ISO 13009:2015
(Main)Tourism and related services — Requirements and recommendations for beach operation
Tourism and related services — Requirements and recommendations for beach operation
ISO 13009:2015 establishes general requirements and recommendations for beach operators that offer tourist and visitor services. It provides guidance for both beach operators and users regarding the delivery of sustainable management and planning, beach ownership, sustainable infrastructure and service provision needs, including beach safety, information and communication, cleaning and waste removal. ISO 13009:2015 is applicable to beaches during the bathing season.
Tourisme et services connexes — Exigences et recommandations pour les opérations de plage
L'ISO 13009:2015 établit les exigences et recommandations générales pour les exploitants de plages qui offrent des services aux touristes et aux visiteurs. Elle fournit des recommandations à la fois pour les exploitants de plages et les utilisateurs concernant la mise en ?uvre d'un management et d'une planification durables, la propriété des plages, les infrastructures durables et les besoins en matière de prestation de services, y compris la sécurité des plages, l'information et la communication, le nettoyage et l'enlèvement des déchets. L'ISO 13009:2015 est applicable aux plages pendant la saison de baignade.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13009
First edition
2015-01-15
Tourism and related services —
Requirements and recommendations
for beach operation
Tourisme et services connexes — Exigences et recommandations pour
les opérations de plage
Reference number
ISO 13009:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements and guidance for managing beaches . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Benefits of standard compliance . 4
4.3 Linking beach operation with hazard management . 5
4.4 Beach ownership . 5
4.5 Planning . 6
4.6 Stakeholder communication . 8
4.7 Promoting the beach . 8
4.8 Performance measurement. 9
4.9 Customer satisfaction and feedback compilation . 9
5 Infrastructure . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Permanent infrastructure .10
5.3 Temporary infrastructure .12
5.4 Access to the beach .12
6 Service provision .13
6.1 Information services .13
6.2 Beach safety services .16
6.3 Beach cleaning and waste removal .22
6.4 Commercial services .24
Annex A (informative) Carrying capacity concept .26
Annex B (informative) Bathing water quality .27
Annex C (normative) Check list of minimum requirements for services and infrastructure .28
Annex D (informative) Examples of beach shade materials .31
Annex E (informative) Lost and found persons .33
Bibliography .35
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 228, Tourism and related
services.
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
Introduction
At present, there are no specific standards for beaches and very little guidance for beach management
to help operators determine and plan for beach management. As a result, many beaches have not been
developed or managed in a sustainable way, resulting in some loss of the natural beauty of the site and,
consequently, a negative beach user experience. This International Standard seeks to provide guidance
in helping to establish international benchmarks for beach management and safety.
The aim of this International Standard is to help beach operators make better-informed decisions about
managing the beaches for which they are responsible, using a consistent approach based on best practice.
In addition to general beach organization, this International Standard includes other important aspects,
such as providing education and information on beach safety, signage, access and zoning, supervision
and rescue, water quality and beach facilities.
Every beach is unique and has its own characteristics. A particular beach could be defined as a low
activity beach for the majority of the year, but classified as high activity beach for two weeks of the year
(e.g. during a high season or a carnival period), thus requiring a different management approach to be
adopted and temporary features to be added. This International Standard covers both high activity
beaches and low activity beaches, without a clear segregation of beach type.
The beach operator can apply specific features of this International Standard to a particular beach, as
stipulated in the results of a beach risk assessment exercise. The beach risk assessment exercise is a
simple way to help review the management and safety issues for each beach.
In order to determine how to implement this International Standard, it is intended that a robust risk
management process is used which highlights the risks and hazards present at each beach and which
identifies the appropriate control measures required to reduce the likelihood of frequency or impact
(see Clause 6). The risk assessment also identifies the beach type (i.e. high activity beach or low activity
beach).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13009:2015(E)
Tourism and related services — Requirements and
recommendations for beach operation
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes general requirements and recommendations for beach operators
that offer tourist and visitor services. It provides guidance for both beach operators and users regarding
the delivery of sustainable management and planning, beach ownership, sustainable infrastructure and
service provision needs, including beach safety, information and communication, cleaning and waste
removal.
This International Standard is applicable to beaches during the bathing season.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7001, Graphical symbols — Public information symbols
ISO 20712-1, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 1: Specifications for water safety signs used
in workplaces and public areas
ISO 20712-2, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 2: Specifications for beach safety flags —
Colour, shape, meaning and performance
ISO 20712-3, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 3: Guidance for use
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible beach
beach (3.3) that fulfils a number of requirements which make it safe to use by people with specific needs
3.2
bathing season
period of the year in which beach services (3.13) are available and a significant presence of bathers is
foreseen, taking into account local factors and risk assessment
Note 1 to entry: See 6.2 for information on risk assessment.
3.3
beach
natural or artificial area, formed by sand, gravel, pebble, rock or another material, that facilitates access
to the water and the bathing area where leisure activities are carried out and where services (3.13) are
provided by the beach operator (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: This does not include promenades, pedestrian paths or similar that are joined to, or adjacent to,
the beach.
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
3.4
beach operator
organization (3.11) assigned to manage and inspect aspects related to a beach (3.3), including its public
management, as well as its scope of influence
Note 1 to entry: The beach operator can be the local authority, or any organization that has been legally assigned
to the management of the beach.
3.5
carrying capacity
maximum number of users (3.16) who can access and be accommodated on a beach (3.3) or in the water,
within a given period of time
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for additional information.
3.6
emergency services controller
appropriate and competent person who coordinates coastal emergencies or plans and liaises with
external agencies
Note 1 to entry: External agencies include the police, fire service, ambulance, coastguard, military, civil protection
or lifeguards.
Note 2 to entry: An agency or service normally has legal status for coordinating coastal-based emergencies.
3.7
environment
conditions in which an organization (3.11) operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora,
fauna, human beings and their inter-relationships
3.8
first aid
emergency procedures aimed at maintaining vital functions whilst ensuring that the condition of a
person who is wounded, unconscious or whose life is in danger is not aggravated, until he or she receives
more qualified assistance
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 21102:2013, 2.9]
3.9
high activity beach
beach (3.3) where recreation and commercial activities occur frequently
Note 1 to entry: High activity is due to ease of access, availability of facilities, traditional use or where the beach
is well advertised/supervised for enjoyment by users (3.16).
