ISO/IEC 20085-1:2019
(Main)IT Security techniques — Test tool requirements and test tool calibration methods for use in testing non-invasive attack mitigation techniques in cryptographic modules — Part 1: Test tools and techniques
IT Security techniques — Test tool requirements and test tool calibration methods for use in testing non-invasive attack mitigation techniques in cryptographic modules — Part 1: Test tools and techniques
This document provides specifications for non-invasive attack test tools and provides information about how to operate such tools. The purpose of the test tools is the collection of signals (i.e. side-channel leakage) and their analysis as a non-invasive attack on a cryptographic module implementation under test (IUT).
Techniques de sécurité IT — Exigences de l'outil de test et méthodes d'étalonnage de l'outil de test utilisées pour tester les techniques d'atténuation des attaques non invasives dans les modules cryptographiques — Partie 1: Outils et techniques de test
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 20085-1
First edition
2019-10
IT Security techniques — Test tool
requirements and test tool calibration
methods for use in testing non-
invasive attack mitigation techniques
in cryptographic modules —
Part 1:
Test tools and techniques
Techniques de sécurité IT — Exigences de l'outil de test et méthodes
d'étalonnage de l'outil de test utilisées pour tester les techniques
d'atténuation des attaques non invasives dans les modules
cryptographiques —
Partie 1: Outils et techniques de test
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Test tools . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Types of side-channels . 4
5.2.1 General. 4
5.2.2 Power consumption . 4
5.2.3 Electromagnetic emissions . 4
5.2.4 Computation time . 4
5.3 Categorization of test tool . 4
5.4 Test tool components . 5
5.4.1 General. 5
5.4.2 Measurement tool . 5
5.4.3 Analysis tool . 7
5.4.4 Functional items of test tools components . 7
6 Test techniques and associated approaches . 8
6.1 Operation . 8
6.2 Interaction between the measurement tool and the IUT . 9
6.3 Interaction between the analysis tool and the IUT . 9
6.4 Interaction between the analysis tool and the measurement tool . 9
Annex A (informative) Selection of test methods and approaches .10
Annex B (informative) Example of measurement tool .15
Annex C (informative) Data exchange and storing technologies .17
Bibliography .18
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of
technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also
take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see http:// patents .iec .ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 20085 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Cryptographic modules provide cryptographic services and protect critical security parameters
(CSPs). Protection of CSPs can either be logical, physical, or both. However, information such as
knowledge of CSPs can leak out of the cryptographic module when manipulated, if the module is
not designed to mitigate such leakage. Without mitigation, a malicious attacker can record available
side-channel leakage. This leakage is a physical quantity related to the CSPs and can be analysed in a
manner to extract knowledge of those parameters. Such analysis is passive, in that it simply collects
the side-channel leakage utilizing measurement apparatus which is freely available. Notice that the
measurement tool can be adaptively controlled. This kind of extraction and analysis is referred to as
non-invasive. Techniques which allow the extraction of CSPs out of this non-invasive leakage is termed
an “attack” on the module.
This document focuses on the measurement and analysis of side-channel information. Side-channel
non-invasive test tools can be automated to collect such leakage. To characterize the quality of the
test tools, metrics are needed, such as signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (described in ISO/IEC 20085-2).
ISO/IEC 20085 (all parts) addresses the measurement and analysis techniques. Those are automated in
a test tool. The functionality and the operation of a test tool are described in ISO/IEC 20085 (all parts).
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 20085-1:2019(E)
IT Security techniques — Test tool requirements and test
tool calibration methods for use in testing non-invasive
attack mitigation techniques in cryptographic modules —
Part 1:
Test tools and techniques
1 Scope
This document provides specifications for non-invasive attack test tools and provides information
about how to operate such tools. The purpose of the test tools is the collection of signals (i.e. side-
channel leakage) and their analysis as a non-invasive attack on a cryptographic module implementation
under test (IUT).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 19790:2012, Information technology — Security techniques — Security requirements for
cryptographic modules
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given ISO/IEC 19790 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
advanced side-channel analysis
ASCA
advanced exploitation of the fact that the instantaneous side-channels emitted by a cryptographic
device depends on the data it processes and on the operation it performs to retrieve secret parameters
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with algebraic side-channel analysis (SCA).
Note 2 to entry: The adjective “advanced”, opposed to “simple”, qualifies side-channel analyses which require
multiple side-channel measurements (see 6.2).
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17825:2016, 3.1, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2
analysis tool
test tool component with the ability to control the measurement process, read the recorded
measurements, perform post-processing of the recorded measurements, and identify any valid attacks
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved 1
3.3
application-specific tool
tool dedicated to the measurements and analyses required by ISO/IEC 20085 (all parts)
Note 1 to entry: Antonym of laboratory-assembled tool.
3.4
batch measurement
measurement that includes signals related to repeated execution of one cryptographic operation with
a single or with different inputs
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1.
3.5
cartography
procedure involving placing a sensor at various positions and taking measurements at each of them to
create a spatial (or visual) representation of some data
Note 1 to entry: See A.8.
3.6
horizontal attack
HA
modus operandi where sensitive information is extracted from a single measurement split into
several parts
Note 1 to entry: The single measurement can be an averaged measurement obtained from a batch of
measurements where repeated operations are conducted with the same cryptographic inputs.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17825:2016, 3.8, modified — Note to entry has been added.]
3.7
implementation under test
IUT
implementation which is tested based on methods specified in ISO/IEC 17825:2016
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17825:2016, 3.9, modified — The words “in this International Standard” have been
replaced with “in ISO/IEC 17825:2016”.]
