ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz

ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004 provides physical layer, collision management system and protocol values for RFID systems for item identification in accordance with the requirements of ISO 18000-1. It relates solely to systems operating at 13,56 MHz. ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004 has two modes of operation, intended to address different applications. The modes, whilst not interoperable, are non-interfering. The detailed technical differences between the modes are shown in the parameter tables.

Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence (RFID) pour la gestion d'objets — Partie 3: Paramètres de communications d'une interface d'air à 13,56 MHz

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 12-Sep-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Sep-2004
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 29-Aug-2008

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 18000-3:2008 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18000-3
First edition
2004-09-15


Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item
management —
Part 3:
Parameters for air interface
communications at 13,56 MHz
Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence
(RFID) pour la gestion d'objets —
Partie 3: Paramètres pour les communications d'une interface d'air de
13,56 MHz




Reference number
ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004

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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2004
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ii © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance. 1
2.1 Claiming conformance. 1
3 Normative references. 1
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
6 Requirements: Physical layer, collision management system and protocol values for
13,56 MHz systems . 2
6.0 General and applicable to both Modes of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 . 2
6.0.1 Presentation as determined in ISO/IEC 18000-1 . 2
6.0.2 ISO/IEC 18000-3 Interoperability. 2
6.0.3 ISO/IEC 18000-3 reader conformance/compliance . 3
6.0.4 ISO/IEC 18000-3 tag compliance. . 3
6.0.5 Command structure and extensibility. 3
6.0.6 Mandatory commands. 3
6.0.7 Optional commands. 3
6.0.8 Custom commands. 3
6.0.9 Proprietary commands. 3
6.1 Physical layer, collision management system and protocols for MODE 1 of this part of
ISO/IEC 18000 . 4
6.1.1 Read/Write system. 4
6.1.2 Normative Aspects. 4
6.1.3 Conformance and performance measurement aspects. 4
6.1.4 Physical Layer. 4
6.1.5 Protocol and collision management operating method. 4
6.1.6 Commands. 4
6.1.7 Parameter tables for interrogator to tag link. 4
6.1.8 Parameter tables for tag to interrogator link. 4
6.1.9 Protocol extension. 4
6.1.10 Protocol extension- description of collision management method . 5
6.1.11 Protocol extension commands . 19
6.1.12 Air interface application layer. 29
6.2 MODE 2: Physical layer, collision management system and protocols for MODE 2 of this
part of ISO/IEC 18000. 30
6.2.1 Normative aspects: physical and media access control (MAC) parameters: interrogator
to tag link . 30
6.2.2 Tag to interrogator link. 32
6.2.3 Description of operating method . 35
6.2.4 Protocol parameters. 41
6.2.5 Description of protocol operating method. 41
6.2.6 Collision management parameters . 57
6.2.7 Description of collision management parameters operating method (informative). 57
6.2.8 Tag order sequencing. 65
6.2.9 Commands. 65
6.2.10 Air interface application layer. 65
7 Marking of equipment. 65
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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
8 Table of characteristic differences between the MODES specified in this part of
ISO/IEC 18000 .66
Annex A (normative) Phase jitter modulation (PJM).67
Annex B (informative) Known possible interferences between the MODES determined in this part
of ISO/IEC 18000.71
Annex C (informative) Interrogator pseudo-code for collision management (Mode 1) .72
Annex D (informative) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) (16 bit).73
D.1 The CRC error detection method.73
D.2 CRC calculation example.73
Annex E (informative) Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mode 2 (32 bit).75
E.1 The CRC 32 error detection method.75
E.2 CRC 32 calculation example .75
E.3 Practical example of CRC 32 calculation.77
Annex F (informative) Mode 1 IC reference.78
Annex G (informative) A description of ISO/IEC 15693 Protocol as used in MODE 1 .79
G.1 Parameter tables for interrogator to tag link .79
G.2 Parameter tables for tag to interrogator link .84
G.3 Description of operating method.90
G.3.1 Communications signal interface interrogator to tag .90
G.3.2 Modulation.90
G.3.3 Data rate and data coding .91
G.3.4 Interrogator to tag frames .94
G.3.5 Communications signal interface tag to interrogator .95
G.4 Protocol parameters.99
G.4.1 Table of protocol parameters.99
G.5 Description of protocol operating method .105
G.5.1 Definition of data elements .105
G.5.2 Data storage format identifier (DSFID).107
G.5.3 CRC.107
G.5.4 Overall protocol description .108
G.5.5 Modes.109
G.5.6 Response format.111
G.5.7 RF tag states .113
G.6 Collision management.115
G.7 Description of collision management operating method (Informative).120
G.7.1 Request parameters.120
G.7.2 Request processing by the RF tag .121
G.7.3 Explanation of a collision management sequence.123
G.7.4 Timing specifications.125
G.8 Commands.127
G.8.1 Command types.127
G.8.2 Command codes.128
G.8.3 Mandatory commands.129
G.8.4 Optional commands.130
G.8.5 Custom commands.143
G.8.6 Proprietary commands.144
Bibliography.145

