ISO 24120-2:2023

Agricultural irrigation equipment — Guideline on the implementation of pressurized irrigation systems — Part 2: Drip irrigation

This document provides a guideline for the implementation of pressurized drip irrigation systems. It is applicable to both small-scale family agriculture and large-scale commercial agriculture, in open fields or within enclosed growing structures (e.g. greenhouse, net house). This document is intended for the use of agriculture ministries, agronomists, irrigation planners, farmers and other end-users.

Matériel agricole d'irrigation — Lignes directrices relatives à la mise en œuvre des systèmes d'irrigation sous pression — Partie 2: Irrigation goutte à goutte

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Jan-2023
• ICS: 65.060.35 - Irrigation and drainage equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 18 - Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 18 - Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 23-Jan-2023
• Due Date: 02-Feb-2024
• Completion Date: 23-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24120-2
First edition
2023-01
Agricultural irrigation equipment —
Guideline on the implementation of
pressurized irrigation systems —
Part 2:
Drip irrigation
Matériel agricole d'irrigation — Lignes directrices relatives à la mise
en œuvre des systèmes d'irrigation sous pression —
Partie 2: Irrigation goutte à goutte
Reference number
ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of drip irrigation .2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Water sources . 2
4.3 Water distribution network . . 3
4.3.1 Main line, sub-main, distribution pipes . 3
4.3.2 Drip irrigation laterals (dripper lines) . 4
4.3.3 Weather conditions . 4
5 Drippers classification . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Unregulated drippers . 4
5.3 Regulated drippers . 5
5.3.1 General . 5
5.3.2 Regulated drippers for particular applications . 5
6 Drip irrigation safety . 6
7 Control head . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Water meters . 7
7.3 Valves . 8
7.3.1 General . 8
7.3.2 Types of valves used in a drip irrigation system . 8
8 Filtration systems .10
9 Design .10
9.1 General . 10
9.2 Design principles . 10
9.3 Design of water source . 10
9.3.1 Design of surface water sources . 10
9.3.2 Design factors . 10
9.3.3 Changes in water quality . 11
9.3.4 Treated wastewater (TWW) . 11
9.3.5 Parameters to consider before initiating design . 11
9.3.6 Pumping from rivers . 11
9.3.7 Pumping from canals . 11
9.3.8 Factors affecting the quality of surface water sources . 11
9.3.9 Fish in reservoirs .12
9.4 Network design in irrigation systems .12
9.5 Velocity . 12
9.6 Location of head system . .12
9.7 Air valves and vacuum valves .12
9.8 Filtration method .12
9.9 Type of main line and relevant equipment .12
9.10 Irrigation method .13
9.11 Dripper flow rate . 13
9.12 Dripper line length . 13
9.12.1 Potable water . 13
9.12.2 Wastewater .13
9.13 Main line, secondary distribution pipeline and joints. 13
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
10 Monitoring .13
10.1 General .13
10.2 Crops data . 14
10.3 Soil moisture monitoring . 14
10.4 Water monitoring . 14
10.5 Weather station . 14
11 Chemical injection system design .14
11.1 General . 14
11.2 Fertigation . 14
11.3 Chemigation . 15
11.4 Dosing unit . 15
11.5 Benefits of fertigation and/or chemigation . 15
11.6 Chemical application units . . .15
11.6.1 General .15
11.6.2 Fertilizer tank . 15
11.6.3 Hydraulic fertilizer pump . 15
11.6.4 Venturi injector . .15
11.6.5 Electric injection pump . 15
11.6.6 Hydraulic fertilizer injector . 15
12 Pump station .16
12.1 General . 16
12.2 Power source for the pump . 16
12.3 Pump types . 16
12.4 Pump capacity . 16
12.5 Pump selection . 16
12.6 Constraints. 17
12.7 Performance curve . 17
13 Operation .17
14 Training .18
14.1 General . 18
14.2 Training issues . 18
15 Period of inactivity .18
15.1 General . 18
15.2 Freezing hazard . 18
16 System start up procedures .18
17 Low pressure drip irrigation system (LPS) .19
17.1 General . 19
17.2 Pumps . 19
18 Family drip system (FDS) .19
18.1 General . 19
18.2 FDS benefits . 19
18.3 FDS limitations . 19
18.4 FDS components . 20
18.5 Technical support and agronomic training . 20
18.6 Operation . 20
18.7 Storage . 20
18.8 Training . 20
Bibliography .21
iv
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 18, Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24120 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
Introduction
Dwindling vital natural resources, such as land and water, and rising world population, pose a constant
threat that can develop into a future food and water crisis. Given the limited availability of water
and land resources, the amount of food grown today needs to be increased to meet the demands of
tomorrow. Reduction of available water for human consumption needs to be addressed. As direct
consumption of fresh water by populations cannot be decreased, the amount of water consumed by
agricultural uses needs to be reduced and allocated for domestic or industrial use.
Drip irrigation addresses water scarcity and other environmental considerations. Its use can save large
amounts of water (over 50 % of water can be saved for certain crop types) and increase yields.
