ISO/IEC TS 22604
(Main)Information technology — Biometric recognition of subjects in motion in access-related systems
Information technology — Biometric recognition of subjects in motion in access-related systems
This document establishes requirements for development of biometric solutions for verification and identification processes for secure access without physical contact with any device at any time. The solution acquires the biometric characteristics that are captured while the data subjects are in motion to verify or identify the individuals requiring access, and thus controlling access using contactless biometrics.
Technologies de l'information — Reconnaissance biométrique de sujets en mouvement dans les systèmes d'accès
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TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TS
SPECIFICATION 22604
First edition
Information technology — Biometric
recognition of subjects in motion in
access-related systems
Technologies de l'information — Reconnaissance biométrique de
sujets en mouvement dans les systèmes d'accès
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
© ISO/IEC 2023
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ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Biometric recognition in motion ........................................................................................................................................................2
4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.1.1 Purpose and constraints of in-motion biometric system .............................................................. 2
4.1.2 Biometric performance and error rate ........................................................................................................... 3
4.1.3 Quality/speed compromise ....................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Biometric verification vs. biometric identification ................................................................................................ 4
4.2.1 Implementing an in-motion verification system ................................................................................... 4
4.2.2 Implementing an in-motion identification system ............................................................................... 5
4.3 Process flow in access-related systems ........................................................................................................................... 5
4.4 Applicable biometric modalities ............................................................................................................................................. 5
4.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.4.2 Face modality ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.4.3 Iris modality ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.4.4 Fingerprint modality ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.4.5 Palm modality ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.4.6 Complementary modalities ....................................................................................................................................... 6
4.5 Enrolment and its quality ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
4.6 Ergonomics ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.6.1 Capture device physical placement ................................................................................................................... 7
4.6.2 Catch attention ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.6.3 Feedback signal ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.7 Biometric information storage ................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Accessibility, usability and guidance .............................................................................................................................................8
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Accessibility .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3 Usability ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
5.4 Acceptable delay for a user for fluid passage .............................................................................................................. 9
5.5 Guidance ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6 Privacy and security considerations ...........................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Data protection ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Consent ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3 Presentation attack detection ............................................................................................................................................... 10
6.4 Security considerations ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
7 Examples of deployment ...........................................................................................................................................................................11
7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
7.2 Use cases ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.2.1 Example of system with fingerprint .............................................................................................................. 11
7.2.2 Example of system with multimodal biometrics ................................................................................12
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................16
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ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives) or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the
patent database available at www.iso.org/patents or the IEC list of patent declarations received (see
patents.iec.ch). ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the use of in-motion biometric recognition
technologies in access-related systems, where the previous enrolment and management of the identity
of individuals needing access is required.To satisfy increasing security demands, biometric recognition technologies are used in access-related
systems to provide a more robust approach to identity authentication, and to mitigate security risks.
However, this can come at a cost of increased processing times and lead to delays in user identification
or verification.Biometric identification and verification should be comprehensive and flexible for effective use in an
access-related environment. Solutions should reduce user burden, be easy to manage, cost effective,
maintain the security requirements, and provide permission-based access and global interoperability as
necessary. Biometric systems should effectively allow authorized users’ access, incorporate mechanical
and behavioural mechanisms to refer unenrolled persons to human personnel and alert facilities to
unauthorized users attempting to gain access. Systems should also provide a seamless, accurate and
non-invasive user experience.Considerable improvements in the performance of in-motion biometric recognition, have resulted in
applications that enable automated, convenient and non-intrusive face, iris or fingerprint recognition
across a range of scenarios including border control, passenger flow facilitation, access control and
work place time and attendance. This provides a positive and non-intrusive user experience, as the user
does not need to carry anything or stop and stand still to be recognized and does not need to touch
anything.There are several considerations that are unique to in-motion biometric solutions for design of
contactless biometric recognition systems. Design considerations include:— Selection and placement of biometric data capturing devices (e.g. cameras).
— Control of the flow of individuals requiring access to ensure that only those that are authorized gain
access.— Proximity of capture devices to individuals seeking access for the contactless in-motion capture of
the needed information. The proximity of the biometric capture devices can depend on the employed
biometric modalities.— Management of exceptions.