3.10
low activity beach
beach (3.3) where recreation and commercial activities occur rarely
Note 1 to entry: Low activity is mostly due to either poor beach access issues or proximity to settlements.
3.11
organization
group of people and facilities with an arrangement of responsibilities, authorities and relationships
EXAMPLE Company, corporation, firm, enterprise, institution, charity, sole trader, association, or parts or
combination thereof.
Note 1 to entry: Note1 to entry: The arrangement is generally orderly.
Note 2 to entry: An organization can be public or private.
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
Note 3 to entry: This definition is valid for the purposes of quality management system standards. The term
“organization” is defined differently in ISO/IEC Guide 2.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, 3.3.1]
3.12
rescue service
agency or organization (3.11) with trained and equipped personnel that can respond immediately to
coastal-based emergencies
Note 1 to entry: Rescue services include the police, fire service, ambulance, coastguard, military, civil protection
or lifeguards.
3.13
service
provision specifically to individuals or groups of individuals in order to facilitate activities of public use
Note 1 to entry: A service usually requires the support of specific installations, even though in some cases it can
function without them.
3.14
supplier
organization (3.11) or person providing a product or service (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: Products and services include concessions and contracts.
3.15
surveillance tower
surveillance point
facility on or near the beach (3.3) at locations that allow trained personnel to have good observation of,
and quick access to, the beach and water in order to perform a rescue or to inform the users (3.16) of
hazards
Note 1 to entry: Lifeguards and wardens are trained personnel.
3.16
user
person who visits the beach (3.3) for leisure or for work
Note 1 to entry: Users can be visitors, tourists, workers and local residents.
4 General requirements and guidance for managing beaches
4.1 General
Coasts around the world face increasing demands to cater for a wide range of recreational activities,
with millions of tourists visiting coastal areas each year. Tourism is the world’s third largest industry
and the primary economic sector in many regions. As a result, there is increasing competition for the
use of resources in coastal waters and beach areas.
Beach activities are becoming more varied, ranging from para-karting to power boating; swimming to
sailing and from horse riding to beach barbequing. Many activities, particularly those involving more
active participation, require some form of management to reduce potential conflict between different
user groups, and trying to cater for such a diverse range of activities can cause difficulties. Not only do
conflicts need to be resolved between different users, but differences between locals and tourists also
need to be considered. The requirements of local residents differ from those of tourists, and balancing
their respective needs is a major contributory factor in successful beach use and management.
Beaches can have several uses, including:
— recreation and leisure;
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
— coast protection;
— sporting activities;
— educational events, socio-cultural, religious or sporting;
— nature conservation;
— fishing and collecting shellfish;
— military activities.
Safety and security are increasingly important issues on beaches, and beach operators and local
authorities now pay closer attention to the physical safety of individuals and the protection of the
natural environment
It is not possible to have easy access to each beach, but all beaches should be made as accessible as
possible. Wherever feasible, all beach equipment and facilities provided should be made accessible to all
users, including to people with specific needs (e.g. by providing parking with designated places, sanitary
services, first aid services, bars and restaurants, and practical information at the beach entrance).
4.2 Benefits of standard compliance
4.2.1 Benefits
There are sustainable benefits associated with this International Standard. Its value to tourist
destinations is not only to help beach operators improve the beach experience for users, but also to help
improve the economic and social fabric of beach resorts and local coastal communities as a whole. This
International Standard seeks to:
a) provide consistency and credibility to beach management issues;
b) improve the visibility of beach issues within policy setting on coastal-related legislation and
regulation;
c) harmonize national practices into global systems;
d) improve understanding and information of beach risks and issues;
e) increase recreation and access to beaches and near-shore waters;
f) encourage monitoring and evaluation;
g) provide information on the general environmental management on the beach;
h) contribute to the growing public awareness of, and commitment to sustainable development;
i) contribute to beach environmental protection;
j) improve the tourist experience and the satisfaction of the users by providing a quality service, in
order to build customer loyalty and increase the tourism demand of the destination and therefore
the economic growth for the region.
4.2.2 Risks
There are many potential risks in maintaining the status quo and not undertaking a standards-based
approach to managing beaches, such as the following examples.
a) Economic impact:
— lose out to neighbouring competition;
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
— poor beach tourism development planning: insensitive landscaping, views to the sea and badly-
designed coastal engineering structures;
— investment in the tourism product reduced;
— negative portrayal in the media;
— poorly managed facilities and equipment.
b) Social implications:
— not meeting users expectations;
— health and safety: accidents and illness;
— residents staying away from the beach: perceptions challenged;
— reputation for criminal and nuisance activity;
— poor planning management;
— pollution.
4.3 Linking beach operation with hazard management
This International Standard considers how best to instil appropriate beach designs into climate change
adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies. For example, coastal flooding and erosion will continue
to occur as the frequency of severe flooding events is likely to increase with the onset of climate change
and increased storminess. Beach infrastructure damage, however, often only occurs when one exposes
items of value to coastal processes (e.g. building too close to high tide mark). The lack of formal building
regulation and development control is a significant issue, especially with regard to the appropriate
construction of beach facilities.
In addition to building regulation, codes of practice in general are a recommended way forward to help
developers design and manage beaches for specific beach recreational and water based activities. Any
code of practice produced should be scientifically justifiable, and so where additional evidence-based
and/or fact finding studies are needed (i.e. beach hazard risk assessment work, see 4.5), this should be
clearly outlined as a requirement prior to production of the code of practice.
The beach operator should develop a code of practice which can include recommendations on:
a) beach access design manual;
b) beach facilities (comfort services) building and design manual;
c) development control on beach (setback) area;
d) beach conservation;
e) establishing and regulating zones on beaches;
f) placement, maintenance and management of public rescue equipment and facilities;
g) beach safety information;
h) effective beach management and maintenance.
4.4 Beach ownership
Clarity is needed on beach ownership, responsibility and other regulatory measures. If beaches are
deemed as public, this shall be clearly communicated by the beach operator, even if a beach lies in front
of a hotel, which means that users can (in theory) frequent every beach. As a general approach, it is the
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
beach operator’s responsibility to gain clarity on whether any part of the beach could be purchased or
leased by third-party (private) operators.