Drip irrigation not only addresses the need to reduce water consumption and increase yield, but also
requires less labour and energy for operation, leading to lower costs to farmers due to reduced usage of
labour, fertilizers and other chemicals.
Drip irrigation relates to sustainability agriculture issues, and can be used in dry areas, in saline
soil with saline water, and in steep-sloped topographies, where other irrigation methods cannot be
practiced without using pressure compensated units.
Drip irrigation is easy to handle and operate once installed. It is suitable for automation and remote
operation by computer or mobile phone. The system’s simplicity makes it easy to install, operate,
maintain and repair.
Other than irrigation, the drip irrigation method is used as a delivery system for fertilizers and other
agrochemicals. Drip irrigation’s advantage as a delivery system is its ability to optimize fertilizer
usage, and distribute it exactly where needed, in the root zone, while minimizing its release to the
environment.
Adoption of drip irrigation can help achieve sufficient fresh water availability for domestic use and
sufficient food quantity and quality and quality for reasonable pricing, while increasing farmers’
income with yield increases and cost reduction, and ensuring food security.
Drip irrigation systems also have limitations mainly related to high investment costs and extensive
maintenance requirements necessary to achieve and maintain the irrigation system performance.
Maintenance routines include water filtration, field inspection, maintenance of driplines, main line
flushing, and chemical water treatment.
The purpose of this document is to provide a guideline on the implementation of drip irrigation.
vi
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
Agricultural irrigation equipment — Guideline on the
implementation of pressurized irrigation systems —
Part 2:
Drip irrigation
1 Scope
This document provides a guideline for the implementation of pressurized drip irrigation systems.
It is applicable to both small-scale family agriculture and large-scale commercial agriculture, in open
fields or within enclosed growing structures (e.g. greenhouse, net house).
This document is intended for the use of agriculture ministries, agronomists, irrigation planners,
farmers and other end-users.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
anti-siphon dripper
anti-siphon emitter
dripper (3.3) with an interior mechanism which prevents suction of pollutants from outside the dripper
line
3.2
chemigation
application of any chemical through an irrigation system
3.3
emitter
dripper
device fitted to an irrigation lateral and intended to discharge water in the form of drops or continuous
flow at flow rates not exceeding 24 l/h, except during flushing
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.1]
3.4
fertigation
injection of soluble fertilizers into the irrigation system together with irrigation water
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
3.5
on-line emitter
on-line dripper
emitter intended for installation in the wall of an irrigation lateral, either directly or indirectly by
means such as tubing
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.3]
3.6
regulated emitter
emitting pipe
pressure compensating emitter/emitting pipe
emitter/emitting pipe which maintains a relatively constant flow rate at varying water pressures at the
emitter/emitting pipe inlet within the limits specified by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.7]
3.7
regulated non-leakage dripper
compensated non-leakage (CNL)
emitter/emitting pipe whose flow is zero whenever the pressure at the inlet of the emitter/emitting
pipe is lower than a value (other than zero) declared by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.9, modified — Term name has been changed.]
3.8
unregulated dripper
non-pressure compensating emitter
emitter/emitting pipe whose flow rate varies with inlet water pressure
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.10]
4 Principles of drip irrigation
4.1 General
This document relies on the main principles of drip irrigation as set forth in ISO/IWA 20 and ISO 9261.
The main principles of drip irrigation are described in ISO 24120-1.
4.2 Water sources
The main types of water sources for drip irrigation are:
— surface water sources,
— groundwater sources,
— brackish water,
— treated wastewater (TTW), and
— desalinated water.
Many existing and potential water supply sources for irrigation systems are derived from surface
water, which does not tend to have high levels of salts (with the exception of some coastal areas), and
thus the irrigation systems are usually less prone to formation of precipitates in drippers when using a
surface water source.
2
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 24120-2:2023(E)
Some surface water sources, however, tend to introduce biological hazards, as well as silt. If TWW is
considered as a source, quality and clogging potential will vary depending upon the extent of treatment.
Groundwater is generally of higher quality than surface water. However, iron, manganese, hydrogen
sulfide, pH, soluble salts, hardness, and alkalinity levels should be measure
...

