ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022

Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — New concepts and changes in ISO/IEC 15408:2022 and ISO/IEC 18045:2022

This document: — introduces the break down between the former ISO/IEC 15408 series (ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009, ISO/IEC 15408-2:2008) and ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008) and ISO/IEC 18045:2008 and the new parts introduced in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022; — presents the concepts newly introduced as well as the rationale for their inclusion; — proposes an evolution path and information on how to move from CC 3.1 and CEM 3.1 to the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022, respectively; — maps the evolutions between the CC 3.1 and CEM 3.1 and the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022, respectively.

Sécurité de l'information, cybersécurité et protection de la vie privée — Nouveaux concepts et modifications dans l'ISO/IEC 15408:2022 et l'ISO/IEC 18045:2022

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-May-2022
• ICS: 35.030 - IT Security
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27/WG 3 - Security evaluation, testing and specification
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 17-May-2022
• Completion Date: 17-May-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR
REPORT 22216
First edition
2022-05
Information security, cybersecurity
and privacy protection — New
concepts and changes in ISO/IEC
15408:2022 and ISO/IEC 18045:2022
Sécurité de l'information, cybersécurité et protection de la vie
privée — Nouveaux concepts et modifications dans l'ISO/IEC
15408:2022 et l'ISO/IEC 18045:2022
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
© ISO/IEC 2022

