ISO 16845-2:2014

Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) conformance test plan — Part 2: High-speed medium access unit with selective wake-up functionality

ISO 16845-2:2014 establishes test cases and test requirements to realize a test plan verifying if the CAN transceiver with implemented selective wake-up functions conform to the specified functionalities. The kind of testing defined in ISO 16845-2:2014 is named as conformance testing.

Véhicules routiers — Gestionnaire de réseau de communication (CAN) plan d'essai de conformité — Partie 2: Unité d'accès au médium haute vitesse avec fonctionnalité de réveil sélectif

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 03-Nov-2014
• Withdrawal Date: 03-Nov-2014
• ICS: 43.040.15 - Car informatics. On board computer systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 31 - Data communication
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 31/WG 3 - In-vehicle networks
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 17-Jul-2018

Relations

• Revised: ISO 16845-2:2018 - Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) conformance test plan — Part 2: High-speed medium access unit — Conformance test plan
• Effective Date: 05-Nov-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16845-2
First edition
2014-11-01
Road vehicles — Controller area
network (CAN) conformance test
plan —
Part 2:
High-speed medium access unit with
selective wake-up functionality
Véhicules routiers — Gestionnaire de réseau de communication (CAN)
plan d’essai de conformité —
Partie 2: Unité d’accès au médium haute vitesse avec fonctionnalité de
réveil sélectif
Reference number
ISO 16845-2:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014

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ISO 16845-2:2014(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 16845-2:2014(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 OSI conformance test method . 3
6 Organization . 5
6.1 General organization . . 5
6.2 Test case organization . 6
6.3 Hierarchical structure of tests . 8
7 Test cases . 9
7.1 Transceiver physical layer part .10
7.2 Normal CAN communication acceptance .35
7.3 Wake-up frame evaluation .57
7.4 Frame error counter management .77
7.5 Wake-up pattern class .96
7.6 Low-power mode operation class .101
Bibliography .105
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ISO 16845-2:2014(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical
and electronic equipment.
ISO 16845 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Controller area network
(CAN) - Conformance test plan:
1)
— Part 1: Overview
— Part 2: High-speed medium access unit with selective wake-up functionality
1) Under preparation.
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ISO 16845-2:2014(E)

Introduction
ISO 16845 was first published in 2004 to provide the methodology and abstract test suite necessary
for checking the conformance of any CAN implementation of the CAN specified in ISO 11898-1. The new
restructured ISO 11898 contains ISO 11898-6, which defines the physical layer requirements for partial
networking.
ISO 16845-2 provides the methodology and abstract test suite necessary for checking the conformance
of any CAN implementation specified in ISO 11898-6.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16845-2:2014(E)
Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN)
conformance test plan —
Part 2:
High-speed medium access unit with selective wake-up
functionality
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16845 establishes test cases and test requirements to realize a test plan verifying if the
CAN transceiver with implemented selective wake-up functions conform to the specified functionalities
referenced in ISO 11898-6. The kind of testing defined in this part of ISO 16845 is named as conformance
testing.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 9646-1, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Conformance testing
methodology and framework — Part 1: General concepts
ISO/IEC 9646-2, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Conformance testing
methodology and framework — Part 2: Abstract Test Suite specification
ISO 11898-1, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 1: Data link layer and physical signalling
ISO 11898-2:2003, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 2: High-speed medium access
unit
ISO 11898-5:2007, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 5: High-speed medium access
unit with low-power mode
ISO 11898-6:2013, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 6: High-speed medium access
unit with selective wake-up functionality
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11898-2:2003, ISO 11898-5:2007
and the following apply.
3.1
implementation under test
IUT
device (e.g. standalone transceiver, SBC) which will be tested according to this conformance test plan
Note 1 to entry: An IUT can be part of an SUT.
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3.2
lower tester
LT
part of the test system which emulates the interfaces of the underlying OSI layer from sight of the IUT
3.3
system under test
SUT
system where the IUT is implemented if the IUT is part of a system or cannot operate as a standalone
device
3.4
test system
TS
system which fulfils all requirements to perform the tests defined in ISO 16845-2
3.5
upper tester
UT
part of the test system which emulates the interfaces of the overlying OSI layer from sight of the IUT
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
ACK Acknowledge
ASP Abstract service primitives
CAN Controller Area Network
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
DLC Data Length Code
EOF End of Frame
ID Identifier
MAC Medium Access Control
OSI Open System Interconnection
PCO Point of control and observation
PHS Physical Signalling
PL Physical Layer
PMA Physical Medium Attachment
FEC Frame Error Counter
SOF Start of Frame
WUF Wake-up frame
WUP Wake-up pattern
IMF Intermission field
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5 OSI conformance test method
OSI conformance testing was mainly introduced by the ISO 9646-1and 2, for the purpose of regulating and
harmonizing impartial tests. In general information about the internal structure of the implementation
as well as source code is not available to the party performing the tests. This explains why the preferred
OSI conformance testing methodology is black box testing and consequently does not take into account
any implementation details.
Figure 1 depicts the OSI coordinated test method.
Key
SUT System Under Test LT Lower Tester
UT Upper Tester TCP Test Coordination Procedure
IUT Implementation Under Test TS Test System
Figure 1 — The OSI coordinated test method
OSI conformance testing proposes many test methods suitable for different sorts of Implementation
Under Test (IUT), providing different points of control and observation.
The coordinated test method is the most suitable for CAN devices. It provides a simple interface to
the Implementation Under Test, i.e. the CAN-Bus itself, and a flexible test coordination protocol using
CAN messages between the Lower Tester (LT) as part of the Test System and the Upper Tester (UT) in
the System Under Test. The Lower Tester controls and observes the Implementations Under Test lower
service boundary indirectly via the underlying service provider, using the Abstract Service Primitives
(ASPs) of the CAN protocol. The Upper Tester controls and observes the Implementations Under Test
upper service boundary. The Test Coordination Procedures (TCPs) ensure the cooperation between the
Lower Tester and the Upper Tester.
In case of CAN Transceiver with partial networking functionalities, influencing variables from the upper
tester side are the digital CAN signals (RxD and TxD), host interface signals and I/O signals like INH or
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ISO 16845-2:2014(E)