4.5 Planning
4.5.1 Identification of health risks
The beach operator shall establish, update, review annually and maintain a documented procedure to
identify direct or indirect health risks related to beach activities, services, installations and resources
that could have an impact on the health and well-being of users. The identification of possible health
risks to beach users shall include groups of risks associated with the following:
— drinkable water supply points;
— the cleanliness of the beach surface;
— the quality of bathing water (measured, recorded and presented in accordance with
national/international best practices (see Annex B));
— tidal conditions regarding sanitary risks;
— heavy rains causing flooding, flow of discharged water and material onto the beach, temporary
poor water quality;
— the physical characteristics of the beach (e.g. surfaces, man-made structures, rocks);
— coastal erosion and flooding;
— flora and fauna including marine life;
— installations and equipment associated with services provided at the beach;
— basic safety information and warnings.
The result of applying each criterion set out in the above list shall be based on objective evidence that
allows verification of the results of any evaluation carried out.
The bathing water quality should comply with the quality guidelines defined by the World Health
Organization (WHO) (see Reference [7]).
4.5.2 Emergency planning
The beach operator shall:
a) establish and document specific plans for emergency situations in order to prevent and reduce the
impact and risks that are associated with them; these plans shall include:
— identification of resources to address emergency situations;
— identification and definition of responsibilities and authorities related to the responses in these
situations;
b) have the emergency response plan from stakeholders and establish systems to coordinate with
them;
c) have the necessary resources to address emergency plans;
d) check and record the effectiveness of the emergency plans in a practice exercise each year and every
time that an accident or emergency situation arises, and revise them accordingly;
e) communicate the updated emergency plan to the emergency services controller.
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
4.5.3 Beach operation, organization plan and maintenance
In accordance with the defined scope, a beach operation and organization plan shall be established. It
shall include the following, as a minimum:
a) definition of the different bathing and non-bathing seasons;
b) uses and organization of the beach in different seasons, emphasizing the bathing season;
c) uses and organization of the bathing area (e.g. buoys, motorboats and floating platforms);
d) identification, use and organization of access points;
e) national/local regulations that define the possible uses and conditions in which any activity (bars,
open-air eating places, bans, different signs) shall be carried out;
f) zoning studies for tourist use and the carrying capacity of the beach (see Annex A).
Regarding maintenance, the beach operator shall:
— designate a person who (in addition to any other functions) shall have the task of ensuring that the
infrastructure that exists at the beach is maintained in a good state;
— designate a supplier to carry out the maintenance of any installations at the beach, ensuring that
the instructions established to attain the levels of quality and service indicated in this International
Standard are respected;
— maintain beach cleanliness;
— maintain the beach installations and equipment in good condition for use and establish necessary
activities that permanently ensure their correct operation and conservation;
— periodically revise and record the maintenance activities to ensure the correct operating status of
the installations and equipment (whenever possible, these should be checked during cleaning and
special attention should be paid to preventative maintenance activities).
Any anomalies detected by beach users shall lead to an evaluation, repair, removal or replacement of the
required element, ensuring the good safety and hygiene conditions of the services provided.
All personnel that carry out maintenance work on the beach shall be adequately qualified and the beach
operator shall ensure that they have sufficient material resources to perform the activities correctly.
Maintenance personnel in contact with beach users shall be uniformed and easily identified, and
informed of the rules of courtesy for customer attention.
Together with the person responsible for maintenance, the beach operator shall define the necessary
indicators to be used to monitor the level of the service provided and the level of satisfaction perceived
by the user.
The beach operator shall have a maintenance and monitoring plan that:
— includes all installations and equipment at the beach, whether mobile or fixed;
— ensures they are in good condition for their intended use;
— provides for adapting them to the expectations of the users;
— includes maintenance routines and frequencies (daily, weekly, monthly, annual activities);
— incorporates the verification process of the operations carried out;
— includes the conditions that could arise from the characteristic environmental situations at each
beach.
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ISO 13009:2015(E)
Preventative maintenance tasks shall be carried out preferably during periods of low activity at the
beach. Activities that have to be carried out for imperative reasons (corrective maintenance) during
times of high activity shall be announced and indicated, offering users alternative uses.
A corrective maintenance system
...
ISO 13009
Tourism
and related
services
Requirements
and recommendations
for beach operation
First edition
2015-01-15
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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ii
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ISO 13009:2015
Executive summary
• Tourism is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world and a key
driver for socio-economic progress. According to the World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO), in 2014 international tourism arrivals grew by 4,7% over the previous
year to 1,138 billion tourists, while the tourism industry accounted for 9% GDP
(direct, indirect and induced), one out of every 11 jobs and 6% of the world’s exports.
• Considering the important impact tourism has on their economies, countries have
much to gain from ensuring that visitors have a pleasant experience.
• ISO 13009 is the first specific standard for beaches. Before its publication, there
was very little guidance to help beach operators determine and plan for beach
management. As a result, many beaches have not been developed or managed in a
sustainable way, often creating a negative experience for beach users.
• ISO 13009 seeks to provide guidance in helping to establish international
benchmarks for beach management and safety. By using it, beach operators will be
able to make better-informed decisions about managing the beaches for which they
are responsible, using a consistent approach based on best practice.
• Beach operators can apply specific features of ISO 13009, depending on the type of
beach concerned, or whether it is a high or low activity beach (which might change
at different times of the year).
• In addition to general beach organization, it includes other important aspects, such
as providing education and information on beach safety, signage, access and zoning,
supervision and rescue, water quality and beach facilities.