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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 18000-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item management:
 Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
 Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
 Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
 Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
 Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
 Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 18000 has been developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1, SC 31, WG 4, Radio frequency identification for item
management, in order to provide a framework to define common communications protocols for Internationally
useable frequencies for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and, where possible, to determine the use of
the same protocols for ALL frequencies such that the problems of migrating from one to another are
diminished; to minimise software and implementation costs; and to enable system management and control
and information exchange to be common as far as is possible.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 has been prepared in accordance with the requirements determined in
ISO/IEC 18000-1.
ISO/IEC 18000-1 provides explanation of the concepts behind this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 has 2 MODES of operation, intended to address different applications. Clause 8 of
this part of ISO/IEC 18000 summarises the differences between MODE characteristics. The detailed technical
differences between the modes are shown in the parameter tables.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 relates solely to systems operating at 13,56 MHz.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents.
The ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have assured the ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences
under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with the ISO and IEC. Information
may be obtained from the following companies.
NOTE Abstracts of these patents may be found in ISO 18000-1, Annex E.
Affected subclause(s)
Contact details Patent number in this part of
ISO/IEC 18000
Dr. Bertram Koch US005257288
Leiter Patentabteilung OP31
ATMEL Germany GmbH
Theresienstrasse 2
6.1
D-74072 Heilbronn
Germany
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Magellan Technology Pty Ltd. US5302954, WO8905549,
(ABN 93 009 137 393) EP0390822, DE3854478D,
65 Johnston Street SG37971, US5485154,
Annandale 09/582341 USA, 09/611658 USA,
6.2
NSW 2038 WO9934526, EP1048126,
Australia JP2002500465T, AU1654099,
10/204159 USA, WO0165712,
Tel: [phone]
EP1266458, 2001-654480 Japan,
Fax: [phone]
AU3711301
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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
Affected subclause(s)
Contact details Patent number in this part of
ISO/IEC 18000
Matrics Technology US 6002344
8850 Stanford Blvd
Suite 3000
Columbia 21045
6.1, 6.2
USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. CN 1277695, EP 831618, EP845751,
Groenewoudseweg 1 EP-PS 0998792,
NL 5621 BA Eindhoven EP-PS 1098257, IN/PCT/00/00034,
Netherlands JP 00-551498, JP 00-561579,
6.1
US 5,793,324, US 5,929,801,
Tel: [phone]
US09/357270, US2001-0013022,
Fax: [phone]
WO 98/08328, WO99/62196,
WO00/05673
Spacecode/Intercode US 5808550, EP 96402555.5,
6.1.3.5.1
12 rue des petits Ruisseaux CN 2191794
91370 Verrières Le Buisson
US6177858 B1, EP 96402554.8,
France
6.1.7.4.2
CN 21911788
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
US 5426423, EP 90909459.1,
Annex B
CN 2058947
Tagsys Australia EP 0 578 701 B1, AUS 664,544,
212 Pirie St PCT AU 00 01493,
Adelaide PCT AU 98 00017, US 5,523,749,
SA 5000 PCT AU 01 01676, FR 00 01704
6.1.9 - 6.1.11
Australia
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Texas Instruments EP1 038257, US 09/315708,
34 Forest Street JP 00-560700, EP 1 034644,
Attleboro US 6442215, CN 1273730A,
MA WO00/04686, EP 0669591B,
6.1
USA AT-PS 401127
Tel: [phone]
Fax: + 1 508 236 1960