Wake. The lower tester influencing variables are the analogue bus interface with the signals CAN_H and
CAN_L and the supply power. Figure 2 depicts the influencing variables on the IUT.
Figure 2 — Influencing variables on IUT
To realise all services stimulating the IUT and recording the responses of the IUT regarding all influencing
variables, abstract logical devices are defined as followed.
Figure 3 depicts abstract logical devices of upper and lower tester.
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ISO 16845-2:2014(E)

Figure 3 — Abstract logical devices of upper and lower tester
The OSI model divides a communication interface into seven logical layers which contain defined
interfaces from / to the upper or lower layer. Following the OSI coordinated test method the test system
realises the upper layer with the help of the upper tester and the lower layer with the help of the lower
tester. For transceivers without partial networking capability, the transceiver is implemented inside the
logical layer 1 – the physical layer with the lower interface as the CAN bus and the upper interface to the
2nd layer, known as the data link- or protocol layer, with logical signals TxD and RxD. In case of a high
speed CAN transceiver supporting partial networking the IUT itself contains functionalities appropriate
to the data link layer (partial networking functionalities) and physical layer (typical transceiver
functionalities). To follow the OSI coordinated test method this part of ISO 16845 is split into a physical
layer part, verifying the transceiver characteristics appropriated to the OSI physical layer and a data
link layer part, verifying the protocol implementation necessary for partial networking functionalities.
6 Organization
6.1 General organization
The abstract test suites of the TS are independent to one another. Each abstract test suite checks
the behaviour of the IUT for a particular parameter of the CAN protocol specification as defined in
ISO 11898-1. Each test case may be executed one after another in any order or alone.
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Test cases requiring variations of individual parameters have to be repeated for each value of the
parameter. Each repetition is named elementary test. A test case including different elementary tests is
valid only if all tests pass.
The result of executing a test case on an IUT should be the same whenever it is performed. To realize such
reproducibility of test results this part of ISO 16845 is designed in the way to minimize the possibility
that a test case produces different test outcomes on different occasions. Therefore, test requirements
which have to be met and how the verdicts are to be assigned are defined in an unambiguous way.
6.2 Test case organization
6.2.1 Overview
Each elementary test is made of three states:
— Setup state;
— Test state;
— Verification state.
Before the first elementary test is started the IUT has to be initialised into the default state.
6.2.2 Setup state
6.2.2.1 General
The setup state is a defined and explicitly entered and verified state in which the IUT has to be before
entering the test state. A test starts with unpowered IUT. The first step is to set IUT power supply on.
The IUT, unless otherwise specified, is configured with data as found in 6.2.4.2.
6.2.2.2 Default setup
Figure 4 describes the default setup for the test which shall be applied unless otherwise specified in setup
of the test case description. Furthermore, the setup information of the related device documentation
shall be followed.
Figure 4 — Default setup for test
6.2.2.3 Default state
The Default state is characterised by the following default value:
— IUT power supply on;
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— IUT configured to test bit rate;
— IUT set to Normal mode.
After the end of each Elementary test, the default state must be re-applied.
6.2.3 Test state
The time between two frames on the bus shall be, unless otherwise specified, at least 2 bits of idle after
IMF. The idle phase shall not be longer than t .
SILENCE(min)
6.2.4 Test frame definition for protocol related test cases
6.2.4.1 Elements of test frames
In the protocol related test cases the focus is on correct frame reception and handling. Therefore, test
frames or test pattern will be sent to the IUT. The test frames with 11-bit identifiers are structured as
depicted in Figure 5. The elements of the test frame are described below.
Figure 5 — 11-bit CAN-ID format frame elements
Figure 6 depicts the structure of the test frames in extended frame format. The elements of the test
frame are described below.
Figure 6 — 29-bit CAN-ID format frame elements
The elements and the default values are defined in Table 1:
Table 1 — Elements of test frames
Element Meaning Bit size Default value
SOF Start of frame 1 0
ID 11 or 29 bit identifier 11 or 29 refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
(29 bit split in to 11 and 18 bit)
RTR Remote transmission request 1 0 = data frame = default
1 = remote frame
SRR Substitute Remote Request 1 1
IDE Identifier extended bit 1 0 = 11 bit ID frame (default)
1 = 29 bit ID frame
r0 Reserved bit 0 1 0
r1 Reserved bit 1 1 0
DLC Data length code 4 refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
Data Data field 0 … 8 [Byte] refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
CRC Cyclic redundancy check 15 Correspond to data