iii
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ISO 13009:2015
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 General requirements and guidance for managing beaches .4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Benefits of standard compliance .5
4.2.1 Benefits .5
4.2.2 Risks .5
4.3 Linking beach operation with hazard management .6
4.4 Beach ownership .6
4.5 Planning .7
4.5.1 Identification of health risks .7
4.5.2 Emergency planning .7
4.5.3 Beach operation, organization plan and maintenance.8
4.6 Stakeholder communication .10
4.7 Promoting the beach .10
4.8 Performance measurement.11
4.9 Customer satisfaction and feedback compilation .11
5 Infrastructure . 11
5.1 General .11
5.2 Permanent infrastructure .12
5.2.1 Sanitary services .12
5.2.2 Drinking water .14
5.2.3 Lockers and changing facilities .14
5.3 Temporary infrastructure .14
5.3.1 Beach shade.14
5.3.2 Beach infrastructure .14
5.4 Access to the beach .15
5.4.1 General.15
5.4.2 Responsibilities .15
5.4.3 General requirements concerning accessibility .15
5.4.4 Car park .16
5.4.5 Prohibitive vehicle access .16
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ISO 13009:2015
6 Service provision . 16
6.1 Information services .16
6.1.1 Information about the services provided at the beach .16
6.1.2 Tourist information .18
6.1.3 Tariffs and levies .18
6.1.4 Information about codes of conduct .18
6.1.5 Information about safety .18
6.1.6 Sanitary/environmental information .19
6.2 Beach safety services .19
6.2.1 General.19
6.2.2 Responsibilities .20
6.2.3 General requirements .21
6.2.4 Planning and monitoring risk .21
6.2.5 Control measures .22
6.2.6 Signage, flags and zoning .22
6.2.7 Lifeguards and first aid services .24
6.2.8 Public rescue equipment and emergency communications .26
6.2.9 Beach evacuations and closure .27
6.3 Beach cleaning and waste removal .27
6.3.1 General.27
6.3.2 Planning requirements .27
6.3.3 Cleaning installations and equipment .28
6.3.4 Waste disposal, collection and recycling .29
6.4 Commercial services .30
6.4.1 General.30
6.4.2 Food and drink.31
6.4.3 Sunbeds and sunshades .31
6.4.4 Sports and leisure activities .31
Annex A (informative) Carrying capacity concept . 32
Annex B (informative) Bathing water quality . 34
Annex C (normative) Check list of minimum requirements for services
and infrastructure . 35
Annex D (informative) Examples of beach shade materials . 38
Annex E (informative) Lost and found persons . 41
Bibliography . 44
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ISO 13009:2015
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further
maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different
approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This
document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of
the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users
and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related
to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO
principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword -
Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 228,
Tourism and related services.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13009:2015
Introduction
At present, there are no specific standards for beaches and very little guidance for beach
management to help operators determine and plan for beach management. As a result,
many beaches have not been developed or managed in a sustainable way, resulting in
some loss of the natural beauty of the site and, consequently, a negative beach user
experience. This International Standard seeks to provide guidance in helping to establish
international benchmarks for beach management and safety.
The aim of this International Standard is to help beach operators make better-informed
decisions about managing the beaches for which they are responsible, using a consistent
approach based on best practice. In addition to general beach organization, this
International Standard includes other important aspects, such as providing education
and information on beach safety, signage, access and zoning, supervision and rescue,
water quality and beach facilities.
Every beach is unique and has its own characteristics. A particular beach could be
defined as a low activity beach for the majority of the year, but classified as high activity
beach for two weeks of the year (e.g. during a high season or a carnival period), thus
requiring a different management approach to be adopted and temporary features to be
added. This International Standard covers both high activity beaches and low activity
beaches, without a clear segregation of beach type.
The beach operator can apply specific features of this International Standard to a
particular beach, as stipulated in the results of a beach risk assessment exercise. The
beach risk assessment exercise is a simple way to help review the management and
safety issues for each beach.
In order to determine how to implement this International Standard, it is intended that a
robust risk management process is used which highlights the risks and hazards present
at each beach and which identifies the appropriate control measures required to reduce
the likelihood of frequency or impact (see Clause 6). The risk assessment also identifies
the beach type (i.e. high activity beach or low activity beach).
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ISO 13009:2015
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes general requirements and recommendations
for beach operators that offer tourist and visitor services. It provides guidance for
both beach operators and users regarding the delivery of sustainable management and
planning, beach ownership, sustainable infrastructure and service provision needs,
including beach safety, information and communication, cleaning and waste removal.
This International Standard is applicable to beaches during the bathing season.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited
applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
ISO 7001, Graphical symbols — Public information symbols
ISO 20712-1, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 1: Specifications for water
safety signs used in workplaces and public areas
ISO 20712-2, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 2: Specifications for beach
safety flags — Colour, shape, meaning and performance
ISO 20712-3, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 3: Guidance for use
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible beach
beach (3.3) that fulfils a number of requirements which make it safe to use by people
with specific needs
3.2
bathing season
period of the year in which beach services (3.13) are available and a significant presence
of bathers is foreseen, taking into account local factors and risk assessment
Note 1 to entry: See 6.2 for information on risk assessment.
3.3
beach
natural or artificial area, formed by sand, gravel, pebble, rock or another material, that
facilitates access to the water and the bathing area where leisure activities are carried
out and where services (3.13) are provided by the beach operator (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: This does not include promenades, pedestrian paths or similar that are joined
to, or adjacent to, the beach.
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ISO 13009:2015
3.4
beach operator
organization (3.11) assigned to manage and inspect aspects related to a beach (3.3),
including its public management, as well as its scope of influence
Note 1 to entry: The beach operator can be the local authority, or any organization that has
been legally assigned to the management of the beach.
3.5
carrying capacity
maximum number of users (3.16) who can access and be accommodated on a beach (3.3)
or in the water, within a given period of time
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for additional information.
3.6
emergency services controller
appropriate and competent person who coordinates coastal emergencies or plans and
liaises with external agencies
Note 1 to entry: External agencies include the police, fire service, ambulance, coastguard,
military, civil protection or lifeguards.
Note 2 to entry: An agency or service normally has legal status for coordinating coastal-based
emergencies.
3.7
environment
conditions in which an organization (3.11) operates, including air, water, land, natural
resources, flora, fauna, human beings and their inter-relationships
3.8
first aid
emergency procedures aimed at maintaining vital functions whilst ensuring that the
condition of a person who is wounded, unconscious or whose life is in danger is not
aggravated, until he or she receives more qualified assistance
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 21102:2013, 2.9]
3.9
high activity beach
beach (3.3) where recreation and commercial activities occur frequently
Note 1 to entry: High activity is due to ease of access, availability of facilities, traditional use or
where the beach is well advertised/supervised for enjoyment by users (3.16).
3.10
low activity beach
beach (3.3) where recreation and commercial activities occur rarely
Note 1 to entry: Low activity is mostly due to either poor beach access issues or proximity to
settlements.