— Mutual placement of capture devices and equipment dedicated to physical access-control (e.g. door,
barrier, turnstile).A number of use cases involving in-motion biometrics address different scenarios including:
— where access is on the basis of the prior enrolment of all individuals well in advance of interacting
with the biometric system (identification);— where access is on the basis of credentials presented just prior to interacting with the biometric
system (verification) (e.g. wireless technology, RFID token or a vehicle number plate or any other
token available without any interruption to the person's flow of movement).These scenarios present different challenges to in-motion verification and identification processes.
Critical to the success of biometrics-based secure access is implementation of state-of-the-art data
[1]protection technology and procedures (see ISO/IEC 20889 on privacy enhancing data de-identification
[3]techniques, according to the privacy principles established in ISO/IEC 29100, taking into account
legal, common practice, business, industry and privacy considerations).An important factor in in-motion biometric recognition is its ability to sense/detect presentation
[5]attacks per ISO/IEC 30107-3.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
Information technology — Biometric recognition of
subjects in motion in access-related systems
1 Scope
This document establishes requirements for development of biometric solutions for verification and
identification processes for secure access without physical contact with any device at any time. The
solution acquires the biometric characteristics that are captured while the data subjects are in motion
to verify or identify the individuals requiring access, and thus controlling access using contactless
biometrics.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 2382-37, Information technology — Vocabulary — Part 37: BiometricsISO/IEC 19795-1, Information technology — Biometric performance testing and reporting — Part 1:
Principles and framework3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 2382-37, ISO/IEC 19795-1
and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
in-motion identification
identification for which a person in motion can be identified without physical contact with any device
at any time3.2
non in-motion identification
identification for which a person needs to stop to be identified
3.3
in-motion verification
verification for which a person in motion can be verified without physical contact with any device at
any time3.4
recognition area
area where biometric characteristics are captured and biometric recognition can be performed
3.5attraction point
distraction in the field of view of the people in the recognition area that pulls the attention of the people
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ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
3.6
access point
location, typically with a physical barrier, where users are identified and pass through to enter an
access-controlled area3.7
feedback signal
signal for the identified user providing him or her information on the status of his or her access
authorization3.8
authorized user list
list containing the information and biometrics for identifying authorized users
3.9
unauthorized user list
list containing the information and biometrics for identifying unauthorized users
3.10alert list
list containing the information and biometrics for identifying unauthorized users for which an alert
needs to be raised in case of identification4 Biometric recognition in motion
4.1 General
4.1.1 Purpose and constraints of in-motion biometric system
In-motion access-related systems allow users to be identified without stopping and without any physical
contact with any device. The targeted optimal solution should be handled to grant access to an area
using biometrics without asking the users to perform any specific action and without any additional
constraint on them compared to a crossing without biometric identification. However, the live biometric
data needed to identify the users should be as good as possible to avoid a false rejection, and this tends
to add constraints on the users (e.g. look in a specific direction, perform a specific action like removing
their glasses). At the end, it is all about the user experience; additional constraints on how to behave
while crossing the access control point are bad for the user experience. One of these constraints is to
be obliged to stop, and in-motion systems try to remove it. But a false rejection of an authorized user is
also a very bad experience for them and should be avoided in any case. Therefore, there is a trade-off to
find between a complete freedom of movement and behaviour and the constraints added to the user to
get captured with good quality images. One positive aspect is that, in the authorized user list use case,
the biometric capture subject wants to get access to the secured area protected by the biometric check
and can be expected to be more or less cooperative. In this case, there is definitely a way to provide a
good user experience with an in-motion system with low FTA and low FRR.A biometric system can be considered in-motion when subjects do not stop/pause for the biometric
capture process. They can slow down and perform few actions (without any physical contact with a
sensor). It is not required that all authorized users cross the access control point without stopping but
most of them should be able to. The operator should decide the trade-off between convenience and
security depending on the application.Systems for secure and effective recognition of individual people are essential for the management of
many types of facilities, including office buildings, residential facilities, private clubs, campuses and
other locations that include sensitive and/or private assets. They are also needed to secure borders.