CRC_DEL Cyclic redundancy check delimiter 1 1
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Table 1 (continued)
Element Meaning Bit size Default value
ACK Acknowledgement slot 1 refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
ACK_DEL ACK delimiter 1 1
EOF End of frame 7 1
IMF Intermission field 3 1
6.2.4.2 IUT configuration and default parameters
Unless otherwise specified in the corresponding test case definition, the used test frame shall be as
defined in Table 2.
Table 2 — Definition of the default test frames
Frame format ID DLC Data ACK
11 bit ID 0x000 (default)000h 1 0x01 0
(default)1 (default)01h
29 bit ID 00000000h 1 01h 0
Further default parameters which shall be used unless otherwise specified in the corresponding test
case definition are:
— Used frame type: 11 bit identifier;
— ID configuration: corresponding to the used test frame (wake-up condition fulfilled);
— Data field configuration: corresponding to the used test frame (wake-up condition fulfilled);
— ID mask: set all bits to care;
— Data mask bit: if implemented, it shall be set to enable;
— t : 8 recessive bits after intermission field.
WAIT
6.2.4.3 Sync frame sequence
The sync frame sequence as it is used in several test cases shall be as defined in Table 3.
Table 3 — Definition of the sync frame sequence
Frame ID DLC Data
a
1 to 5 555h 1 FFh
a
9 in case of data rate > 500 kbit/s.
The frame generator sends each sync frame without a dominant acknowledge field followed by an active
error frame with intermission field prolonged by two further bits.
6.3 Hierarchical structure of tests
6.3.1 Overview
All the Tests defined in the test plan are grouped into categories in order to aid planning, development,
understanding or execution of each test case. There are two levels of categories:
— the test groups;
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— the test cases.
6.3.2 Test group structure
The test cases are grouped by different functional blocks of the IUT which will be verified separately.
Each test group consists of one or several test cases.
6.3.3 Test case structure
Each test case of a test group focuses one particular requirement which will be verified.
Each test case is defined by a specific number and a particular name in order to differentiate the test
cases and to easily summarise the goal of the test case.
Table 4 depicts the structure of the defined test cases.
Table 4 — Structure of the defined test cases
Number - Test case number - Title and remarks of the test case
Title
Purpose Short description of the purpose of the test case
Test vari- The parameter definition of the test case
ables
[optional: elementary test case definition]
[optional: test frame sequence definition]
Setup Setup of the test case
Execution Test steps dealing with the setup being applied and what is observed and measured
Response Description about what is expected as the result
Reference Link to the requirement specification
6.3.4 Elementary tests
Some test cases may be subdivided into elementary tests which are repetitions of the test case for
several values of the focussed parameter to test. Each elementary test has its own parameter definition
which is defined in the Test variables of the test case definition.
6.3.5 Applicable test cases for devices with enhanced voltage biasing
It must be distinguished between devices which support the complete requirements or only the enhanced
biasing functionalities defined in ISO 11898-6. The following test cases are applicable for devices which
support only the enhanced voltage biasing compliant to ISO 11898-6.
Static test cases: Test case 1 – Test case 25.
Dynamic test cases: Test case 91 - Test case 98.
7 Test cases
All defined test cases must be executed in accordance with the supported device specific bit rates
defined in the device datasheet.
In case the IUT supports other bit rates, the following scenarios are possible:
— If the IUT supports only one bit rate, then all test cases must be executed using this specific bit rate;
— If the IUT supports two bit rates, then all test cases must be executed with both bit rate;
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— If the IUT supports more than two bit rates or a range of bit rates, then all test cases must be executed
considering the highest and the lowest bit rate, as well as a bit rate in-between.
If supported by the IUT, all test cases must be executed using a bit rate of 500 kbit/s.
7.1 Transceiver physical layer part
7.1.1 General
Due to the fact that the following test cases defined in Clause 7 will be checked by a static test, the
parameters given in the device data sheet shall be defined under the same conditions defined in the test
case definition and the corresponding references.
7.1.2 Static test cases
Table 5 — Test case 1
No. Requirement Min. Max. Unit
Test case 1 — There are two biasing conditions: Biasing to 2,5V or biasing to GND. - - -
7.1.3 Maximum ratings
These test cases verify maximum ratings on V , V and optional split pins. Due to the potential
CAN_H CAN_L
damage after high loaded conditions, they should be executed first.
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Table 6 — Test case 2
Number - Test case 2 — Maximum ratings V for V , V and optional V
max. CAN_H CAN_L Split
Title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure that the IUT shall not be damaged after stressed with
