ISO/DTS 11665-13
(Main)Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Air: radon 222 — Part 13: Determination of the diffusion coefficient in waterproof materials: membrane two-side activity concentration test method
Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Air: radon 222 — Part 13: Determination of the diffusion coefficient in waterproof materials: membrane two-side activity concentration test method
ISO/TS 11665-13:2017 specifies the different methods intended for assessing the radon diffusion coefficient in waterproofing materials such as bitumen or polymeric membranes, coatings or paints, as well as assumptions and boundary conditions that shall be met during the test. ISO/TS 11665-13:2017 is not applicable for porous materials, where radon diffusion depends on porosity and moisture content.
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement — Air : radon 222 — Partie 13: Détermination du coefficient de diffusion des matériaux imperméables : méthode de mesurage de l'activité volumique des deux côtés de la membrane
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Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Specification
ISO/TC 85/SC 2
Measurement of radioactivity in the
Secretariat: AFNOR
environment — Air: radon 222 —
Voting begins on:
2025-09-09
Part 13:
Determination of the diffusion
Voting terminates on:
2025-11-04
coefficient in waterproof materials:
membrane two-side activity
concentration test method
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement — Air : radon
222 —
Partie 13: Détermination du coefficient de diffusion des
matériaux imperméables : méthode de mesurage de l'activité
volumique des deux côtés de la membrane
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
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BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Specification
ISO/TC 85/SC 2
Measurement of radioactivity in the
Secretariat: AFNOR
environment — Air: radon 222 —
Voting begins on:
Part 13:
Determination of the diffusion
Voting terminates on:
coefficient in waterproof materials:
membrane two-side activity
concentration test method
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement — Air :
radon 222 —
Partie 13: Détermination du coefficient de diffusion des
matériaux imperméables : méthode de mesurage de l'activité
volumique des deux côtés de la membrane
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 4
5 Principle of the test method . 5
6 Measuring system . 5
6.1 Components of the measuring system .5
6.2 Configuration of the measuring system .6
7 Test methods . 9
7.1 General information.9
7.2 Method A — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of non-
stationary radon diffusion .10
7.3 Method B — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of stationary
radon diffusion .10
7.4 Method C — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of stationary
radon diffusion established during ventilation of the receiver container .11
7.5 Method D — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during stationary radon
activity concentrations in the source and receiver containers . 12
8 General application procedures .13
8.1 Preparation of samples . 13
8.2 Fixing the samples in the measuring device .14
8.3 Test of radon-tightness, assessment of the radon leakage rate of the receiver container .14
8.4 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method A .14
8.5 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method B . 15
8.6 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method C .16
8.7 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method D.18
8.8 General requirements for performing the tests .18
9 Influence quantities .20
10 Expression of results .20
10.1 Relative uncertainty . 20
10.2 Decision threshold and detection limit .21
10.3 Limits of the confidence interval .21
11 Quality management and calibration of the test device .21
12 Test report .21
Annex A (informative) Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of
stationary radon diffusion according to method C .23
Annex B (informative) Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of non-
stationary radon diffusion .28
Bibliography .36
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 11665-13:2017), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— 6.2: configuration of the measuring system has been revised and supplemented with new figures to
show different configuration options with different types of radon sources and radon detectors;
— new 7.5: Method D (determining the radon diffusion coefficient from the stationary radon activity
concentrations in receiver and source containers) has been introduces;
— 8.4: a new procedure for determining the minimum duration of decisive measurement has been
established for method A;
— 8.5: a revised procedure for determining the minimum duration of decisive measurement has been
established for method B;
— new 8.7 has been inserted describing the measurement procedure according to method D;
— 8.8: the procedures for determining the minimum radon activity concentration in the source container
and for situations when the growth curve is not clearly determined, or when no radon penetrates the
receiver container were specified.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11665 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Radon isotopes 222, 219 and 220 are radioactive gases produced by the disintegration of radium isotopes
226, 223 and 224, which are decay products of uranium-238, uranium-235 and thorium-232, respectively,
and are all found in the earth's crust. Solid elements, also radioactive, followed by stable lead are produced
[1]
by radon disintegration .
When disintegrating, radon emits alpha particles and generates solid decay products, which are also
radioactive (polonium, bismuth, lead, etc.). The potential effects on human health of radon lie in its solid
decay products rather than the gas itself. Whether or not they are attached to atmospheric aerosols, radon
decay products can be inhaled and deposited in
...
