ISO/TS 19139-1:2019
(Main)Geographic information — XML schema implementation — Part 1: Encoding rules
Geographic information — XML schema implementation — Part 1: Encoding rules
This document defines XML based encoding rules for conceptual schemas specifying types that describe geographic resources. The encoding rules support the UML profile as used in the UML models commonly used in the standards developed by ISO/TC 211. The encoding rules use XML schema for the output data structure schema. The encoding rules described in this document are not applicable for encoding UML application schema for geographic features (see ISO 19136 for those rules).
Information géographique — Implémentation de schémas XML — Partie 1: Règles de codage
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19139-1
First edition
2019-03
Geographic information — XML
schema implementation —
Part 1:
Encoding rules
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
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Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 2
4.2 Namespace abbreviations . 2
4.3 UML model stereotypes. 3
4.3.1 Overview of UML model stereotypes . 3
4.3.2 Stereotypes of classes . 3
4.3.3 Stereotypes of attributes . 3
4.3.4 Stereotypes of links . 3
4.3.5 Stereotypes of packages . 4
5 Conformance . 4
6 Requirements for encoding . 4
6.1 Overview of requirements . 4
6.2 Rule-based . 4
6.3 Quality . 5
6.4 Web implementations . 5
6.5 Use of external XML implementations . 5
6.6 Polymorphism . 5
7 Encoding rules . 5
7.1 Overview of encoding rules . 5
7.2 Default encoding . 6
7.2.1 XML class type (XCT) . . 6
7.2.2 XML Class Global Element (XCGE) . 8
7.2.3 The XML Class Property Type (XCPT) . 9
7.3 Special case encodings .10
7.3.1 Overview of special case encodings .10
7.3.2 Abstract classes .11
7.3.3 Inheritance and sub-class encodings .12
7.3.4 Enumeration encodings .15
7.3.5 CodeList encoding .17
7.3.6 Union encoding .19
7.3.7 Encoding of MetaClasses .21
7.3.8 Encoding of externally identified implementations .22
7.4 XML Namespace package encoding .29
7.5 XML schema package encoding .29
8 Additional encodings .32
9 Encoding for modularity and reuse .32
9.1 UML packages and XML namespaces .32
9.2 UML model for XML implementation .32
9.3 Implementation Approach for Decoupling XML Packages .33
9.3.1 Overview .33
9.3.2 Implementation Approach Rules .33
9.3.3 Example of Decoupling .35
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .38
Annex B (informative) Backward compatibility .39
Bibliography .40
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
This first edition of ISO/TS 19139-1 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 19139:2007, which has been technically
revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19139 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
Introduction
The importance of metadata describing digital geographic data is explained in detail in the text
of ISO 19115-1, and other International Standards, e.g. ISO 19110, ISO 19119, ISO 19157. Those
documents provide a structure for describing digital geographic data by defining metadata elements
and establishing a common set of metadata terminology, definitions and extension procedures. These
standards do not define encodings for those metadata.
To facilitate the standardization of implementations across the standards and in similar domain
schemas, this document provides a definitive set of rules for encoding ISO metadata standards in
Extensible Markup Language (XML). The resulting XML schemas are meant to enhance interoperability
by providing a common specification for describing, validating and exchanging metadata. These rules
are intended to be used in parallel to the rules in ISO 19136:2007, Annex E for encoding application
schemas into XML/GML. The difference is that those rules are for data that represents features; these
rules are for metadata about that data.
ISO 19118 describes the requirements for creating encoding rules based on UML schemas and the XML
based encoding rules as well as introducing XML. This document uses the encoding rules defined in
ISO 19118 and provides the specific details of their application with regards to deriving XML schema
for the UML models for other metadata standards.
These rules were first used in creating ISO/TS 19115-3 as an XML encoding of ISO 19115-1, i.e. ISO/
TS 19115-3 conforms to this document. They were also used to create ISO/TS 19157-2, an encoding of
ISO 19157.
The standardization target of this document is XML implementations of metadata. This includes both
other standards within the Geographic Information series and models developed by other organizations.
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