V on V , V and optional split pin (if implemented).
max. CAN_H CAN_L
Test vari- • Battery Voltage: refer to elementary test definition
ables
• t :  = 30 s
WAIT
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test V V
Bat max
#1 14 V 40 V
#2 28 V 58 V
#3 42 V 58 V
Setup Figure 7 depicts the measurement setup for test case 2
Figure 7 — Measurement setup for test case 2
Execution 1) Setup according to ‘Test variables’ and ‘Setup’ as shown above.
2) The test system holds the Voltage of V
. for a duration of t .
max WAIT
3) After test step 2, the IUT shall not be damaged due to the Voltage V .
max
4) After test step 2, the test system stimulates the IUT to drive recessive and dominant
output voltage.
Response The IUT shall be able to transmit and receive in conformance with ISO 11898-6.
The IUT shall be able to drive the split output voltage (if available) in conformance with
ISO 11898-6.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 7
Note: This is a static test case.
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Table 7 — Test case 3
Number - Test case 3 — Maximum ratings V for V , V and optional V
min. CAN_H CAN_L Split
Title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure that the IUT shall not be damaged after stressed with
V on V , V and optional split pin (if implemented).
min. CAN_H CAN_L
Test vari- — Battery Voltage: refer to elementary test definition
ables
— t :  = 30 s
WAIT
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test V V
Bat min
#1 14 V −27 V
#2 28 V −58 V
#3 42 V −58 V
Setup Figure 8 depicts the measurement setup for test case 3
Figure 8 — Measurement setup for test case 3
Execution 1) Setup according to ‘Test variables’ and ‘Setup’ as shown above.
2) The test system holds the Voltage of V
. for a duration of t .
min WAIT
3) After test step 2, the IUT shall not be damaged due to the voltage V .
max
4) After test step 2, the test system stimulates the IUT to drive recessive and dominant
output voltage.
Response — The IUT shall be able to transmit and receive in conformance with ISO 11898-6.
— The IUT shall be able to drive the split output voltage (if available) in conformance with
ISO 11898-6.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 7
Notes: This is a static test case.
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7.1.4 Transmitter part
7.1.4.1 Output bus voltages of CAN node
Table 8 — Test case 4
Number - Test case 4 — Recessive output bus voltage V
CAN_H
Title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure the CAN bus output voltage level of V in recessive
CAN_H
state.
Test vari- — System state: refer to elementary test definition
ables
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test System state   Value [V]
    min. max.
#1 Normal mode   2 3
#2 Low-power mode after t expired −0,1 0,1
SILENCE
Setup Figure 9 depicts the measurement setup for test case 4
Figure 9 — Measurement setup for test case 4
Execution The IUT is setup according to ‘Setup’ as shown above. The voltage of V is measured.
CAN_H
Response The voltage shall conform to the values depicted in Test variables.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 8
Notes: This is a static test case.
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Table 9 — Test case 5
Number - Test case 5 — Recessive output bus voltage V
CAN_L
Title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure the CAN bus output voltage level of V in recessive
CAN_L
state.
Test vari- — System state: refer to elementary test definition
ables
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test System state   Value [V]
    min. max.
#1 Normal mode   2 3
#2 Low-power mode after t expired  −0,1 0,1
SILENCE
Setup Figure 10 depicts the measurement setup for test case 5
Figure 10 — Measurement setup for test case 5
Execution The IUT is setup according to ‘Setup’ as shown above. The voltage of V is measured.
CAN_L
Response The voltage shall conform to the values depicted in Test variables.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 8
Notes: This is a static test case.
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Table 10 — Test case 6
Number - Test case 6 — Recessive differential output bus voltage V
diff
Title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to verify the differential CAN bus output voltage V in recessive
diff
state.
Test vari- • System state: refer to elementary test definition
ables
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test System state  Value [mV]
   min. max.
#1 Normal mode  −500 50
#2 Low-power mode after t expired −500 50
SILENCE
Setup -
Execution V shall be calculated as follows:
diff
V = V - V
diff CAN_H CAN_L
where
V = result of test case 4
CAN_H
V = result of test case 5
CAN_L
Response The voltage shall conform to the values depicted in test variables.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 8
Notes: This is a static test case.
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Table 11 — Test case 7
Number - Test case 7 — Dominant output bus voltage V
CAN_H
Title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure the CAN bus output voltage level of V in dominant
CAN_H
state.
Test vari- • System state: = Normal mode
ables
• R : Refer to elementary test definition
Test
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test R [Ω] Value [V]
Test
  min. max.
#1 50 2,75 4,5
#2 65 2,75 4,5
Setup Figure 11 depicts the measurement setup f
...