ISO /TC 85/SC 2
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2025-07-25xx
Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Air: radon 222
— —
Part 13:
Determination of the diffusion coefficient in waterproof materials:
membrane two-side activity concentration test method
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement — Air : radon 222 —
Partie 13: Détermination du coefficient de diffusion des matériaux imperméables : méthode de mesurage de
l'activité volumique des deux côtés de la membrane
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 5
5 Principle of the test method . 5
6 Measuring system . 6
6.1 Components of the measuring system . 6
6.2 Configuration of the measuring system . 6
7 Test methods . 9
7.1 General information . 9
7.2 Method A — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of non-
stationary radon diffusion . 10
7.3 Method B — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of stationary
radon diffusion . 10
7.4 Method C — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of stationary
radon diffusion established during ventilation of the receiver container . 11
7.5 Method D — Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during stationary radon activity
concentrations in the source and receiver containers . 12
8 General application procedures . 13
8.1 Preparation of samples . 13
8.2 Fixing the samples in the measuring device . 13
8.3 Test of radon-tightness, assessment of the radon leakage rate of the receiver container 14
8.4 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method A . 14
8.5 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method B . 15
8.6 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method C . 16
8.7 Determining the radon diffusion coefficient according to method D . 18
8.8 General requirements for performing the tests . 18
9 Influence quantities . 20
10 Expression of results . 21
10.1 Relative uncertainty . 21
10.2 Decision threshold and detection limit . 21
10.3 Limits of the confidence interval . 21
11 Quality management and calibration of the test device . 22
12 Test report . 22
Annex A (informative) Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of
stationary radon diffusion according to method C . 24
Annex B (informative) Determining the radon diffusion coefficient during the phase of non-
stationary radon diffusion . 30
Bibliography . 38
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 11665-13:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— 6.2— 6.2 :: configuration of the measuring system has been revised and supplemented with new
figures to show different configuration options with different types of radon sources and radon detectors;
— — new 7.57.5 :: Method D (determining the radon diffusion coefficient from the stationary radon activity
concentrations in receiver and source containers) has been introduces;
— 8.4— 8.4 :: a new procedure for determining the minimum duration of decisive measurement has
been established for method A;
— 8.5— 8.5 :: a revised procedure for determining the minimum duration of decisive measurement has
been established for method B;
— — new 8.78.7 has been inserted describing the measurement procedure according to method D;
— 8.8— 8.8 :: the procedures for determining the minimum radon activity concentration in the source
container and for situations when the growth curve is not clearly determined, or when no radon
penetrates the receiver container were specified.
A list of all parts in the ISO 11665 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
Radon isotopes 222, 219 and 220 are radioactive gases produced by the disintegration of radium isotopes
226, 223 and 224, which are decay products of uranium-238, uranium-235 and thorium-232, respectively,
and are all found in the earth's crust. Solid elements, also radioactive, followed by stable lead are produced by
[ [1] ]
radon disintegration 0 . .
When disintegrating, radon emits alpha particles and generates solid decay products, which are also
radioactive (polonium, bismuth, lead, etc.). The potential effects on human health of radon lie in its solid decay
products rather than the gas itself. Whether or not they are attached to atmospheric aerosols, radon decay
products can be inhaled and deposited in the bronchopulmonary tree to varying depths according to their
size.
[ [2]]
Radon is today considered to be the main source of human exposure to natural radiation. UNSCEAR 0
suggests that, at the worldwide level, radon accounts for around 52 % of global average exposure to natural
radiation. The radiological impact of isotope 222 (48 %) is far more significant than isotope 220 (4 %), while
isotope 219 is considered negligible. For this reason, references to radon in this document refer only to radon-
222.
Radon activity concentration can vary from one to more orders of magnitude over time and space. Exposure
to radon and its decay products varies tremendously from one area to another, as it depends on the amount
of radon emitted by the soil, weather conditions, and on the degree of containment in the areas where
individuals are exposed.
As radon tends to concentrate in enclosed spaces like houses, the main part of the population exposure is due
to indoor radon. Soil gas is recognized as the most important source of residential radon through infiltration
[ ] [3]
pathways. Other sources are described in other parts of ISO 11665 series and ISO 13164 series 0 for water .
Radon enters into buildings via diffusion mechanism caused by the all-time existing difference between radon
activity concentrations in the underlying soil and inside the building, and via convection mechanism
inconstantly generated by a difference in pressure between the air in the building and the air contained in the
underlying soil. Indoor radon activity concentration depends on radon activity concentration in the
underlying soil, the building structure, the equipment (chimney, ventilation systems, among others), the
environmental parameters of the building (temperature, pressure, etc.) and the occupants’ lifestyle.
−3
To limit the risk to individuals, a national reference level of 100 Bq·m is recommended by the World Health
[ [8]] −3
Organization. 0. Wherever this is not possible, this reference level should not exceed 300 Bq·m . This
recommendation was endorsed by the European Community Member States that shall establish national
reference levels for indoor radon activity concentrations. The reference levels for the annual average activity
−3[ [4] ]
concentration in air shall not be higher than 300 Bq·m 0 . .
To reduce the risk to the overall population, building codes should be implemented that require radon
prevention measures in buildings under construction and radon mitigating measures in existing buildings.
Radon measurements are needed because building codes alone cannot guarantee that radon concentrations
are below the reference level.
When a building requires protection against radon from the soil, radon-proof insulation (based on
membranes, coatings or paints) placed between the soil and the indoors may be used as a stand-alone radon
prevention/remediation strategy or in combination with other techniques such as passive or active soil
depressurization. Radon-proof insulation functions at the same time as the waterproof insulation.
Radon diffus
...
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