ISO 834-11:2014
(Main)Fire resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 11: Specific requirements for the assessment of fire protection to structural steel elements
Fire resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 11: Specific requirements for the assessment of fire protection to structural steel elements
The assessment detailed in ISO 834-11:2014 is designed to cover a range of thicknesses of the fire protection material, a range of steel sections characterized by their section factors, a range of design temperatures, and a range of valid fire resistance classification periods. ISO 834-11:2014 covers fire protection systems that include both passive (boards, mats, slabs, and spray materials) and reactive materials as defined in this document. The assessment procedure is used to establish: a) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing loaded and unloaded specimens, a correction factor and practical constraints on the use of the fire protection system (the physical performance), and b) on the basis of the temperature data derived from testing unloaded short steel specimens, the thermal properties of the fire protection material (the thermal performance). The limits of applicability of the results of the assessment are defined together with permitted direct application of the results to different steel section sizes and strength grades (but not stainless steels) and to the fire protection system tested. The results of the tests obtained according to ISO 834‑10 and the assessment in this part of ISO 834 are directly applicable to steel sections of "I" and "H" cross-sectional shape and hollow sections. Results from analysis of I or H sections are directly applicable to angles, channels, and T-sections for the same section factor, whether used as individual elements or as part of a fabricated steel truss. The results of the assessment are applicable to fabricated sections. ISO 834-11:2014 does not apply to concrete-filled hollow sections, beams, or columns containing holes or openings of any type or solid bar.
Essais de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction — Partie 11: Exigences spécifiques d'évaluation de la protection au feu appliquées aux éléments des structures en acier
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 834-11
First edition
2014-03-01
Fire resistance tests — Elements of
building construction —
Part 11:
Specific requirements for the
assessment of fire protection to
structural steel elements
Essais de résistance au feu — Éléments de construction —
Partie 11: Exigences spécifiques d’évaluation de la protection au feu
appliquées aux éléments des structures en acier
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Assessment . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Temperature data . 6
5.3 Correction for discrepancy in stickability and insulation performance over the thickness
range tested . 7
5.4 Assessment procedures for thermal performance . 7
5.5 Criteria for acceptability of the assessment method used and the resulting analysis . 7
6 Report of the assessment. 8
7 Limits of the applicability of the results of the assessment. 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Permitted protection thickness for beams .10
7.3 Permitted protection thickness for columns .10
7.4 Permitted section factor for beams .10
7.5 Permitted section factor for columns .10
7.6 Specific issues for passive protection .11
Annex A (normative) The applicability of the results of the assessments for passive protection to
sections other than I or H sections .12
Annex B (normative) Correction of data/nominal thickness .14
Annex C (informative) Assessment methodology: Graphical approach .19
Annex D (informative) Assessment methodology: Differential equation analysis (variable
λ approach) .25
Annex E (informative) Assessment methodology: Differential equation analysis (constant
λ approach) .31
Annex F (informative) Assessment methodology: Numerical regression analysis .34
Annex G (informative) Assessment methodology: 3D Interpolation method (reactive systems) .36
Annex H (normative) Selection of test specimens — Reactive materials .41
Annex I (normative) Selection of test specimens — Passive materials .47
Bibliography .53
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
ISO 834 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire resistance tests — Elements of building
construction:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2: Guidance on measuring uniformity of furnace exposure on test samples [Technical Report]
— Part 3: Commentary on test method and guide to the application of the outputs from the fire-resistance
test [Technical Report]
— Part 4: Specific requirements for loadbearing vertical separating elements
— Part 5: Specific requirements for loadbearing horizontal separating elements
— Part 6: Specific requirements for beams
— Part 7: Specific requirements for columns
— Part 8: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing vertical separating elements
— Part 9: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing ceiling elements
— Part 10: Specific requirements to determine the contribution of applied fire protection materials to
structural steel elements
— Part 11: Specific requirements for the assessment of fire protection to structural steel elements
— Part 12: Specific requirements for separating elements evaluated on less than full scale furnaces
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Technological advances in the fire protection of structural steelwork have resulted in a range of materials
being developed that are now in widespread use throughout the building construction industry. These
are broadly categorized as intumescent coatings, sprays, renders, and boards and are often referred to
as lightweight systems in comparison to the some of the more traditional materials such as brick, block,
and concrete.
Fire protection materials reduce the rate of temperature rise of steel members when exposed to fire by
a variety of methods. Apart from influencing heat transfer mechanism, such as conduction, convection,
and radiation, they often involve thermo-physical transformations, exothermic chemical reactions,
as well as shape changes that increase the thickness of the material and delay the rate at which the
underlying steel substrate heats up. Relatively simple changes such as the release of free moisture at
around 100 °C, or water of crystallization and sublimation, which all occur within specific temperature
ranges, often result in a plateau of rising temperature versus time of varying magnitude depending
upon the type of material and even the way in which it is applied to the steel substrate.
Understanding the behaviour of fire protection materials is complicated, not least when the physical/
chemical reactions and changes in thermal properties occur at different temperatures and at different
rates, depending on their chemical constitution and reaction temperature. This makes the development
of suitable standards for testing and quantifying their behaviour as insulation materials difficult.
In addition, with recent advances in structural fire engineering in which steel members are no longer
considered to fail at a unique temperature, information on fire protection thicknesses is a requirement
that can be specified over a range of limiting temperatures depending upon the type of loading system
(bending, shear, tension, and compression), the magnitude of the applied loads, and the degree of
exposure of the surface with respect to the fire/furnace.
Therefore, to rationalize the behaviour of fire protection products for protecting structural steelwork
into simple design tables that manufacturers can use to specify their products involves the permutation
of a large number of parameters.
In Europe, the development of testing and assessment protocols for fire protecting structural steel
commenced during the 1990s under a European mandate within CEN TC127 (Fire resistance tests) and
was the beginning of drafting European standards such as DD ENV YYY5. Since then, fire protection
manufacturers in collaboration with the test laboratories throughout Europe have developed a series
of test packages and assessment methods over the past 15 years which have been through a rigorous
appraisal process by the fire protection industry. This work has culminated in the drafting of EN 13381
Parts 4 and 8 which broadly cover passive and reactive products.
Some of the key issues in developing these standards have been identifying the number of specimens
required in a test package to characterize the performance of a fire protection product over the range of
fire resistance times, applicable section factors, type of structural element, and design temperature. In
addition, because of the vagaries in fire resistance testing, it has been necessary to establish a rationale
for applying correction factors to the test results for use in the assessment process partly to maximize
the validity of the data and keep the costs of testing to a minimum.
In Europe, four assessment methods have been developed, referred to as Graphical method, Differential
equation analysis (variable l), Differential equation analysis (constant l), and Numerical regression
analysis. Each method has been through a process of validation and are now included in the standards
EN 13381 Parts 4 and 8.
In this part of ISO 834, the four methods have been directly incorporated into the standard and technically
are identical to the European counterparts. However, it is recognized that other assessment methods
may be suitable and therefore this part of ISO 834 provides a set of criteria for their acceptability. One
such method which has undergone an evaluation process and meets the criteria for acceptability is the
3D method developed in the UK and currently used for reactive materials.
The 3D
...
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