Date: 2022-09-1423
ISO/DISFDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
ISO TC 23 /SC 18
Secretariat: SII
Agricultural irrigation equipment — Guideline on the implementation of pressurized
irrigation systems — Part 2: Drip irrigation

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DIS FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of
this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’sISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright officeCopyright Office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
ii © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DIS FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope (mandatory) . 1
2 Normative references (mandatory) . 1
3 Terms and definitions (mandatory) .Error! Bookmark not defined.
4 Clause title autonumber . 2
5 Clause title .Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 Subclause autonumber .Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1.1 Subclause autonumber .Error! Bookmark not defined.
6 Clause title .Error! Bookmark not defined.
Annex A (informative) Annex title e.g. Example of a figure and a tableError! Bookmark not
defined.
Bibliography . 24

Foreword . vi
Introduction. vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of drip irrigation . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Water sources . 2
4.3 Water distribution network . 3
4.3.1 Main line, sub-main, distribution pipes . 3
4.3.2 Drip irrigation laterals (dripper lines) . 4
4.3.3 Weather conditions . 4
5 Drippers classification. 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Unregulated drippers . 5
5.3 Regulated drippers . 5
5.3.1 General . 5
5.3.2 Regulated drippers for particular applications . 5
6 Drip irrigation safety . 6
7 Control head . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Water meters . 9
7.3 Valves . 9
7.3.1 General . 9
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DIS FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
7.3.2 Types of valves used in a drip irrigation system. 9
8 Filtration systems . 11
9 Design . 12
9.1 General . 12
9.2 Design principles . 12
9.3 Design of water source . 12
9.3.1 Design of surface water sources . 12
9.3.2 Design factors . 12
9.3.3 Changes in water quality . 12
9.3.4 Treated wastewater (TWW) . 13
9.3.5 Parameters to consider before initiating design . 13
9.3.6 Pumping from rivers . 13
9.3.7 Pumping from canals . 13
9.3.8 Factors affecting the quality of surface water sources . 13
9.3.9 Fish in reservoirs . 14
9.4 Network design in irrigation systems . 14
9.5 Velocity . 14
9.6 Location of head system . 14
9.7 Air valves and vacuum valves . 14
9.8 Filtration method . 14
9.9 Type of main line and relevant equipment . 14
9.10 Irrigation method . 15
9.11 Dripper flow rate . 15
9.12 Dripper line length . 15
9.12.1 Potable water . 15
9.12.2 Wastewater . 15
9.13 Main line, secondary distribution pipeline and joints . 15
10 Monitoring . 16
10.1 General . 16
10.2 Crops data . 16
10.3 Soil moisture monitoring . 16
10.4 Water monitoring . 16
10.5 Weather station . 16
11 Chemical injection system design . 16
11.1 General . 16
11.2 Fertigation . 16
11.3 Chemigation . 17
11.4 Dosing unit . 17
11.5 Benefits of fertigation and/or chemigation . 17
11.6 Chemical application units . 17
11.6.1 General . 17
11.6.2 Fertilizer tank . 17
11.6.3 Hydraulic fertilizer pump . 17
11.6.4 Venturi injector . 17
11.6.5 Electric injection pump . 18
11.6.6 Hydraulic fertilizer injector. 18
12 Pump station . 18
12.1 General . 18
iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DIS FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
12.2 Power source for the pump . 18
12.3 Pump types . 18
12.4 Pump capacity . 18
12.5 Pump selection . 19
12.6 Constraints . 19
12.7 Performance curve . 19
13 Operation . 20
14 Training . 20
14.1 General . 20
14.2 Training issues . 20
15 Period of inactivity . 21
15.1 General . 21
15.2 Freezing hazard . 21
16 System start up procedures . 21
17 Low pressure drip irrigation system (LPS) . 21
17.1 General . 21
17.2 Pumps . 21
18 Family drip system (FDS) . 21
18.1 General . 21
18.2 FDS benefits . 22
18.3 FDS limitations . 22
18.4 FDS components . 22
18.5 Technical support and agronomic training . 23
18.6 Operation . 23
18.7 Storage . 23
18.8 Training . 23
Bibliography . 24



© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/DIS FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patentswww.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 18, Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24120 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
vi © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
vi © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/DIS FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
Introduction
Dwindling vital natural resources, such as land and water, and rising world population, pose a constant
threat that can develop into a future food and water crisis. Given the limited availability of water and land
resources, the amount of food grown today needs to be increased to meet the demands of tomorrow.
Reduction of available water for human consumption needs to be addressed. As direct consumption of
fresh water by populations cannot be decreased, the amount of water consumed by agricultural uses
needs to be reduced and allocated for domestic or industrial use.
Drip irrigation addresses water scarcity and other environmental considerations. Its use can save large
amounts of water (over 50 % of water can be saved for certain crop types) and increase yields.
Drip irrigation not only addresses the need to reduce water consumption and increase yield, but also
requires less labour and energy for operation, leading to lower costs to farmers due to reduced usage of
labour, fertilizers and other chemicals.
Drip irrigation relates to sustainability agriculture issues, and can be used in dry areas, in saline soil with
saline water, and in steep-sloped topographies, where other irrigation methods cannot be practiced
without using pressure compensated units.
Drip irrigation is easy to handle and operate once installed. It is suitable for automation and remote
operation by computer or mobile phone. The system’s simplicity makes it easy to install, operate,
maintain and repair.
Other than irrigation, the drip irrigation method is used as a delivery system for fertilizers and other
agrochemicals. Drip irrigation’s advantage as a delivery system is its ability to optimize fertilizer usage,
and distribute it exactly where needed, in the root zone, while minimizing its release to the environment.
Adoption of drip irrigation can help achieve sufficient fresh water availability for domestic use and
sufficient food quantity and quality and quality for reasonable pricing, while increasing farmers’ income
with yield increases and cost reduction, and ensuring food security.
Drip irrigation systems also have limitations mainly related to high investment costs and extensive
maintenance requirements necessary to achieve and maintain the irrigation system performance.
Maintenance routines include water filtration, field inspection, maintenance of driplines, main line
flushing, and chemical water treatment.
The purpose of this document is to provide a guideline on the implementation of drip irrigation.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved vii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved vii

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)

Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems — Guideline on the
implementation of pressurized irrigation systems —
Part 2: Drip irrigation
1 Scope
This document provides a guideline for the implementation of pressurized drip irrigation systems.
It is applicable to both small-scale family agriculture and large-scale commercial agriculture, in open
fields or within enclosed growing structures (e.g. greenhouse, net house).
This document is intended for the use of agriculture ministries, agronomists, irrigation planners, farmers
and other end-users.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
anti-siphon dripper
anti-siphon emitter
dripper (3.3) with an interior mechanism which prevents suction of pollutants from outside the dripper
line
3.2
chemigation
application of any chemical through an irrigation system
3.3
emitter
dripper
device fitted to an irrigation lateral and intended to discharge water in the form of drops or continuous
flow at flow rates not exceeding 24 l/h, except during flushing
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.1]
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
3.4
fertigation
injection of soluble fertilizers into the irrigation system together with irrigation water
3.5
on-line emitter
on-line dripper
emitter intended for installation in the wall of an irrigation lateral, either directly or indirectly by means
such as tubing
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.3]
3.6
regulated emitter/
emitting pipe
pressure compensating emitter/emitting pipe
emitter/emitting pipe which maintains a relatively constant flow rate at varying water pressures at the
emitter/emitting pipe inlet within the limits specified by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.7]
3.7
regulated non-leakage dripper
compensated non-leakage (CNL)
emitter/emitting pipe whose flow is zero whenever the pressure at the inlet of the emitter/emitting pipe
is lower than a value (other than zero) declared by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.9, modified — Term name has been changed.]
3.8
unregulated dripper
non-pressure compensating emitter
emitter/emitting pipe whose flow rate varies with inlet water pressure
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.10]
4 Principles of drip irrigation
4.1 General
This document relies on the main principles of drip irrigation as set forth in ISO/IWA 20 and ISO 9261.
The main principles of drip irrigation are described in ISO 24120-1.
4.2 Water sources
The main types of water sources for drip irrigation are:
— surface water sources,
— groundwater sources,
2 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
2 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
— brackish water,
— treated wastewater (TTW), and
— desalinated water.
Many existing and potential water supply sources for irrigation systems are derived from surface water,
which does not tend to have high levels of salts (with the exception of some coastal areas), and thus the
irrigation systems are usually less prone to formation of precipitates in drippers when using a surface
water source.
Some surface water sources, however, tend to introduce biological hazards, as well as silt. If TWW is
considered as a source, quality and clogging potential will vary depending upon the extent of treatment.
Groundwater is generally of higher quality than surface water. However, iron, manganese, hydrogen
sulfide, pH, soluble salts, hardness, and alkalinity levels should be measured, as levels that are higher than
values determined as acceptable irrigation water quality can lead to dripper clogging and treatment can
be required.
4.3 Water distribution network
4.3.1 Main line, sub-main, distribution pipes
Main lines carry water through the entire irrigation system, from the pump through the filters, valves and
drippers.
All main line and fittings should be properly sized to withstand maximum static and operating pressures
and convey water without excessive pressure loss or gain.
PVC piping may be used throughout the system, or in combination with steel piping at the pump station.
Polyethylene (PE) or flexible pipes may be used for sub-mains and distribution pipes. PE and PVC piping
should be UV protected or buried. Pipes from other materials are permitted if they comply with local
requirements.
Thermal expansion and contraction that occur under normal on-surface operating conditions should be
taken into consideration (each type of pipe material is affected to a different degree), when designing and
installing the system.
Main lines are connected to one another with welds, glue or friction fittings, according to the type of
piping in use, and are anchored to t
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 24120-2
ISO/TC 23/SC 18
Agricultural irrigation equipment —
Secretariat: SII
Guideline on the implementation of
Voting begins on:
2022-10-07 pressurized irrigation systems —
Voting terminates on:
Part 2:
2022-12-02
Drip irrigation
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
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ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 24120-2
ISO/TC 23/SC 18
Agricultural irrigation equipment —
Secretariat: SII
Guideline on the implementation of
Voting begins on:
pressurized irrigation systems —
Voting terminates on:
Part 2:
Drip irrigation
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022