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16845-2
ISO/TC 22/SC 3 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on Voting terminates on

2013-04-19 2013-07-19
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION  •  МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ  •  ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION


Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Conformance
test plan —
Part 2:
High-speed medium access unit with selective wake-up
functionality — Conformance test plan
Véhicules routiers — Gestionnaire de réseau de communication (CAN) — Plan d'essai de conformité —
Partie 2

ICS 43.045.15









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ISO/DIS 16845-2

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©  ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 OSI conformance test method . 2
6 Organization . 6
6.1 General organization . 6
6.2 Test case organization . 6
6.3 Hierarchical structure of tests . 9
7 Test cases . 11
7.1 Transceiver physical layer part . 11
7.2 Normal CAN communication acceptance . 37
7.3 Wake-up frame evaluation . 63
7.4 Frame error counter management . 84
7.5 Wake-up pattern class . 103
7.6 Low-power mode operation class . 109

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ISO/DIS 16845-2
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16845-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3,
Electrical and electronic equipment.
This second/third/. edition cancels and replaces the first/second/. edition (), [clause(s) / subclause(s) /
table(s) / figure(s) / annex(es)] of which [has / have] been technically revised.
ISO 16845 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Controller area network
(CAN):
 Part 1: Conformance test plan (in preparation)
 Part 2: High-speed medium access unit with selective wake-up functionality - Conformance test plan
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
Introduction
ISO 16845 was first published in 2004 to provide the methodology and abstract test suite necessary for
checking the conformance of any CAN implementation of the CAN specified in ISO 11898-1. The new
restructured ISO 11898 contains among other series the ISO 11898-6, defining the physical layer
requirements for partial networking.
ISO 16845-2 provides the methodology and abstract test suite necessary for checking the conformance of any
CAN implementation of the specified ISO 11898-6.

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16845-2

Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 2: High-speed medium access unit with
selective wake-up functionality - Conformance test plan
1 Scope
Standards always imply a certain expectation regarding the interoperability of devices produced by different
manufacturers. In fact a standard describes what we want and expect to see, but it is hard to guarantee each
feature without deep and thorough testing of the functionality described and demanded by the chosen
standard.
Scope of this document is to establish test cases and test requirements to realize a test plan verifying if the
CAN transceiver with implemented selective wake-up functions are conform the specified functionalities
referenced in clause 2. This kind of testing defined in this document is named as conformance testing.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments and technical corrigenda) applies.
ISO 7498-1, Information technology — Open systems interconnection — Basic reference model — Part 1:
The basic model
ISO 9641-1, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Conformance testing methodology
and framework — Part 1: General concepts
ISO 9641-1, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Conformance testing methodology
and framework — Part 2: Abstract Test Suite specification
ISO 11898-1, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 1: Data link layer and physical
signalling
ISO 11898-2:2003, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 2: High-speed medium access
unit
ISO 11898-5:2007, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 5: High-speed medium access
unit with low-power mode
ISO 11898-6:2012, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 6: High-speed medium access
unit with selective wake-up functionality
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11898-2:2003, ISO 11898-5:2007
and the following apply.
3.1
Implementation under test
IUT
The device (e.g. standalone transceiver, SBC) which will be tested according this conformance test plan . An
IUT can be part of a SUT
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3.2
Lower tester
LT
Part of the test system which emulates the interfaces of the underlying OSI layer from sight of the IUT
3.3
System under test
SUT
If the IUT is part of a system or cannot operate as a standalone device, the system under test is the system
where the IUT is implemented
3.4
Test system
TS
A system which fulfils in this case all requirements to perform the tests defined in this specification
3.5
Upper tester
UT
Part of the test system which emulates the interfaces of the overlying OSI layer from sight of the IUT
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
ACK Acknowledge
ASP Abstract service primitives
CAN Controller Area Network
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
DLC Data Length Code
EOF End of Frame
ID Identifier
MAC Medium Access Control
OSI Open System Interconnection
PCO Point of control and observation
PHS Physical Signalling
PL Physical Layer
PMA Physical Medium Attachment
FEC Frame Error Counter
SOF Start of Frame
WUF Wake-up frame
WUP Wake-up pattern
IMF Intermission field

5 OSI conformance test method
OSI conformance testing was mainly introduced by the ISO 9646, ISO 9641-1 and ISO 9641-2, for the
purpose of regulating and harmonizing impartial tests. In general information about the internal structure of the
implementation as well as source code is not available to the party performing the tests. This explains why the
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
preferred OSI conformance testing methodology is black box testing and consequently does not take into
account any implementation details.
Figure 1 depicts the OSI coordinated test method.
TS
UT
ASPs
PCO Tester Supervisor
SUT
TCP logger
IUT
PCO
ASPs
LT

Key
SUT System Under Test
UT Upper Tester
IUT Implementation Under Test
LT Lower Tester
TCP Test Coordination Procedure
TS Test System
Figure 1 — The OSI coordinated test method