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ISO 13009:2015
3.11
organization
group of people and facilities with an arrangement of responsibilities, authorities and
relationships
EXAMPLE Company, corporation, firm, enterprise, institution, charity, sole trader,
association, or parts or combination thereof.
Note 1 to entry: The arrangement is generally orderly.
Note 2 to entry: An organization can be public or private.
Note 3 to entry: This definition is valid for the purposes of quality management system
standards. The term “organization” is defined differently in ISO/IEC Guide 2.
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, 3.3.1]
3.12
rescue service
agency or organization (3.11) with trained and equipped personnel that can respond
immediately to coastal-based emergencies
Note 1 to entry: Rescue services include the police, fire service, ambulance, coastguard, military,
civil protection or lifeguards.
3.13
service
provision specifically to individuals or groups of individuals in order to facilitate
activities of public use
Note 1 to entry: A service usually requires the support of specific installations, even though in
some cases it can function without them.
3.14
supplier
organization (3.11) or person providing a product or service (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: Products and services include concessions and contracts.
3.15
surveillance tower
surveillance point
facility on or near the beach (3.3) at locations that allow trained personnel to have good
observation of, and quick access to, the beach and water in order to perform a rescue or
to inform the users (3.16) of hazards
Note 1 to entry: Lifeguards and wardens are trained personnel.
3.16
user
person who visits the beach (3.3) for leisure or for work
Note 1 to entry: Users can be visitors, tourists, workers and local residents.
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ISO 13009:2015
4 General requirements and guidance for managing
beaches
4.1 General
Coasts around the world face increasing demands to cater for a wide range of recreational
activities, with millions of tourists visiting coastal areas each year. Tourism is the
world’s third largest industry and the primary economic sector in many regions. As a
result, there is increasing competition for the use of resources in coastal waters and
beach areas.
Beach activities are becoming more varied, ranging from para-karting to power
boating; swimming to sailing and from horse riding to beach barbequing. Many
activities, particularly those involving more active participation, require some form of
management to reduce potential conflict between different user groups, and trying to
cater for such a diverse range of activities can cause difficulties. Not only do conflicts
need to be resolved between different users, but differences between locals and tourists
also need to be considered. The requirements of local residents differ from those of
tourists, and balancing their respective needs is a major contributory factor in successful
beach use and management.
Beaches can have several uses, including:
— recreation and leisure;
— coast protection;
— sporting activities;
— educational events, socio-cultural, religious or sporting;
— nature conservation;
— fishing and collecting shellfish;
— military activities.
Safety and security are increasingly important issues on beaches, and beach operators
and local authorities now pay closer attention to the physical safety of individuals and
the protection of the natural environment
It is not possible to have easy access to each beach, but all beaches should be made as
accessible as possible. Wherever feasible, all beach equipment and facilities provided
should be made accessible to all users, including to people with specific needs (e.g. by
providing parking with designated places, sanitary services, first aid services, bars and
restaurants, and practical information at the beach entrance).
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ISO 13009:2015
4.2 Benefits of standard compliance
4.2.1 Benefits
There are sustainable benefits associated with this International Standard. Its value to
tourist destinations is not only to help beach operators improve the beach experience
for users, but also to help improve the economic and social fabric of beach resorts and
local coastal communities as a whole. This International Standard seeks to:
a) provide consistency and credibility to beach management issues;
b) improve the visibility of beach issues within policy setting on coastal-related
legislation and regulation;
c) harmonize national practices into global systems;
d) improve understanding and information of beach risks and issues;
e) increase recreation and access to beaches and near-shore waters;
f) encourage monitoring and evaluation;
g) provide information on the general environmental management on the beach;
h) contribute to the growing public awareness of, and commitment to sustainable
development;
i) contribute to beach environmental protection;
j) improve the tourist experience and the satisfaction of the users by providing a
quality service, in order to build customer loyalty and increase the tourism demand
of the destination and therefore the economic growth for the region.
4.2.2 Risks
There are many potential risks in maintaining the status quo and not undertaking a
standards-based approach to managing beaches, such as the following examples.
a) Economic impact:
— lose out to neighbouring competition;
— poor beach tourism development planning: insensitive landscaping, views to
the sea and badly-designed coastal engineering structures;
— investment in the tourism product reduced;
— negative portrayal in the media;
— poorly managed facilities and equipment.
b) Social implications:
— not meeting users expectations;
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ISO 13009:2015
— health and safety: accidents and illness;
— residents staying away from the beach: perceptions challenged;
— reputation for criminal and nuisance acti
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 13009
Première édition
2015-01-15
Tourisme et services connexes —
Exigences et recommandations pour
les opérations de plage
Tourism and related services — Requirements and recommendations
for beach operation
Numéro de référence
ISO 13009:2015(F)
©
ISO 2015
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ISO 13009:2015(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2015
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 13009:2015(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos . iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d’application .1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions .1
4 Exigences et recommandations générales relatives au management des plages .4
4.1 Généralités .4
4.2 Bénéfices de la conformité à la norme .4
4.3 Lien entre l’exploitation de la plage et le management du risque .6
4.4 Propriété des plages .6
4.5 Planification.7
4.6 Communication avec les parties prenantes .9
4.7 Promotion de la plage . 10
4.8 Mesure des performances . 10
4.9 Recueil de la satisfaction et des retours d’informations des clients . 10
5 Infrastructure . 11
5.1 Généralités . 11
5.2 Infrastructure permanente . 11
5.3 Infrastructure temporaire. 13
5.4 Accès à la plage . 14
6 Prestation de services . 15
6.1 Services d’information . 15
6.2 Services de sécurité de la plage . 18
6.3 Nettoyage de la plage et enlèvement des déchets . 24
6.4 Services commerciaux . 27
Annexe A (informative) Concept de capacité d’occupation . 29
Annexe B (informative) Qualité des eaux de baignade . 30
Annexe C (normative) Liste de contrôle des exigences minimales relatives aux services et
aux infrastructures . 31
Annexe D (informative) Exemples de matériaux d’ombrage sur les plages . 34
Annexe E (informative) Personnes disparues et trouvées . 36
Bibliographie . 38
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ISO 13009:2015(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le
droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet
de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour
responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails
concernant les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés
lors de l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations
de brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation
de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de l'ISO aux principes de l'OMC
concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: Avant-propos —
Informations supplémentaires.