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ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of drip irrigation .2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Water sources . 2
4.3 Water distribution network . . 3
4.3.1 Main line, sub-main, distribution pipes . 3
4.3.2 Drip irrigation laterals (dripper lines) . 4
4.3.3 Weather conditions . 4
5 Drippers classification . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Unregulated drippers . 4
5.3 Regulated drippers . 5
5.3.1 General . 5
5.3.2 Regulated drippers for particular applications . 5
6 Drip irrigation safety . 6
7 Control head . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Water meters . 7
7.3 Valves . 8
7.3.1 General . 8
7.3.2 Types of valves used in a drip irrigation system . 8
8 Filtration systems .10
9 Design .10
9.1 General . 10
9.2 Design principles . 10
9.3 Design of water source . 10
9.3.1 Design of surface water sources . 10
9.3.2 Design factors . 10
9.3.3 Changes in water quality . 11
9.3.4 Treated wastewater (TWW) . 11
9.3.5 Parameters to consider before initiating design . 11
9.3.6 Pumping from rivers . 11
9.3.7 Pumping from canals . 11
9.3.8 Factors affecting the quality of surface water sources . 11
9.3.9 Fish in reservoirs .12
9.4 Network design in irrigation systems .12
9.5 Velocity . 12
9.6 Location of head system . .12
9.7 Air valves and vacuum valves .12
9.8 Filtration method .12
9.9 Type of main line and relevant equipment .12
9.10 Irrigation method .13
9.11 Dripper flow rate . 13
9.12 Dripper line length . 13
9.12.1 Potable water . 13
9.12.2 Wastewater .13
9.13 Main line, secondary distribution pipeline and joints. 13
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ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
10 Monitoring .13
10.1 General .13
10.2 Crops data . 14
10.3 Soil moisture monitoring . 14
10.4 Water monitoring . 14
10.5 Weather station . 14
11 Chemical injection system design .14
11.1 General . 14
11.2 Fertigation . 14
11.3 Chemigation . 15
11.4 Dosing unit . 15
11.5 Benefits of fertigation and/or chemigation . 15
11.6 Chemical application units . . .15
11.6.1 General .15
11.6.2 Fertilizer tank . 15
11.6.3 Hydraulic fertilizer pump . 15
11.6.4 Venturi injector . .15
11.6.5 Electric injection pump . 15
11.6.6 Hydraulic fertilizer injector . 15
12 Pump station .16
12.1 General . 16
12.2 Power source for the pump . 16
12.3 Pump types . 16
12.4 Pump capacity . 16
12.5 Pump selection . 16
12.6 Constraints. 17
12.7 Performance curve . 17
13 Operation .17
14 Training .18
14.1 General . 18
14.2 Training issues . 18
15 Period of inactivity .18
15.1 General . 18
15.2 Freezing hazard . 18
16 System start up procedures .18
17 Low pressure drip irrigation system (LPS) .19
17.1 General . 19
17.2 Pumps . 19
18 Family drip system (FDS) .19
18.1 General . 19
18.2 FDS benefits . 19
18.3 FDS limitations . 19
18.4 FDS components . 20
18.5 Technical support and agronomic training . 20
18.6 Operation . 20
18.7 Storage . 20
18.8 Training . 20
Bibliography .21
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ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 18, Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24120 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
Introduction
Dwindling vital natural resources, such as land and water, and rising world population, pose a constant
threat that can develop into a future food and water crisis. Given the limited availability of water
and land resources, the amount of food grown today needs to be increased to meet the demands of
tomorrow. Reduction of available water for human consumption needs to be addressed. As direct
consumption of fresh water by populations cannot be decreased, the amount of water consumed by
agricultural uses needs to be reduced and allocated for domestic or industrial use.
Drip irrigation addresses water scarcity and other environmental considerations. Its use can save large
amounts of water (over 50 % of water can be saved for certain crop types) and increase yields.