There are three cases used to recognize users for access-related applications:— biometric verification of a provided credential;
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ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
— biometric identification against a database of pre-enrolled people;
— multi-factor authentication using biometrics for identification and for verification and a token as a
secondary means of authentication.From the viewpoint of user actions, there are:
— non in-motion identification or verification – the user is required to stop in the recognition area to
be properly identified or verified;— in-motion identification or verification - as the user is approaching an access point from a distance,
he or she is identified or verified without any stop or physical contact with any device.
4.1.2 Biometric performance and error rateThe challenge for in-motion access-related systems is to limit the increase of false rejection due to
the lower quality of the images captured in motion compared to non in-motion systems. This can be
achieved by different means like using more robust detection and matching algorithms, dedicating the
hardware to in-motion capture, ensuring the quality of the enrolment data, putting constraints on the
environment, improving the user interface and overall ergonomics or even limiting the database size.
Like for all biometric systems, biometric accuracy of in-motion system needs to be expressed in
terms of failure to acquire rate (FTAR), a false acceptance metric (FMR for verification system, FPIR
for identification) and a false rejection metric (FNMR in verification, FNIR in identification). The
specificities of in-motion biometric systems actually concern the FTAR and the FNMR/FNIR, but should
have no impact on the security level, meaning the FMR/FPIR.The technical levers include:
— more robust detection (improve FTAR) and biometric comparison algorithms (improve FNMR/
FNIR);— dedicating the hardware to in-motion capture (improve on FTAR and FNMR/FNIR, see 4.1.3);
EXAMPLE The system uses camera with smaller shutter speed or higher frame per second rate. The
camera is motorized to focus on a refined region of interest.— ensuring the quality of the enrolment data (improve on FNMR/FNIR, see 4.5);
— putting constraints on the environment as lighting (improve on FTAR and FNMR/FNIR);
EXAMPLE With a shutter speed optimized for in-motion capture, a too dark acquisition environment
results in weak signal.— optimizing the database size (improve FNIR);
EXAMPLE Dataset is carefully maintained in order to only have the relevant and current users
registered for a specific access control point.— improving the user interface and overall ergonomics (improve FTAR, see Clause 5);
— improving mutual placement of capture device and equipment dedicated to physical access control
(e.g. door, barrier, turnstile) (improve FTAR, see 4.6.1).4.1.3 Quality/speed compromise
For many biometric modalities, the quality of a sample captured in motion is lower than that of a sample
captured without motion. This assumption is valid for several reasons:— For photographic reasons, images taken in motion can be darker, less contrasted, with lower
resolution, and noisier than the static images. For instance, for in-motion biometric capture, it is
interesting to have a large depth of field (get a focused image in a wide depth range in order to
maximize the number of images that can be used for biometric feature extraction) and then decrease
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ISO/IEC TS 22604:2023(E)
the aperture. In the same time, motion blur should be avoided, and a small shutter value should be
used.EXAMPLE 1 When the acquisition is performed in motion for face recognition modality, good practice to
prevent motion blur is to use a shutter speed from 1/125 s to 1/50 s for a normal walking rate of around 1 m/s to
1,5 m/s. These two settings decrease the amount of light coming on the photographic sensor and then produce
darker and less contrasted images. A way to get brighter images is to illuminate the scene more strongly but there
are limitations on user acceptance and experience. Another way is to use higher ISO values, but this will bring
electronic noise on the captured image. As the images can be captured from a longer distance than in static mode
where the user is standing in front of the biometric capture device, resolution can also be smaller, decreasing the
global quality of the biometric data.EXAMPLE 2 For face recognition modality, good practice regarding resolution is 10 pixels per centimetre on
the face.— Time to acquire a valid image is much smaller in motion than statically. When the user stops and
looks at the device, or places their finger on a sensor, there is time to choose images of sufficient
quality while the user doesn’t move. In opposite, in the in-motion biometric capture, the user is
moving during the acquisition and the biometric decision should be taken at the latest when the
biometric capture subject reaches the access point.— Considering that the system should be as seamless as possible, the available images that are valid
for a biometric comparison are much fewer because the user has very limited interaction with the
biometric capture device. Even in a cooperative case, the main purpose of an in-motion system is to
have as low impact as possible on the user normal behaviour, thus leading to few exploitable images.