OSI conformance testing proposes many test methods suitable for different sorts of Implementation Under
Test (IUT), providing different points of control and observation.
The coordinated test method, is the most suitable for CAN devices, it provides a simple interface to the
Implementation Under Test, i.e. the CAN-Bus itself, and a flexible test coordination protocol using CAN
messages between the Lower Tester (LT) as part of the Test System and the Upper Tester (UT) in the
System Under Test. The Lower Tester controls and observes the Implementations Under Test lower service
boundary indirectly via the underlying service provider, using the Abstract Service Primitives (ASPs) of the
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
CAN protocol. The Upper Tester controls and observes the Implementations Under Test upper service
boundary. The Test Coordination Procedures (TCPs) ensure the cooperation between the Lower Tester and
the Upper Tester.
In case of CAN Transceiver with partial networking functionalities influencing variables from the upper tester
side are the digital CAN signals (RxD and TxD), host interface signals and I/O signals like INH or Wake. The
lower tester influencing variables are the analogue bus interface with the signals CAN_H and CAN_L and the
supply power. Figure 2 depicts the influencing variables on the IUT.
Host interface; CAN Rx Tx;
Wake; INH
(Host Interface, I/O)
IUT
CAN_H CAN_L; V ; V
BAT CC
(Bus Interface, Power)

Figure 2 — Influencing variables on IUT

To realise all services stimulating the IUT and recording the responses of the IUT regarding all influencing
variables, abstract logical devices are defined as followed.
Figure 3 depicts abstract logical devices of upper and lower tester.
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
CAN Recording
I/O device
digital device
ASPs
Host
UT
Interface
IUT TCP
LT
ASPs
CAN Recording
Supply
analog device
device

Figure 3 — Abstract logical devices of upper and lower tester
The OSI model divides a communication interface in seven logical layers which contain defined interfaces
from / to the upper or lower layer. Following the OSI coordinated test method the test system realises the
upper layer with help of the upper tester and the lower layer with help of the lower tester. For transceivers
without partial networking capability, the transceiver is implemented inside the logical layer 1 – the physical
layer with the lower interface as the CAN bus and the upper interface to the 2nd layer, known as the data link-
or protocol layer, with logical signals TxD and RxD. In case of a high speed CAN transceiver supporting partial
networking the IUT itself contains functionalities appropriate to the data link layer (partial networking
functionalities) and physical layer (typical transceiver functionalities). To follow the OSI coordinated test
method this test specification is split in a physical layer part, verifying the transceiver characteristics
appropriated to the OSI physical layer and a data link layer part, verifying the protocol implementation
necessary for partial networking functionalities.
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6 Organization
6.1 General organization
The abstract test suites of the TS are independent to one another. Each abstract test suite checks the
behaviour of the IUT for a particular parameter of the CAN specification ISO 11898-1. Each test case may be
executed one after another in any order or alone.
Test cases requiring variations of individual parameters have to be repeated for each value of the parameter.
Each repetition is named elementary test. A test case including different elementary tests is valid only if all
tests pass.
The result of executing a test case on an IUT should be the same whenever it is performed. To realize such
reproducibility of test results this specification is designed in the way to minimize the possibility that a test
case produces different test outcomes on different occasions. Therefore, test requirements which have to be
met and how the verdicts are to be assigned are defined in an unambiguous way.
6.2 Test case organization
6.2.1 Overview
Each elementary test is made of three states:
 Setup state;
 Test state;
 Verification state.
Before the first elementary test is started the IUT has to be initialised into the default state.
6.2.2 Setup state
The Setup state is a defined and explicitly entered and verified state in which the IUT has to be before
entering the test state. The IUT, unless otherwise specified, is configured with data determined by the test
frame that is being used (the test frame will cause a wake-up). The ID mask, unless otherwise specified, is
configured with must-care fields.
6.2.2.1 Default setup
Figure 4 describes the default setup for test which shall be applied unless otherwise specified in Setup of the
test case description. Furthermore, the setup information of the related device documentation shall be
followed.
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
R = 60Ω
Test
CAN CAN analog
RXD CAN_L
digital
Generation / Reception
TXD
CAN_H
IUT
Supply device
V
Bat
V / V
I/O CC
V V
Gnd

Figure 4 — Default setup for test
6.2.2.2 Default state
The Default state is characterised by the following default value:
 IUT power supply on;
 IUT configured to test bit rate;
 IUT set to Normal mode.
After the end of each Elementary test, the default state must be re-applied.
6.2.3 Test state
The time between two frames on the bus shall be, unless otherwise specified, at least 2 bits of idle after IMF.
The idle phase shall not be longer than t .
SILENCE(min)
6.2.4 Test frame definition for protocol related test cases
6.2.4.1 Elements of test frames
In the protocol related test cases the focus is on correct frame reception and handling. Therefore, test frames
or test pattern will be sent to the IUT. The test frames with 11-bit identifiers are structured as depicted in
Figure 5. The elements of the test frame are described below.
SOF ID RTR IDE r0 DLC Data CRC CRC_DEL ACK ACK_DEL EOF INTERM_#