Drip irrigation not only addresses the need to reduce water consumption and increase yield, but also
requires less labour and energy for operation, leading to lower costs to farmers due to reduced usage of
labour, fertilizers and other chemicals.
Drip irrigation relates to sustainability agriculture issues, and can be used in dry areas, in saline
soil with saline water, and in steep-sloped topographies, where other irrigation methods cannot be
practiced without using pressure compensated units.
Drip irrigation is easy to handle and operate once installed. It is suitable for automation and remote
operation by computer or mobile phone. The system’s simplicity makes it easy to install, operate,
maintain and repair.
Other than irrigation, the drip irrigation method is used as a delivery system for fertilizers and other
agrochemicals. Drip irrigation’s advantage as a delivery system is its ability to optimize fertilizer
usage, and distribute it exactly where needed, in the root zone, while minimizing its release to the
environment.
Adoption of drip irrigation can help achieve sufficient fresh water availability for domestic use and
sufficient food quantity and quality and quality for reasonable pricing, while increasing farmers’
income with yield increases and cost reduction, and ensuring food security.
Drip irrigation systems also have limitations mainly related to high investment costs and extensive
maintenance requirements necessary to achieve and maintain the irrigation system performance.
Maintenance routines include water filtration, field inspection, maintenance of driplines, main line
flushing, and chemical water treatment.
The purpose of this document is to provide a guideline on the implementation of drip irrigation.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
Agricultural irrigation equipment — Guideline on the
implementation of pressurized irrigation systems —
Part 2:
Drip irrigation
1 Scope
This document provides a guideline for the implementation of pressurized drip irrigation systems.
It is applicable to both small-scale family agriculture and large-scale commercial agriculture, in open
fields or within enclosed growing structures (e.g. greenhouse, net house).
This document is intended for the use of agriculture ministries, agronomists, irrigation planners,
farmers and other end-users.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
anti-siphon dripper
anti-siphon emitter
dripper (3.3) with an interior mechanism which prevents suction of pollutants from outside the dripper
line
3.2
chemigation
application of any chemical through an irrigation system
3.3
emitter
dripper
device fitted to an irrigation lateral and intended to discharge water in the form of drops or continuous
flow at flow rates not exceeding 24 l/h, except during flushing
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.1]
3.4
fertigation
injection of soluble fertilizers into the irrigation system together with irrigation water
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ISO/FDIS 24120-2:2022(E)
3.5
on-line emitter
on-line dripper
emitter intended for installation in the wall of an irrigation lateral, either directly or indirectly by
means such as tubing
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.3]
3.6
regulated emitter
emitting pipe
pressure compensating emitter/emitting pipe
emitter/emitting pipe which maintains a relatively constant flow rate at varying water pressures at the
emitter/emitting pipe inlet within the limits specified by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.7]
3.7
regulated non-leakage dripper
compensated non-leakage (CNL)
emitter/emitting pipe whose flow is zero whenever the pressure at the inlet of the emitter/emitting
pipe is lower than a value (other than zero) declared by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: ISO 9261:2004, 3.9, modified — Term name has been changed.]
3.8
unregulated dripper
non-pressure compensating emitter
emitter/emitting pipe whose flow rate varies with inlet water pressure
[SOURCE:
...