The challenge for in-motion access-related systems is then to limit the increase of false rejection rate,
due to the lower quality of the images captured in motion:— more robust algorithm able to deal with various acquisition environments and behaviours from
data capture subject;— capture device hardware improvement;
— constraints on the capturing environment;
— ergonomics/user interface;
— limitation of the database size.
4.2 Biometric verification vs. biometric identification
4.2.1 Implementing an in-motion verification system
When implementing biometric verification, the way to provide the biometric reference shall be specified.
The individual can provide directly the reference biometric data to the system (for instance, presenting
a smartcard or other token where the biometric reference is stored or scanning a 2D barcode containing
a biometric template), or use credentials allowing the access to the reference biometric data stored in
a database (using a contactless card or a PIN code). These examples show interactions of the user with
a reading device, which is not compatible with a fully contactless and in-motion access control system.
However other solutions can be implemented to keep a seamless use of an in-motion access control
system in verification mode.The idea is to design an access control system which is able to retrieve biometric reference data from
the user without any action from the user approaching the system. Such a system should be able to
sense the user when he/she is in a predefined area around, and to retrieve the necessary reference
data for future use. This can be achieved by a wireless connection between the system and a token
possessed by the user, which can be any connected device.EXAMPLE The token is a smartphone.
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When the user approaches the system, the token is detected and starts communicating with the
system, exchanging the necessary data even before the live user biometrics is captured. When closer to
the access control point, the live user biometrics is captured, and compared against the reference data
(biometric verification). If access is granted, the user can go through without stopping and touching
anything.If multiple tokens can be present and detected at the same time with ambiguity about which one belongs
to the individual trying to gain access, some mechanisms need to be implemented.The live biometrics should be matched against the closest one, but can also be matched against the
reference data of all detected present users, giving access if one of them is considered as genuine. The
sensing area should be small enough to avoid that too many users are considered as possible candidates,
...ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604
ISO/IEC JTC1 JTC 1/SC 37/WG 4
Secretariat: XXXX ANSI
Date: 2023-03-15
Information technology — Biometric recognition of subjects in
motion in access-related systems
Technologies de l'information — Reconnaissance biométrique de sujets en mouvement dans les systèmes
d'accèsFDIS stage
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
© ISO 2017/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 • CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-12111214 Vernier, Geneva 20
Tel. Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail : copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................................ vi
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... viii
1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Biometric recognition in motion ................................................................................................................................. 2
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.1.1 Purpose and constraints of in-motion biometric system ............................................................................. 2
4.1.2 Biometric performance and error rate ................................................................................................................ 3
4.1.3 Quality/speed compromise ...................................................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Biometric verification vs. biometric identification .............................................................................................. 5
4.2.1 Implementing an in-motion verification system .............................................................................................. 5
4.2.2 Implementing an in-motion identification system .......................................................................................... 5
4.3 Process flow in access-related systems .................................................................................................................... 5
4.4 Applicable biometric modalities .................................................................................................................................. 6
4.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.4.2 Face modality .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
4.4.3 Iris modality .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.4.4 Fingerprint modality.................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.4.5 Palm modality ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
4.4.6 Complementary modalities ....................................................................................................................................... 6
4.5 Enrolment and its quality ............................................................................................................................................... 6
4.6 Ergonomics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.6.1 Capture device physical placement ....................................................................................................................... 7
4.6.2 Catch attention ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.6.3 Feedback signal .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.7 Biometric information storage ..................................................................................................................................... 7
5 Accessibility, usability and guidance ......................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Accessibility .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Usability ................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
5.4 Acceptable delay for a user for fluid passage ......................................................................................................... 9
5.5 Guidance ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
6 Privacy and security considerations ....................................................................................................................... 10
6.1 Data protection ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
6.2 Consent ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
6.3 Presentation attack detection .................................................................................................................................... 10
6.4 Security considerations ................................................................................................................................................ 11
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
7 Examples of deployment .............................................................................................................................................. 11
7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
7.2 Use cases ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
7.2.1 Example of system with fingerprint ................................................................................................................... 11
7.2.2 Example of system with multimodal biometrics........................................................................................... 12
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Biometric recognition in-motion ...................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1.1 Purpose and constraints of in-motion biometric system .................................................................... 8
4.1.2 Biometric Performance and error rate ....................................................................................................... 9