Figure 5 — 11-bit CAN-ID format frame elements

Figure 6 depicts the structure of the test frames in extended frame format. The elements of the test frame are
described below.
SOF ID_1 SRR IDE ID_2 RTR r1 r0 DLC Data CRC CRC_DEL ACK ACK_DEL EOF INTERM_#

Figure 6 — 29-bit CAN-ID format frame elements

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ISO/DIS 16845-2
The elements and the default values are defined in Table 1:
Table 1 — Elements of test frames
Element Meaning Bit size Default value
SOF Start of frame 1 0
ID 11 bit Identifier 11 refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
RTR Remote transmission request 1 0 = data frame = default
1 = remote frame
SRR Substitute Remote Request 1 1
IDE Identifier extended bit 1 0 = 11 bit ID frame (default)
1 = 29 bit ID frame
r0 Reserved bit 0 1 0
DLC Data length code 4 refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
Data Data field 0 … 8 [Byte] refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
CRC Cyclic redundancy check 15 Correspond to data
CRC_DEL Cyclic redundancy check 1 1
delimiter
ACK Acknowledgement slot 1 refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
ACK_DEL ACK delimiter 1 1
EOF End of frame 7 1
IMF Intermission field 3 1
ID 11 or 29 bit identifier 11 or 29 refer to sub-clause 6.2.4.2
r1 Reserved bit 1 1 0

6.2.4.2 Default frame and parameter definition
Unless otherwise specified in the corresponding test case definition, the used test frame shall be as defined in
Table 2.
Table 2 — Definition of the default test frames
Frame format ID DLC Data ACK
11 bit ID 000h 1 01h 0
29 bit ID 00000000h 1 01h 0

Further default parameters which shall be used unless otherwise specified in the corresponding test case
definition:
 Used frame type: 11 bit identifier
 IUT configuration: corresponding to the used test frame (wake-up condition fulfilled)
 ID mask:  set all bits to care
 Data mask bit: if implemented, it shall be set to enable
 t :   8 recessive bits after intermission field
WAIT
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
6.2.4.3 Sync frame sequence
The sync frame sequence as it is used in several test cases shall be as defined in Table 3.
Table 3 — Definition of the sync frame sequence
Frame ID DLC Data
a 555h 1 FFh
1 to 5
a
9 in case of data rate > 500 kbit/s

The frame generator sends each sync frame without a dominant acknowledge field followed by an active error
flag.
6.3 Hierarchical structure of tests
6.3.1 Overview
All the Tests defined in the test plan are grouped into categories in order to aid planning, development,
understanding or execution of each test case. There are two levels of categories:
 the test groups;
 the test cases.
6.3.2 Test group structure
The test cases are grouped by different functional blocks of the IUT which will be verified separately. Each test
group consists of one or several test cases.
6.3.3 Test case structure
Each test case of a test group focuses one particular requirement which will be verified.
Each test case is defined by a specific number and a particular name in order to differentiate the test cases
and to easily summarise the goal of the test case.
Table 4 depicts the structure of the defined test cases.
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ISO/DIS 16845-2
Table 4 — Structure of the defined test cases
Number Test case number and short title of the test case
Short title
Purpose Short description of the purpose of the test case
Test The parameter definition of the test case
variables
[optional: elementary test case definition]
[optional: test frame sequence definition]
Setup Setup of the test case
Execution Test steps dealing with the setup being applied and what is observed and measured
Response Description about what is expected as the result
Reference Link to the requirement specification

6.3.4 Elementary tests
Some test cases may be subdivided into elementary tests which are repetitions of the test case for several
values of the focussed parameter to test. Each elementary test has its own parameter definition which is
defined in the Test variables of the test case definition.
6.3.5 Applicable test cases for devices with enhanced voltage biasing
It must be distinguished between devices which support the complete requirements or only the enhanced
biasing functionalities defined in ISO 11898-6. The following test cases are applicable for devices which
support only the enhanced voltage biasing compliant to ISO 11898-6.
Static test cases:  Test case 1 – Test case 25
Dynamic test cases: Test case 91 - Test case 98

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ISO/DIS 16845-2
7 Test cases
All defined test cases must be executed in accordance with the supported device specific bit rates defined in
the device datasheet.
In case the IUT supports other bit rates, the following scenarios are possible.
 If the IUT supports only one bit rate, then all test cases must be executed using this specific bit rate;
 If the IUT supports two bit rates, then all test cases must be executed with both bit rate;
 If the IUT supports more than two bit rates or a range of bit rates, then all test cases must be executed
considering the highest and the lowest bit rate, as well as a bit rate in-between.
If supported by the IUT, all test cases must be executed using a bit rate of 500 kbit/s.
7.1 Transceiver physical layer part
7.1.1 General
Due to the fact that the following test cases defined in sub-clause 7 will be checked by a static test, the
parameters given in the device data sheet shall be defined under the same conditions defined in the test case
definition and the corresponding references.
7.1.2 Static test cases
Table 5 — Test case 1
No. Requirement Min. Max. Unit
Test case 1 — There are two biasing conditions: Biasing to 2,5V or biasing to - - -
GND.