Le comité chargé de l'élaboration du présent document est l'ISO/TC 228, Services touristiques.
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ISO 13009:2015(F)
Introduction
Actuellement, il n’existe pas de normes spécifiques pour les plages et il existe très peu de lignes
directrices pour le management des plages permettant d’aider les exploitants à déterminer et planifier
le management des plages. Par conséquent, de nombreuses plages n’ont pas été développées ni gérées
de façon durable, entraînant une certaine dégradation de la beauté naturelle du site et, par là-même,
une mauvaise expérience des utilisateurs de la plage. La présente Norme internationale vise à fournir
des recommandations afin de faciliter l’établissement de points de référence internationaux pour le
management et la sécurité des plages.
Le but de la présente Norme internationale est d’aider les exploitants de plages à prendre des décisions
plus éclairées concernant le management des plages dont ils ont la charge, grâce à une approche
cohérente basée sur de bonnes pratiques. En plus de l’aménagement général des plages, la présente
Norme internationale inclut d’autres aspects importants tels que la fourniture d’éducation et
d’information concernant la sécurité des plages, la signalisation, l’accès et le zonage, la surveillance et
les secours, la qualité de l’eau et les installations de plage.
Chaque plage est unique et possède ses propres caractéristiques. Une plage particulière peut être
définie comme une plage de faible activité la majorité de l’année, mais classée comme une plage de forte
activité pendant deux semaines de l’année (par exemple, en haute saison ou à l’occasion d’une fête
foraine), nécessitant par conséquent l’adoption d’une approche différente de son management et l’ajout
de caractéristiques temporaires. La présente Norme internationale couvre à la fois les plages de forte
activité et les plages de faible activité, sans séparation claire du type de plage.
L’exploitant de plage peut appliquer les caractéristiques spécifiques de la présente Norme
internationale à une plage particulière, comme stipulé dans les résultats d’un exercice d’évaluation des
risques de la plage. L’exercice d’évaluation des risques de la plage est un moyen simple de passer en
revue les questions de management et de sécurité pour chaque plage.
Afin de déterminer comment mettre en œuvre la présente Norme internationale, il est prévu d’utiliser
un processus solide de management du risque qui mette en évidence les risques et les dangers présents
sur chaque plage et identifie les mesures de contrôle appropriées requises pour réduire la probabilité
de fréquence ou d’impact (voir Article 6). L’évaluation des risques identifie également le type de plage
(à savoir plage de forte activité ou plage de faible activité).
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 13009:2015(F)
Services touristiques — Exigences et recommandations pour
l’exploitation des plages
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale établit les exigences et recommandations générales pour les
exploitants de plages qui offrent des services aux touristes et aux visiteurs. Elle fournit des
recommandations à la fois pour les exploitants de plages et les utilisateurs concernant la mise en œuvre
d’un management et d’une planification durables, la propriété des plages, les infrastructures durables et
les besoins en matière de prestation de services, y compris la sécurité des plages, l’information et la
communication, le nettoyage et l’enlèvement des déchets.
La présente Norme internationale est applicable aux plages pendant la saison de baignade.
2 Références normatives
Les documents ci-après, dans leur intégralité ou non, sont des références normatives indispensables à
l’application du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 7001, Symboles graphiques — Symboles destinés à l’information du public.
ISO 20712-1, Signaux de sécurité relatifs à l’eau et drapeaux de sécurité pour les plages — Partie 1 :
Spécifications des signaux de sécurité relatifs à l’eau utilisés sur les lieux de travail et dans les lieux publics.
ISO 20712-2, Signaux de sécurité relatifs à l’eau et drapeaux de sécurité pour les plages — Partie 2 :
Spécifications des drapeaux de sécurité pour les plages — Couleur, forme, signification et performance.
ISO 20712-3, Signaux de sécurité relatifs à l’eau et drapeaux de sécurité pour les plages — Partie 3 :
Lignes directrices pour l’utilisation.
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
3.1
plage accessible
plage (3.3) qui remplit un certain nombre d’exigences qui la rendent sûre à utiliser par les personnes
ayant des besoins particuliers
3.2
saison de baignade
période de l’année au cours de laquelle les services (3.13) de la plage sont mis à disposition et au cours
de laquelle une présence significative de baigneurs est prévue, en tenant compte des facteurs locaux et
de l’évaluation des risques
Note 1 à l’article : Voir 6.2 pour des informations sur l’évaluation des risques.
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ISO 13009:2015(F)
3.3
plage
zone naturelle ou artificielle, constituée de sable, de graviers, de galets, de rochers ou autre matériau,
facilitant l’accès à l’eau et à la zone de baignade où des activités de loisirs sont pratiquées et où des
services (3.13) sont fournis par l’exploitant de plage (3.4)
Note 1 à l’article : Cela n’inclut pas les promenades, sentiers pédestres ou similaires, menant ou adjacents à la
plage.
3.4
exploitant de plage
organisme (3.11) affecté au management et au contrôle des aspects relatifs à la plage (3.3), y compris sa
gestion publique ainsi que son domaine d’influence
Note 1 à l’article : L’exploitant de plage peut être l’autorité locale ou tout organisme ayant été affecté légalement
au management de la plage.
3.5
capacité d’occupation
nombre maximal d’utilisateurs (3.16) pouvant accéder à une plage (3.3) ou à l’eau et y être accueillis, au
cours d’une période donnée
Note 1 à l’article : Voir l’Annexe A pour plus d’informations.
3.6
coordinateur des services d’urgence
personne appropriée et compétente qui coordonne les urgences côtières ou planifie et fait la liaison
avec les intervenants externes
Note 1 à l’article : Les intervenants externes incluent la police, les pompiers, les ambulances, les garde-côtes, les
gendarmes, la protection civile et les sauveteurs.
Note 2 à l’article : Un organisme ou un service a normalement le statut juridique pour coordonner les urgences sur
les côtes.