4.1.3 Quality/Speed compromise ............................................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Biometric verification vs. biometric identification ...................................................................................... 10
4.2.1 Implementing an in-motion verification system ................................................................................. 10
4.2.2 Implementing an in-motion identification system ............................................................................. 11
4.3 Process Flow in access-related systems ........................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Applicable biometric technologies ...................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.1 Face Modality ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.2 Iris Modality ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
4.4.3 Fingerprint Modality ....................................................................................................................................... 12
4.4.4 Palm Modality .................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.4.5 Complementary modalities .......................................................................................................................... 12
4.5 Enrolment and its quality ....................................................................................................................................... 12
4.6 Ergonomics ................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.6.1 Capture device physical placement ........................................................................................................... 12
4.6.2 Catch Attention .................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.6.3 Feedback signal ................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.7 Biometric information storage ............................................................................................................................. 13
5 Accessibility, usability and guidance ........................................................................................................................... 14
5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................................ 14
5.2 Accessibility .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.3 Usability ......................................................................................................................................................................... 14
5.4 Acceptable Delay for a user for fluid passage ................................................................................................. 15
5.5 Guidance ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
6 Privacy and security considerations ............................................................................................................................ 15
6.1 Data Protection ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
6.2 Presentation attack detection ............................................................................................................................... 16
6.3 Security Considerations........................................................................................................................................... 16
6.4 Consent ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
7 Examples of deployment .................................................................................................................................................. 16
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................................ 16
7.2 Use Cases ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2.1 Example of system with fingerprint ......................................................................................................... 17
7.2.2 Example of system with multimodal biometrics ................................................................................. 17
8 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for is a worldwide standardization. Nationalfederation of
national standards bodies that are members of (ISO or IEC participate in the developmentmember
bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international . Each
member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right
to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC
have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). www.iso.org/directives)
or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. ISO and IEC in respect thereof. As of the date of
publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to
implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest
information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents or the
IEC list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch). ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development
of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation onof the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see
www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.The committee responsible for thisThis document iswas prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC
JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics .vi © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved vii
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the use of in-motion biometric recognition
technologies in access-related systems, where the previous enrolment and management of the identity
of individuals needing access is required.To satisfy increasing security demands, biometric recognition technologies are used in access-related
systems to provide a more robust approach to identity authentication, and to mitigate security risks.
However, this can come at a cost of increased processing times and lead to delays in user identification
or verification.Biometric identification and verification should be comprehensive and flexible for effective use in an
access-related environment. Solutions should reduce user burden, be easy to manage, cost effective,
maintain the security requirements, and provide permission-based access and global interoperability as
necessary. Biometric systems should effectively allow authorized users’ access, incorporate mechanical
and behavioural mechanisms to refer unenrolled persons to human personnel and alert facilities to
unauthorized users attempting to gain access. Systems should also provide a seamless, accurate and non-
invasive user experience.Considerable improvements in the performance of in-motion biometric recognition, have resulted in
applications that enable automated, convenient and non-intrusive face, iris or fingerprint recognition
across a range of scenarios including border control, passenger flow facilitation, access control and work
place time and attendance. This provides a positive and non-intrusive user experience, as the user does
not need to carry anything or stop and stand still to be recognized and does not need to touch anything.
There are several considerations that are unique to in-motion biometric solutions for design of
contactless biometric recognition systems. Design considerations include:— selectionSelection and placement of biometric data capturing devices (e.g. cameras);).
— controlControl of the flow of individuals requiring access to ensure that only those that are authorized
gain access;.— proximityProximity of capture devices to individuals seeking access for the contactless in-motion
capture of the needed information. The proximity of the biometric capture devices can depend on the
employed biometric modalities; .— managementManagement of exceptions;.
— mutualMutual placement of capture devices and equipment dedicated to physical access-control (e.g.
door, barrier, turnstile, …).).A number of use cases involving in-motion biometrics address different scenarios including:
— where access is on the basis of the prior enrolment of all individuals well in advance of interacting
with the biometric system (identification);— where access is on the basis of credentials presented just prior to interacting with the biometric
system (verification) (e.g. Bluetooth/Wi-Fi/wireless technology, RFID token or a vehicle number
plate or any other token available without any interruption to the person's flow of movement).