3.8
laboratory assembled tool
tool made by assembly of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products
Note 1 to entry: Antonym of application-specific tool (3.3).
3.9
measurement tool
test tool component with the ability to measure signals in digital format (scalar or vector), time-
synchronized with a trigger signal, and that records permanently or transiently the measurements for
subsequent analysis
3.10
multivariate trace
trace made up of several samples
EXAMPLE The measurement of an electromagnetic field
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 20085-1
First edition
2019-10
IT Security techniques — Test tool
requirements and test tool calibration
methods for use in testing non-
invasive attack mitigation techniques
in cryptographic modules —
Part 1:
Test tools and techniques
Techniques de sécurité IT — Exigences de l'outil de test et méthodes
d'étalonnage de l'outil de test utilisées pour tester les techniques
d'atténuation des attaques non invasives dans les modules
cryptographiques —
Partie 1: Outils et techniques de test
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 Test tools . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Types of side-channels . 4
5.2.1 General. 4
5.2.2 Power consumption . 4
5.2.3 Electromagnetic emissions . 4
5.2.4 Computation time . 4
5.3 Categorization of test tool . 4
5.4 Test tool components . 5
5.4.1 General. 5
5.4.2 Measurement tool . 5
5.4.3 Analysis tool . 7
5.4.4 Functional items of test tools components . 7
6 Test techniques and associated approaches . 8
6.1 Operation . 8
6.2 Interaction between the measurement tool and the IUT . 9
6.3 Interaction between the analysis tool and the IUT . 9
6.4 Interaction between the analysis tool and the measurement tool . 9
Annex A (informative) Selection of test methods and approaches .10
Annex B (informative) Example of measurement tool .15
Annex C (informative) Data exchange and storing technologies .17
Bibliography .18
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of
technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also
take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see http:// patents .iec .ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 20085 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Cryptographic modules provide cryptographic services and protect critical security parameters
(CSPs). Protection of CSPs can either be logical, physical, or both. However, information such as
knowledge of CSPs can leak out of the cryptographic module when manipulated, if the module is
not designed to mitigate such leakage. Without mitigation, a malicious attacker can record available
side-channel leakage. This leakage is a physical quantity related to the CSPs and can be analysed in a
manner to extract knowledge of those parameters. Such analysis is passive, in that it simply collects
the side-channel leakage utilizing measurement apparatus which is freely available. Notice that the
measurement tool can be adaptively controlled. This kind of extraction and analysis is referred to as
non-invasive. Techniques which allow the extraction of CSPs out of this non-invasive leakage is termed
an “attack” on the module.
This document focuses on the measurement and analysis of side-channel information. Side-channel
non-invasive test tools can be automated to collect such leakage. To characterize the quality of the
test tools, metrics are needed, such as signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) (described in ISO/IEC 20085-2).
ISO/IEC 20085 (all parts) addresses the measurement and analysis techniques. Those are automated in
a test tool. The functionality and the operation of a test tool are described in ISO/IEC 20085 (all parts).
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 20085-1:2019(E)
IT Security techniques — Test tool requirements and test
tool calibration methods for use in testing non-invasive
attack mitigation techniques in cryptographic modules —
Part 1:
Test tools and techniques
1 Scope
This document provides specifications for non-invasive attack test tools and provides information
about how to operate such tools. The purpose of the test tools is the collection of signals (i.e. side-
channel leakage) and their analysis as a non-invasive attack on a cryptographic module implementation
under test (IUT).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 19790:2012, Information technology — Security techniques — Security requirements for
cryptographic modules
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given ISO/IEC 19790 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
advanced side-channel analysis
ASCA
advanced exploitation of the fact that the instantaneous side-channels emitted by a cryptographic
device depends on the data it processes and on the operation it performs to retrieve secret parameters
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with algebraic side-channel analysis (SCA).
Note 2 to entry: The adjective “advanced”, opposed to “simple”, qualifies side-channel analyses which require
multiple side-channel measurements (see 6.2).
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17825:2016, 3.1, modified — Notes to entry have been added.]
3.2
analysis tool
test tool component with the ability to control the measurement process, read the recorded
measurements, perform post-processing of the recorded measurements, and identify any valid attacks
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved 1
3.3
application-specific tool
tool dedicated to the measurements and analyses required by ISO/IEC 20085 (all parts)
Note 1 to entry: Antonym of laboratory-assembled tool.
3.4
batch measurement
measurement that includes signals related to repeated execution of one cryptographic operation with
a single or with different inputs
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1.
3.5
cartography
procedure involving placing a sensor at various positions and taking measurements at each of them to
create a spatial (or visual) representation of some data
Note 1 to entry: See A.8.
3.6
horizontal attack
HA
modus operandi where sensitive information is extracted from a single measurement split into
several parts
Note 1 to entry: The single measurement can be an averaged measurement obtained from a batch of
measurements where repeated operations are conducted with the same cryptographic inputs.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17825:2016, 3.8, modified — Note to entry has been added.]
3.7
implementation under test
IUT
implementation which is tested based on methods specified in ISO/IEC 17825:2016
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17825:2016, 3.9, modified — The words “in this International Standard” have been
replaced with “in ISO/IEC 17825:2016”.]
3.8
laboratory assembled tool
tool made by assembly of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products
Note 1 to entry: Antonym of application-specific tool (3.3).
3.9
measurement tool
test tool component with the ability to measure signals in digital format (scalar or vector), time-
synchronized with a trigger signal, and that records permanently or transiently the measurements for
subsequent analysis
3.10
multivariate trace
trace made up of several samples
EXAMPLE The measurement of an electromagnetic field
...
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