ISO 13061-14:2024

Physical and mechanical properties of wood - Test methods for small clear wood specimens - Part 14: Determination of volumetric shrinkage

This document specifies methods for the determination of volumetric shrinkage of wood.

Propriétés physiques et mécaniques du bois — Méthodes d'essais sur petites éprouvettes de bois sans défauts — Partie 14: Détermination du retrait volumique

L'ISO 13061-14 :2016 spécifie des méthodes de détermination du retrait volumique du bois.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Feb-2024
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 218 - Timber
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 218 - Timber
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 09-Feb-2024
• Due Date: 23-Nov-2024
• Completion Date: 09-Feb-2024

Relations

• Revises: ISO 13061-14:2016 - Physical and mechanical properties of wood - Test methods for small clear wood specimens - Part 14: Determination of volumetric shrinkage
• Effective Date: 26-Nov-2022

Overview

ISO 13061-14:2024 specifies standardized test methods for determining volumetric shrinkage of wood using small clear specimens. The standard defines two accepted procedures - the stereometric method (linear dimension measurements) and the immersion method (water displacement) - to measure the change in specimen volume from a green or fully saturated state to an oven‑dry state. Results are reported as percentage volumetric shrinkage with prescribed calculation and reporting conventions.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope: Methods for determination of volumetric shrinkage of wood from green/fully saturated to oven‑dry condition.
• Two measurement methods:
  • Stereometric method: Volume computed from measured radial, tangential (and optionally longitudinal) dimensions. Linear measuring instruments must read to 0.02 mm.
  • Immersion method: Volume measured by mass of displaced distilled water; balance accuracy 0.001 g (1 mg), volume read to 0.01 cm³.
• Apparatus: Forced convection oven maintained at (103 ± 2) °C, desiccator, vessel with distilled water, balance (0.001 g), and dimension gauges (0.02 mm).
• Specimen preparation and size:
  • Rectangular prisms for stereometric method: at least 20 mm in radial and tangential directions; at least 5 mm along grain if longitudinal shrinkage is neglected; minimum 100 mm length if longitudinal shrinkage is included.
  • Immersion method specimens: any shape with a minimum volume of 4 cm³.
  • Annual ring inclination to tangential faces shall not exceed 10°.
  • Measurement points marked at the center of each surface.
• Moisture conditioning: Initial measurements must be taken at or above the fibre saturation point (FSP). If below FSP, specimens are soaked in distilled water at (20 ± 2) °C until dimensional/volume stability is achieved (checked every 3 days; stability criterion 0.01 mm or 0.01 cm³).
• Drying to constant mass: Oven dry at (103 ± 2) °C, check weight changes every 8 h until successive change ≤ 0.2% (or dimensional change ≤ 0.02 mm). Discard specimens that develop checks.
• Calculations and reporting: Formulas provided for volumetric shrinkage (with and without longitudinal shrinkage). Results expressed to the nearest 0.1%; report mean and standard deviation to 0.1%.

Applications and users

• Practical for wood scientists, material testing laboratories, timber product manufacturers, drying and kiln operators, product certification bodies, and researchers.
• Common uses:
  • Characterizing dimensional stability of wood species and processed wood products.
  • Informing drying schedules, product design tolerances, and quality control.
  • Supporting comparative studies of species, treatments, composites, and engineered wood products.

Related standards

• ISO 3129 - Sampling methods and general requirements for small clear wood specimens.
• ISO 24294 - Timber vocabulary (terms and definitions used by this standard).

Keywords: ISO 13061-14, volumetric shrinkage, wood testing, stereometric method, immersion method, oven-dry, fibre saturation point, timber testing, physical properties of wood.

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO 13061-14
Second edition
Physical and mechanical properties
2024-02
of wood — Test methods for small
clear wood specimens —
Part 14:
Determination of volumetric
shrinkage
Propriétés physiques et mécaniques du bois — Méthodes d'essais
sur petites éprouvettes de bois sans défauts —
Partie 14: Détermination du retrait volumique
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Sampling . 1
6 Stereometric method . 2
6.1 Apparatus .2
6.2 Preparation of test pieces .2
6.2.1 Dimensions of test pieces .2
6.2.2 Inclination of annual rings of test pieces .2
6.2.3 Marking of measurement points .3
6.3 Procedure .3
6.3.1 Determination of the dimensions of test pieces in green or fully saturated
condition .3
6.3.2 Determination of the dimensions of test pieces at oven-dry state .3
6.4 Calculation and expression of results .3
7 Immersion method . 4
7.1 Apparatus .4
7.2 Preparation of test pieces for immersion method .4
7.3 Procedure .4
7.3.1 Determination of the volume of test pieces in green or fully saturated condition .4
7.3.2 Determination of the volume of test pieces at oven-dry state .4
7.4 Calculation and expression of results .4
8 Test report . 5

iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 218, Timber.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13061-14:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— changes in the sizes and measurements of test pieces and the calculation of test results.
A list of all parts in the ISO 13061 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
The main purpose of this document is to establish the common international point of member countries of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), concerning testing methods for small clear wood
specimens and general requirements for determining physical and mechanical properties of wood.

v
International Standard ISO 13061-14:2024(en)
Physical and mechanical properties of wood — Test methods
for small clear wood specimens —
Part 14:
Determination of volumetric shrinkage
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for the determination of volumetric shrinkage of wood.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
...