These scenarios present different challenges to in-motion verification and identification processes.
Critical to the success of biometrics-based secure access is implementation of state-of-the-art data
[1]protection technology and procedures (see too ISO/IEC 20889 [1] on Privacyprivacy enhancing data
de-identification techniques, in accordance withaccording to the privacy principles established in
[3]ISO/IEC 29100 [3],, taking into account legal, common practice, business, industry and privacy
considerations).viii © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:(E)
An important factor in in-motion biometric recognition is its ability to sense/detect presentation attacks
[5]per ISO/IEC 30107-3 [5] (Testing and reporting). .
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved ix
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:202#(X:(E)
Information Technologytechnology — Biometric recognition of
subjects in motion in access-related systems
1 Scope
This document establishes requirements for development of biometric solutions for verification and
identification processes for secure access without physical contact with any device at any time. The
solution acquires the biometric characteristics that are captured while the data subjects are in motion to
verify or identify the individuals requiring access, and thus controlling access using contactless
biometrics.2 Normative references
The following documents, are referred to in wholethe text in such a way that some or in part, are
normatively referenced inall of their content constitutes requirements of this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 2382-37, Information Technology –technology — Vocabulary –— Part 37: Biometrics
ISO/IEC 19795-1, Information technology — Biometric performance testing and reporting — Part 1:
Principles and framework3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 2382-37, ISO/IEC 19795-
1 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:– IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/3.1
in-motion identification
identification for which a person in motion can be identified without physical contact with any device at
any time3.2
non in-motion identification
identification for which a person needs to stop to be identified
3.3
in-motion verification
verification for which a person in motion can be verified without physical contact with any device at any
time3.4
recognition area
area where biometric characteristics are captured and biometric recognition can be performed
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ISO/IEC PRF TS 22604:202#(X:(E)
3.5
attraction point
distraction in the field of view of the people in the recognition area that pulls the attention of the people
making them look in a specific direction3.6
access point
location, typically with a physical barrier, where users are identified and pass through to enter an access-
controlled area3.7
feedback signal
signal for the identified user providing him or her information on the status of his or her access
authorization3.8
authorized user list
list containing the information and biometrics for identifying authorized users
3.9
unauthorized user list
list containing the information and biometrics for identifying unauthorized users
3.10alert list
list containing the information and biometrics for identifying unauthorized users for which an alert
needneeds to be raised in case of identification4 Biometric recognition in motion
4.1 General
4.1.1 Purpose and constraints of in-motion biometric system
In-motion access-related systems allow users to be identified without stopping and without any physical
contact with any device. The targeted optimal solution should be handled to grant access to an area using
biometrics without asking the users to perform any specific action and without any additional constraint
on them compared to a crossing without biometric identification. However, the live biometric data
needed to identify the users should be as good as possible to avoid a false rejection, and this tends to add
constraints on the users (e.g. look in a specific direction, perform a specific action like removing their
glasses, …).). At the end, it is all about the user experience: of course,; additional constraints on how to
behave while crossing the access control point are bad for the user experience. One of these constraints
is to be obliged to stop, and in-motion systems try to remove it. But a false rejection of an authorized user
is also a very bad experience for them and should be avoided in any case. Therefore, there is a trade-off
to find between a complete freedom of movement and behaviorbehaviour and the constraints added to
the user to get captured with good quality images. The good thingOne positive aspect is that, in the
authorized user list use case, the biometric capture subject wants to get access to the secured area
protected by the biometric check and can be expected to be more or less cooperative. In this case, there
is definitely a way to provide a good user experience with an in-motion system with low FTA and low
FRR.A biometric system can be considered in-motion when subjects do not stop/pause for the biometric
capture process. They can slow down and perform few actions (without any physical contact with a
sensor). It is not required that all authorized users cross the access control point without stopping but
most of them should be able to. The operator should decide the tradeofftrade-off between convenience
and security depending on the application.2 © ISO #### /IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IE
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