusion and the
resulting ambiguities due, for example, to multilingual communication or stressful situations. For an
early study focussing on perceptual confusion among some consonants, see Reference [11]; for a more
recent study concerning sources of variability in consonant perception, see Reference [12]. For a study
and system on interferences in the domain of aeronautics and others, see References [6] and [7].
However, whatever the disturbance, the impaired communication results in confusion between
distinctive phonetic features, phonemes and words including the problem of co-articulation (see
Reference [24]). For early studies in the domain where phoneme confusion and interferences,
and archiphonemes (see Reference [25]), norms, variants and common properties of all variants,
distribution of variants as a norm, as well as distinctive features of a phoneme, are presented and
detailed, see References [13], [14] and [15].
This document deals with confusion and variable pronunciation or interpretation of distinctive phonetic
features (including accents, stresses, and tones or lengths) and phonemes, but also homophones,
homographs, and quasi-homophones and quasi-homographs.
The basic acoustic processes involved in speech production are the generation of sound sources and
the filtering of these sources by the vocal tract. The sources are generated by the modulation of airflow
through narrow constrictions produced at the larynx or in the vocal tract above the larynx, airflow
that is usually the result of action of the respiratory system. The filtering of the sources is controlled
by manipulating the shape of the vocal tract airway above the larynx, including the opening between
the oral portion of the vocal tract and the nasal cavity. The acoustic properties of the sources and of the
filtering of these sources can be varied by manipulating a number of different articulatory parameters
relating to the laryngeal configuration, the positions and shapes of the lips, the tongue blade, the tongue
body and other structures, and the stiffness of particular structures. Some of these manipulations lead
to relative stable acoustic properties that are perceptually distinctive. These particular manipulations
play a role in the selection of inventories of sounds consisting of discrete units such as features,
segments, and words in terms of which language is structured (see Reference [17]).
Sounds of languages are described as sets of phonemes (see Reference [26]). All phonemes can be
distinguished by at least one (acoustic/articulatory) feature. Every language takes a limited number
of articulatory/acoustic features out of a virtually unlimited number of possibilities. For most known
languages, the inventory ranges between thirteen and seventy-five phonemes (see Reference [19]). The
phonetic characteristics of individual members of the inventory are, as a rule, given through matrices
showing articulatory/acoustic features. A universal phonemic inventory has been provided (see
References [20] and [22]). A phoneme system is the overall pattern of characteristics and relationships
of the phonemes in the phonemic inventory of a given language. The phonological characteristics of the
phonemes and their allophones are described by articulatory/acoustic features, the interrelationships
between phonemes through oppositions. For a discussion of the importance of distinguishing between
acoustics and articulatory features, a formant chart of the vowels of standard French and an illustration
of the neutrality of distinctive features between production and perception, see Reference [21].
Human beings recognise in their respective
...
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