7.1.3 Maximum ratings
These test cases verify maximum ratings on V , V and optional split pins. Due to the potential
CAN_H CAN_L
damage after high loaded conditions; they should be executed first.

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Table 6 — Test case 2
Number Test case 2 — Maximum ratings V for V , V and optional V
.
max CAN_H CAN_L Split
Short title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure that the IUT shall not be damaged after
stressed with V on V , V and optional split pin (if implemented).
.
max CAN_H CAN_L
Test  Battery Voltage: refer to elementary test definition
variables
 t :  = 30 s
WAIT
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test V V
Bat max
#1 14 V 40 V
#2 28 V 58 V
#3 42 V 58 V

Setup Figure 7 depicts the measurement setup for test case 2
CAN_L
Supply
CAN_H
Split
V
Bat
(optional)
V
max.
=
=
Gnd

Figure 7 — Measurement setup for test case 2
Execution 1) Setup according to 'Test variables' and 'Setup' as shown above.
2) The test system holds the Voltage of V for a duration of t
.
max WAIT.
3) After test step 2, the IUT shall not be damaged due to the Voltage V .
max
4) After test step 2, the test system stimulates the IUT to drive recessive and
dominant output voltage.
Response The IUT shall be able to transmit and receive in conformance with ISO 11898-6.
The IUT shall be able to drive the split output voltage (if available) in conformance
with ISO 11898-6.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 7
Notes: This is a static test case.

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Table 7 — Test case 3
Number Test case 3 — Maximum ratings V for V , V and optional V
.
min CAN_H CAN_L Split
Short title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure that the IUT shall not be damaged after
stressed with V on V , V and optional split pin (if implemented).
.
min CAN_H CAN_L
Test  Battery Voltage: refer to elementary test definition
variables
 t :  = 30 s
WAIT
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test V V
Bat min
#1 14 V -27 V
#2 28 V -58 V
#3 42 V -58 V

Setup Figure 8 depicts the measurement setup for test case 3
CAN_L
Supply
CAN_H
Split
V
Bat
(optional)
V
min.
=
=
Gnd

Figure 8 — Measurement setup for test case 3
Execution 1) Setup according to 'Test variables' and 'Setup' as shown above.
2) The test system holds the Voltage of V for a duration of t .
.
min WAIT
3) After test step 2, the IUT shall not be damaged due to the voltage V
.
max
4) After test step 2, the test system stimulates the IUT to drive recessive and
dominant output voltage.
Response
 The IUT shall be able to transmit and receive in conformance with ISO 11898-6.
 The IUT shall be able to drive the split output voltage (if available) in
conformance with ISO 11898-6.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 7
Notes: This is a static test case.
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7.1.4 Transmitter part
7.1.4.1 Output bus voltages of CAN node
Table 8 — Test case 4
Number Test case 4 — Recessive output bus voltage V
CAN_H
Short title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure the CAN bus output voltage level of V in
CAN_H
recessive state.
Test  System state: refer to elementary test definition
variables
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test System state Value [V]
 min. max.
#1 Normal mode 2 3
#2 Low-power mode after t -0,1 0,1
SILENCE
expired

Setup Figure 9 depicts the measurement setup for test case 4
CAN_H
TxD
CAN_L
5 V =
V V V
V
CAN_L CAN_H
Gnd

Figure 9 — Measurement setup for test case 4
Execution The IUT is setup according to ‘Setup’ as shown above. The voltage of V is
CAN_H
measured.
Response The voltage shall conform to the values depicted in Test variables.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 8

Notes: This is a static test case.

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Table 9 — Test case 5
Number Test case 5 — Recessive output bus voltage V
CAN_L
Short title
Purpose The purpose of this test is to measure the CAN bus output voltage level of V in
CAN_L
recessive state.
Test  System state: refer to elementary test definition
variables
Elementary tests are defined as follows:
Test System state Value [V]
 min. max.
#1 Normal mode 2 3
#2 Low-power mode after t -0,1 0,1
SILENCE
expired

Setup Figure 10 depicts the measurement setup for test case 5
CAN_H
TxD
CAN_L
5 V =
V V V
V
CAN_L CAN_H
Gnd

Figure 10 — Measurement setup for test case 5
Execution The IUT is setup according to ‘Setup’ as shown above. The voltage of V is
CAN_L
measured.
Response The voltage shall conform to the values depicted in Test variables.
Reference ISO 11898-5, Table 8
Notes: This is a static test case.

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Table 10 — Test case 6
Number Test case 6 — Recessive differ
...