ISO/IEC 23090-5:2025

Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 5: Visual volumetric video-based coding (V3C) and video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC)

This document specifies the syntax, semantics, and decoding for visual volumetric media using video‑based coding methods. Furthermore, this document specifies processes that may be needed for reconstruction of visual volumetric media, and may also include additional processes such as post‑decoding, pre-reconstruction, post‑reconstruction, and adaptation.

Technologie de l'information — Représentation codée de média immersifs — Partie 5: Codage basé sur la vidéo volumétrique (V3C) et compression de nuage de points basée sur la vidéo (V-PCC)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Mar-2025
• ICS: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 7 - MPEG 3D Graphics coding

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 23090-5:2023 - Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 5: Visual volumetric video-based coding (V3C) and video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC)
• Effective Date: 17-Feb-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 23090-5
Third edition
Information technology — Coded
2025-03
representation of immersive media —
Part 5:
Visual volumetric video-based
coding (V3C) and video-based point
cloud compression (V-PCC)
Technologie de l'information — Représentation codée de média
immersifs —
Partie 5: Codage basé sur la vidéo volumétrique (V3C) et
compression de nuage de points basée sur la vidéo (V-PCC)
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2025
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Published in Switzerland
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms .15
5 Conventions . 16
5.1 General .16
5.2 Arithmetic operators .16
5.3 Logical operators .17
5.4 Relational operators .17
5.5 Bit-wise operators .17
5.6 Assignment operators .18
5.7 Other operators .18
5.8 Mathematical functions .18
5.9 Order of operation precedence .19
5.10 Variables, syntax elements, and tables .19
5.11 Text description of logical operations .21
5.12 Processes . 22
6 Overall V3C characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes .22
6.1 V3C characteristics . 22
6.2 V3C bitstream characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 25
7 Bitstream format, partitioning, and scanning processes .26
7.1 General . 26
7.2 V3C bitstream formats . 26
7.3 NAL bitstream formats .27
7.4 Partitioning of atlas frames into tiles .27
8 Syntax and semantics .28
8.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . . 28
8.1.1 General . 28
8.1.2 Example of the syntax specification format . 28
8.2 Specification of syntax functions and descriptors . 29
8.3 Syntax in tabular form .31
8.3.1 General .31
8.3.2 V3C unit syntax . 33
8.3.3 Byte alignment syntax . 34
8.3.4 V3C parameter set syntax . 34
8.3.5 NAL unit syntax . . 40
8.3.6 Raw byte sequence payloads, trailing bits, and byte alignment syntax . 40
8.3.7 Atlas tile data unit syntax .47
8.3.8 Supplemental enhancement information message syntax .52
8.4 Semantics .52
8.4.1 General .52
8.4.2 V3C unit semantics .52
8.4.3 Byte alignment semantics . 55
8.4.4 V3C parameter set semantics . 55
8.4.5 NAL unit semantics . 64
8.4.6 Raw byte sequence payloads, trailing bits, and byte alignment semantics .74
8.4.7 Atlas tile data unit semantics . 89
8.4.8 Supplemental enhancement information message semantics . 97
9 Decoding process .97

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
9.1 General decoding process . 97
9.2 Atlas data decoding process . 98
9.2.1 General atlas data decoding process . 98
9.2.2 Decoding process for a coded atlas frame . 99
9.2.3 Atlas NAL unit decoding process . 100
9.2.4 Atlas tile header decoding process . 100
9.2.5 Decoding process for patch data units . 105
9.2.6 Decoding process of the block to patch map . 121
9.2.7 Conversion of tile level patch information to atlas level patch information . 122
9.3 Occupancy video decoding process . 124
9.4 Geometry video decoding process . 125
9.5 Attribute video decoding process .128
9.6 Packed video decoding process . 130
9.7 Common atlas data decoding process. 131
9.7.1 General common atlas data decoding process. 131
9.7.2 Decoding process for a coded common atlas frame . 132
9.7.3 Common atlas NAL unit decoding process . . 132
9.7.4 Common atlas frame order count derivation process . . 132
9.8 Sub-bitstream extraction process .134
9.8.1 General .134
9.8.2 V3C unit extraction .134
9.8.3 NAL unit extraction process .
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