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for
item management —
Part 3:
Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 provides physical layer, collision management system and protocol values
for RFID systems for Item Identification operating at 13,56 MHz in accordance with the requirements of
ISO/IEC 18000-1
1.2 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 provides definitions for systems for each MODE determined in Clause 6
below.
1.3 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines 2 non interfering MODES.
The MODES are NOT interoperable.
The MODES, whilst not interoperable, are non interfering.
2 Conformance
2.1 Claiming conformance
In order to claim conformance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000 it is necessary to comply to all of the relevant
clauses of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 except those marked ‘optional’ and it is also necessary to operate within
the local national radio regulations (which may require further restrictions).
Relevant conformance test methods are defined in ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 7816-6, Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Part 6: Interindustry data elements for
interchange
ISO/IEC 15693 (all parts), Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards — Vicinity cards
ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Unique
identification for RF tags
ISO/IEC 18000-1, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management —
Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques —
1)
Harmonized vocabulary
EN 300 330, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD);
Technical Characteristics and test methods for Radio equipment in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts) and the
following apply.
4.1
Phase Jitter Modulation
Modulation technique that transmits data as very small phase changes in the powering field
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 18000-1,
ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply.
≈ MODE 1 -the value is a rounded value (e.g. ≈ 75.52 µs)
PJM Phase Jitter Modulation
6 Requirements: Physical layer, collision management system and protocol values
for 13,56 MHz systems
6.0 General and applicable to both Modes of this part of ISO/IEC 18000
6.0.1 Presentation as determined in ISO/IEC 18000-1
The context, form and presentation of this part, which provides physical layer, collision management system
and protocol value definitions for RFID systems for item identification operating at 13,56 MHz are in
accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 18000-1.
6.0.2 ISO/IEC 18000-3 Interoperability
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 specifies two MODES of operation at 13,56 MHz
These MODES are not interoperable, but they are expected to operate without causing any significant
interference with each other. Any known causes of interference are listed in Annex B.
NOTE It is recommended that users select one MODE for any specific application.
NOTE Local national regulations may further limit either power, frequency or bandwidth allocations and such
limitations may reduce the capability of a system within that country. Users shall have the responsibility to ensure that they
use only systems that comply with these regulations. This implies a user responsibility to obtain proofs from manufacturers,
and where appropriate have adequate tests carried out to assure that systems are in compliance.
Informative Comment: At the time of preparation of this part of ISO/IEC 18000, the interrogator to tag link and tag to
interrogator link physical layer emissions may be subject to type approval or certification. It is therefore necessary to make
reference to local or regional radio regulations and radio standards in addition to this part of ISO/IEC 18000. All systems
are required to comply to local radio regulations, which may affect performance.

1) To be published.
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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
6.0.3 ISO/IEC 18000-3 reader conformance/compliance
To claim compliance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000, an interrogator/ reader shall support either MODE 1 or
MODE 2. The reader may support both modes as an option (the modes are not interoperable).
6.0.4 ISO/IEC 18000-3 tag compliance.
To claim compliance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000, a tag shall support either MODE 1 or MODE 2. The tag
may support both modes as an option (the modes are not interoperable).
6.0.5 Command structure and extensibility
Clauses 6.1 and 6.2, include definition of the structure of command codes between an interrogator and a tag
and indicate how many positions are available for future extensions.
Command specification clauses provide a full definition of the command and its presentation.
Each command is labelled as being ‘mandatory’ or ‘optional’.
In accordance with ISO/IEC 18000-1, the clauses of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 make provision for ‘custom’
and ‘proprietary’ commands.
The types of permitted command options are defined in subclauses 6.0.6  to 6.0.9.
6.0.6 Mandatory commands
A mandatory command shall be supported by all tags that claim to be compliant. Interrogators which claim
compliance shall support all mandatory commands.
6.0.7 Optional commands
Optional commands are commands that are specified within the International Standard. Interrogators shall be
technically capable of performing all optional commands that are specified in the International Standard
(although need not be set up to do so). Tags may or may not support optional commands.
If an optional command is used, it shall be implemented in the manner specified in the International Standard.
6.0.8 Custom commands
Custom commands may be enabled by an International Standard, but they shall not be specified in that
International Standard.
A custom command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command defined
in the International Standard by a different method.
6.0.9 Proprietary commands
Proprietary commands may be enabled by an International Standard, but they shall not be specified in that
International Standard.
A proprietary command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command
defined in the International Standard by a different method.
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ISO/IEC 18000-3:2004(E)
6.1 Physical layer, collision management system and protocols for MODE 1 of this part of
ISO/IEC 18000
MODE 1 is not interoperable with any other MODES defined within this International Standard.
6.1.1
...