3.7
environnement
conditions dans lesquelles un organisme (3.11) fonctionne, incluant l’air, l’eau, la terre, les ressources
naturelles, la flore, la faune, les êtres humains et leurs interrelations
3.8
premiers soins
procédures d’urgence visant à maintenir les fonctions vitales tout en s’assurant que l’état d’une
personne qui est blessée, inconsciente ou dont la vie est en danger ne s’aggrave pas, jusqu’à ce qu’elle
reçoive une assistance plus qualifiée
[SOURCE : ISO/TR 21102:2013, 2.9]
3.9
plage de forte activité
plage (3.3) où des activités récréatives et commerciales ont lieu fréquemment
Note 1 à l’article : Une forte activité est due à la facilité d’accès, à la mise à disposition d’installations, à un usage
traditionnel, ou à une plage largement promue/surveillée pour le plaisir des utilisateurs (3.16).
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ISO 13009:2015(F)
3.10
plage de faible activité
plage (3.3) où des activités récréatives et commerciales ont rarement lieu
Note 1 à l’article : Une faible activité est principalement due soit à des difficultés d’accès à la plage, soit à la
proximité de lotissements.
3.11
organisme
ensemble d’installations et de personnes avec des responsabilités, pouvoirs et relations
EXEMPLE Compagnie, société, firme, entreprise, institution, œuvre de bienfaisance, travailleur indépendant,
association, ou parties ou combinaison de ceux-ci.
Note 1 à l’article : Cet ensemble est généralement structuré.
Note 2 à l’article : Un organisme peut être public ou privé.
Note 3 à l’article : La définition ci-dessus est valable pour les besoins des normes relatives aux systèmes de
management de la qualité. Le terme « organisme » est défini de manière différente dans l’ISO/IEC Guide 2.
[SOURCE : ISO 9000:2005, 3.3.1]
3.12
service de secours
agence ou organisme (3.11) qui dispose d’un personnel formé et équipé pouvant répondre
immédiatement aux urgences sur les côtes
Note 1 à l’article : Les services de secours incluent la police, les pompiers, les ambulances, les garde-côtes, les
gendarmes, la protection civile et les sauveteurs.
3.13
service
prestation destinée spécifiquement à des individus ou des groupes d’individus afin de faciliter les
activités à usage public
Note 1 à l’article : Un service nécessite généralement le recours à des installations spécifiques, même si dans
certains cas il peut fonctionner sans elles.
3.14
fournisseur
organisme (3.11) ou personne fournissant un produit ou un service (3.13)
Note 1 à l’article : Les produits et services comprennent les sous-traitants et les contractuels.
3.15
tour de surveillance
point de surveillance
installation située sur ou à proximité de la plage (3.3) à un emplacement permettant au personnel
formé d’avoir une bonne vue de la plage et de l’eau et d’y accéder rapidement, afin de procéder à une
opération de secours ou d’informer les utilisateurs (3.16) de dangers
Note 1 à l’article : Les sauveteurs et les surveillants font partie du personnel formé.
3.16
utilisateur
personne qui visite la plage (3.3) dans le cadre de loisirs ou du travail
Note 1 à l’article : Les utilisateurs peuvent être des visiteurs, des touristes, des travailleurs et des résidents locaux.
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ISO 13009:2015(F)
4 Exigences et recommandations générales relatives au management des plages
4.1 Généralités
Partout dans le monde, le littoral fait face à des demandes croissantes pour accueillir une grande variété
d’activités récréatives avec des millions de touristes qui visitent les zones côtières chaque année. Le
tourisme est la troisième plus grande industrie au monde et le premier secteur économique dans de
nombreuses régions. Par conséquent, il existe une concurrence de plus en plus forte pour l’utilisation
des ressources dans les eaux côtières et les zones de plage.
Les activités de plage sont de plus en plus diversifiées, allant du para-kart au motonautisme ; de la
baignade à la voile et de l’équitation au barbecue sur la plage. De nombreuses activités, en particulier
celles impliquant une participation plus active, requièrent un minimum de management afin de réduire
le conflit potentiel entre les différents groupes d’utilisateurs, et essayer d’accueillir une telle diversité
d’activités peut poser des difficultés. Il est nécessaire non seulement de résoudre les conflits entre les
différents utilisateurs, mais également de tenir compte des différences entre les locaux et les touristes.
Les exigences des résidents locaux sont différentes de celles des touristes, et le bon équilibre entre leurs
besoins respectifs est un facteur majeur contribuant à une utilisation et un management réussis de la
plage.
Les plages peuvent avoir plusieurs usages, y compris les suivants :
— activités récréatives et loisirs ;
— protection des côtes ;
— activités sportives ;
— événements éducatifs, socio-culturels, religieux ou sportifs ;
— protection de la nature ;
— pêche et ramassage de coquillages ;
— activités militaires.
La sûreté et la sécurité sont des questions de plus en plus importantes sur les plages, et les exploitants
de plage ainsi que les autorités locales prêtent désormais une plus grande attention à la sécurité
physique des personnes et à la protection de l’environnement naturel.
Il n’est pas possible d’avoir un accès facile à chaque plage, mais il convient de rendre toutes les plages
aussi accessibles que possible. Il convient, dans la mesure du possible, que tous les équipements et
toutes les installations de plage fournis soient rendus accessibles à tous les utilisateurs, y compris aux
personnes ayant des besoins particuliers (par exemple en fournissant un parking avec des places
réservées, des services sanitaires, des services de premiers soins, des bars et restaurants, et des
informations pratiques à l’entrée de la plage).
4.2 Bénéfices de la conformité à la norme
4.2.1 Bénéfices
Il existe des bénéfices durables associés à la présente Norme internationale. Son intérêt pour les
destinations touristiques n’est pas seulement d’aider les exploitants de plages à améliorer l’expérience
de la plage pour les utilisateurs, mais aussi d’aider à améliorer le tissu économique et social des stations
balnéaires et des communautés côtières locales dans leur ensemble. La présente Norme internationale
vise à :
a) apporter de la cohérence et de la crédibilité dans les questions de management des plages ;
b) améliorer la visibilité des enjeux concernant les plages dans le cadre de l’élaboration de politiques
en matière de législation et de réglementation relatives au littoral ;
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c) harmoniser les pratiques nationales au sein de systèmes globaux ;
d) améliorer la compréhension et l’information concernant les risques et les enjeux relatifs aux
plages ;
e) accroître les activités récréatives et l’accès aux plages et aux eaux près des côtes ;
f) encourager la surveillance et l’évaluation ;
g) fournir des informations sur le management environnemental général sur la plage ;
h) contribuer à la sensibilisation et à l’engagement croissants du public envers le développement
durable ;
i) contribuer à la protection de l’environnement de la plage ;
j) améliorer l’expérience des touristes et la satisfaction des utilisateurs en fournissant un service de
qualité, afin de fidéliser la clientèle et d’accroître la demande touristique pour la destination, et
favoriser ainsi la croissance économique de la région.
4.2.2 Risques
Il existe de nombreux risques potentiels à maintenir le statu quo et à ne pas adopter d’approche
normative du management des plages, tels que les exemples suivants.
a) Impact économique :
— concurrence locale incontrôlée ;
— mauvaise planification du développement du tourisme balnéaire : aménagements inopportuns,
vues sur la mer et ouvrages de construction mal conçus sur le littoral ;
— baisse de l’investissement dans le produit touristique ;
— mauvaise image dans les médias ;
— mauvais management des installations et des équipements.
b) Implications sociales :
— non-satisfaction des attentes des utilisateurs ;
— santé et sécurité : accidents et maladies ;
— résidents se tenant à l’écart de la plage : perceptions contestées ;
— réputation d’activités criminelles et de nuisances ;
— mauvais management de la planification ;
— pollution.
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4.3 Lien entre l’exploitation de la plage et le management du risque
La présente Norme internationale considère comment instiller au mieux des conceptions de plage
appropriées dans des stratégies d’adaptation au changement climatique et de réduction des risques de
catastrophes. Par exemple, des inondations côtières et l’érosion continueront de se produire du fait de
l’augmentation probable de la fréquence des épisodes d’inondations graves en raison du changement
climatique et de la fréquence accrue des tempêtes. Cependant, en général, l’endommagement des
infrastructures de plage se produit seulement lorsque des éléments de valeur sont exposés aux
processus côtiers (par exemple, bâtiment trop proche de la ligne des hautes eaux). L’absence de
réglementation officielle en matière de construction et de contrôle officiel du développement est un
enjeu important, notamment en ce qui concerne la construction appropriée des installations de plage.
En plus de la réglementation en matière de construction, les codes de pratiques en général sont un
moyen recommandé d’aider les développeurs à concevoir et à gérer les plages en vue d’activités
récréatives spécifiques sur la plage et d’activités aquatiques spécifiques. Il convient que tout code de
pratiques rédigé puisse être justifié scientifiquement, et donc lorsque des études supplémentaires
fondées sur des données et/ou sur la recherche de faits sont nécessaires (c’est-à-dire travail
d’évaluation des risques de la plage, voir 4.5), il convient que cela soit clairement indiqué comme une
exigence préalable à la parution du code de pratiques.
Il convient que l’exploitant de plage élabore un code de pratiques pouvant inclure des
recommandations sur ce qui suit :
a) manuel de conception des accès aux plages ;
b) manuel de conception et de construction des installations de plage (services de confort) ;
c) contrôle du développement sur la zone (de retrait) de la plage ;
d) protection des plages ;
e) établissement et régulation des zones sur les plages ;
f) mise en place, maintenance et management du matériel et des installations de secours à disposition
du public ;
g) informations relatives à la sécurité des plages ;
h) management et maintenance efficaces des plages.
4.4 Propriété des plages
Il est nécessaire d’apporter des éclaircissements sur la propriété des plages, la responsabilité et autres
mesures réglementaires. Si les plages sont considérées comme publiques, il faut clairement en informer
l’exploitant de plage, même si une plage est située devant un hôtel, ce qui signifie que les utilisateurs
peuvent (en théorie) fréquenter toutes les plages. De manière générale, il revient à l’exploitant de plage
d’obtenir des éclaircissements pour savoir si une partie de la plage peut être achetée ou louée par des
exploitants tiers (privés).
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4.5 Planification
4.5.1 Identification des risques sanitaires
L’exploitant de plage doit établir, tenir à jour, passer en revue une fois par an et conserver une
procédure documentée afin d’identifier les risques sanitaires directs ou indirects concernant les
activités de plage, les services, les installations et les ressources susceptibles d’avoir un impact sur la
santé et le bien-être des utilisateurs. L’identification des risques potentiels pour la santé des utilisateurs
de la plage doit comporter les catégories de risques associées à ce qui suit :
— points d’alimentation en eau potable ;
— propreté de la surface de la plage ;
— qualité de l’eau de baignade (mesurée, enregistrée et présentée conformément aux meilleures
pratiques nationales/internationales (voir Annexe B)) ;
— conditions de marées concernant les risques sanitaires ;
— fortes pluies provoquant des inondations, un afflux d’écoulement d’eau et de matière sur la plage,
une mauvaise qualité temporaire de l’eau ;
— caractéristiques physiques de la plage (par exemple, surfaces, structures artificielles, rochers) ;
— érosion et inondations côtières ;
— la flore et la faune, y compris la vie marine ;
— installations et équipements associés aux services fournis sur la plage ;
— informations et avertissements de base relatifs à la sécurité.
Le résultat de l’application de chaque critère mentionné dans la liste ci-dessus doit être basé sur des
preuves objectives permettant la vérification des résultats de toute évaluation réalisée.
Il convient que la qualité des eaux de baignade soit conforme aux lignes directrices sur la qualité
définies par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) (voir Référence [7]).
4.5.2 Planification d’urgence
L’exploitant de plage doit :
a) établir et documenter des plans spécifiques pour les situations d’urgence afin d’éviter et de réduire
l’impact et les risques qui y sont associés ; ces plans doivent comprendre :
— l’identification des ressources pour traiter les situations d’urgence ;
— l’identification et la définition des responsabilités et autorités concernant les réponses dans ces
situations ;
b) disposer du plan d’intervention d’urgence des parties prenantes et établir les systèmes de
coordination avec elles ;
c) disposer des ressources nécessaires pour traiter les plans d’urgence ;
d) vérifier et enregistrer l’efficacité des plans d’urgence au cours d’un exercice pratique chaque année
et chaque fois qu’un accident ou une situation d’urgence se produit, et les réviser en conséquence ;
e) communiquer le plan d’urgence actualisé au coordinateur des services d’urgence.
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4.5.3 Plan d’exploitation et d’aménagement de la plage et maintenance
Conformément au champ défini, un plan d’exploitation et d’aménagement de la plage doit être établi. Il
doit comporter au moins les informations suivantes :
a) définition des différentes saisons de baignade
...
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