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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
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© ISO/IEC 2022
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Overview . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Structure of this document . 2
4.3 Impacts of the revision on the structure and partition of the documents . 2
4.4 Using this document for transitional information . 4
4.5 Using the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 for specific needs . 4
5 Major new concepts introduced in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/
IEC 18045:2022 . 5
5.1 Approaches to security evaluation . 5
5.1.1 General . 5
5.1.2 The attack-based approach . 6
5.1.3 The specification-based approach . 7
5.2 Modularity . 9
5.2.1 General . 9
5.2.2 Composition mechanisms . 10
5.2.3 Packages . . 11
5.2.4 Modular Protection Profiles .12
5.2.5 Multi-assurance evaluations . 13
5.2.6 Evaluation by composition and multi-assurance . 17
6 Applying the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series to specific needs .21
6.1 Refining and deriving requirements. 21
6.1.1 General . 21
6.1.2 Refinements . 21
6.1.3 Application Notes . 21
6.1.4 Extended requirements . 21
6.2 Refining and deriving evaluation methods . 22
6.2.1 General .22
6.2.2 Attack-based approach . 22
6.2.3 Specification-based approach . 22
6.3 Practical aspects of supporting documents . 22
7 Evolutions in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 .22
7.1 Changes in ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022 . 22
7.2 Changes in ISO/IEC 15408-2:2022 .28
7.3 Changes in ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 . 31
7.4 Addition of ISO/IEC 15408-4:2022 . 42
7.5 Addition of ISO/IEC 15408-5:2022 .44
7.6 Changes in ISO/IEC 18045:2022 .44
Bibliography .45
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
List of Figures
Figure 1 — ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 structure and mapping to
former ISO/IEC 15408 series (ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009, ISO/IEC 15408-2:2008, ISO/
IEC 15408-3:2008) and ISO/IEC 18045:2008 . 3
Figure 2 — Specification-based and attack-based approaches . 6
Figure 3 — Smartphone with hardware key store .14
Figure 4 — IoT gateway with personal area network .15
Figure 5 — POI developer .16
Figure 6 — POI risk owner .16
Figure 7 — POI developer vs risk owner.17
Figure 8 — POI assurance requirements .17
Figure 9 — Multi-assurance TOE .18
Figure 10 — Multiple single evaluations .19
Figure 11 — Composite TOE .19
Figure 12 — Composite evaluation . .20
Figure 13 — Multi-assurance evaluation of a composite TOE .20
Figure 14 — Multi-assurance composite evaluation .21
[14]
Figure 15 — Clause structure — ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .24
[14]
Figure 16 — Contents of a PP —ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .25
[14]
Figure 17 — Contents of an ST — ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .26
[14]
Figure 18 — Contents of a PP-Module — ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .27
Figure 19 — Contents of a PP-Configuration — ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision
[14]
5 .28
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
List of Tables
Table 1 — Overview of newly introduced concepts . 3
Table 2 — Changes in ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022 .23
Table 3 — Changes in ISO/IEC 15408-2:2022 .29
Table 4 — Changes in ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 .31
Table 5 — Class APE — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .31
Table 6 — Class ACE — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .33
Table 7 — Class ASE — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .36
Table 8 — Class ADV — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .38
Table 9 — Class AGD — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .39
Table 10 — Class ALC — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .40
Table 11 — Class ATE — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5.41
Table 12 — Class AVA — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5.41
Table 13 — Class ACO — ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022 vs. CC v3.1 revision 5 .42
Table 14 — ISO/IEC 15408-4:2022 — Summary .42
Table 15 — ISO/IEC 15408-5:2022 — Summary . 44
Table 16 — Changes in ISO/IEC 18045:2022 . 44
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria
needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see https://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
Introduction
The ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 include substantial changes compared to the
former ISO/IEC 15408 series (ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009, ISO/IEC 15408-2:2008 and ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008)
and ISO/IEC 18045:2008 and subsequent Common Criteria and Common Evaluation Methodology
[14]-[17]
Version 3.1 Revision 5 (also called CC 3.1 and CEM 3.1 in the following). The edition:
— covers complex products and communities’ needs;
— offers compatibility with currently existing processes.
The goal of the revision of the ISO/IEC 15408 series (ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009, ISO/IEC 15408-2:2008 and
ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008) and ISO/IEC 18045:2008 was manifold and intended to support and fluidify the
work of all main groups with a general interest in the evaluation of the security properties of Target
of Evaluations (TOEs) by restructuring the documents, introducing new concepts and updating the
existing ones after rigorous consideration of commonly used approaches for the criteria. Specifically,
the revision aimed to:
— take into consideration Common Criteria users, especially existing Mutual Recognition Agreements
(MRAs), and their stakeholders,
1)
NOTE The only existing recognition arrangements are the Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement
2)
(CCRA) and Senior Officials Group — Information Systems Security Mutual Recognition Agreement (SOG-
IS MRA).
— offer continued alignment with the supporting documents developed in the context of the existing
MRAs;
— take into consideration commonly used approaches for the criteria (including but not limited to CC
3.1 and CEM 3.1) and introduce technical changes accordingly.
This document is meant to provide information and support to users of the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series
and ISO/IEC 18045:2022. The audience for this document includes:
— security assurance consumers;
— IT product developers and those authoring Security Targets;
— technical community subject matter experts (SMEs) developing Packages, Protection Profiles,
evaluation methodologies, and other supportive documents;
— evaluators;
— evaluation schemes, and evaluation authorities;
— consultants, including developers of supportive tools;
— others, including those involved with mutual recognition arrangements and academia.
It is expected that the audience for this document is familiar with CC 3.1 and CEM 3.1.
1) https://www.commoncriteriaportal.org/ccra/index.cfm
2) https://sogis.org
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
Information security, cybersecurity and privacy
protection — New concepts and changes in ISO/IEC
15408:2022 and ISO/IEC 18045:2022
1 Scope
This document:
— introduces the break down between the former ISO/IEC 15408 series (ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009,
ISO/IEC 15408-2:2008) and ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008) and ISO/IEC 18045:2008 and the new parts
introduced in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022;
— presents the concepts newly introduced as well as the rationale for their inclusion;
— proposes an evolution path and information on how to move from CC 3.1 and CEM 3.1 to the
ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022, respectively;
— maps the evolutions between the CC 3.1 and CEM 3.1 and the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and
ISO/IEC 18045:2022, respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Evaluation criteria
for IT security — Part 1: Introduction and general model
ISO/IEC 15408-2:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Evaluation criteria
for IT security — Part 2: Security functional components
ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Evaluation criteria
for IT security — Part 3: Security assurance components
ISO/IEC 18045:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Evaluation criteria for
IT security — Methodology for IT security evaluation
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022,
ISO/IEC 15408-2:2022, ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022, and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp;
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/ .
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
3.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 15408-1:2022,
ISO/IEC 15408-2:2022, ISO/IEC 15408-3:2022, and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 and the following apply.
CC Common Criteria
CEM Common Evaluation Methodology
4 Overview
4.1 General
This document is meant to help users of the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 to
understand how they can adapt the use of the standards to their needs by defining:
— supporting documents;
— refinements or application notes;
— extended requirements in an ST or PP;
and how they can use the concepts newly introduced or modified in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and
ISO/IEC 18045:2022.
4.2 Structure of this document
This document has the following structure:
— subclauses 4.3 to 4.5 give an overview of the new structure of the documents in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022
series with the newly introduced technical concepts (in 4.3), usage information of this document
for transitional information (in 4.4) and usage information of the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series for
specific needs, respectively (in 4.5);
— in Clause 5, the major new concepts introduced in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series are presented,
classified and discussed;
— Clause 6 focuses on concrete guidelines for applying the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and
ISO/IEC 18045:2022 for specific needs;
— finally, in Clause 7 the changes introduced and that are specific to each document in the
ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 are mapped and intuitively presented.
4.3 Impacts of the revision on the structure and partition of the documents
The ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series now include five parts.
The ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series has been modified to include two additional parts, namely
ISO/IEC 15408-4:2022 and ISO/IEC 15408-5:2022.
ISO/IEC 15408-4:2022 is a new part that defines a framework for deriving evaluation methods and
activities from the evaluation methodology given in ISO/IEC 18045:2022. These derived evaluation
methods and activities can potentially be included in PPs, PP-Modules, packages, STs and any documents
supporting them.
ISO/IEC 15408-5:2022 is a new part that provides pre-defined security requirements that have been
identified as useful in support of common usage by stakeholders. It contains the text in regard to EALs
(evaluation assurance levels) and CAPs (composed assurance packages) that was previously given in
ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008 and CC 3.1.
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
Figure 1 illustrates the structure and partition of the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022
documents as well as their relationship to the previous editions.
Figure 1 — ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and ISO/IEC 18045:2022 structure and mapping
to former ISO/IEC 15408 series (ISO/IEC 15408-1:2009, ISO/IEC 15408-2:2008,
ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008) and ISO/IEC 18045:2008
Table 1 presents the concepts newly introduced in the ISO/IEC 15408:2022 series and
ISO/IEC 18045:2022 and provides a brief, descriptive overview for each.
Table 1 — Overview of newly introduced concepts
ISO/IEC 15408
Newly intro-
Description Impact
duced concept
Document
ISO/IEC 15408- Exact Conform- A new hierarchical relationship between a PP or a PP-Configuration and ISO/
1:2022 ance an ST whereby all the requirements in the ST are drawn from the PP or the IEC 15408-
PP-Configuration, respectively. An ST is allowed to claim exact conformance 3:2022
to exactly one PP-Configuration; it is allowed to claim exact conformance
ISO/IEC
to one or more PPs.
18045:2022
If a PP states that exact conformance is required, the ST will conform to it
in an exact manner, i.e. it will contain SPD and objectives identical to the
ones in the PP, and the same set of SFRs as the PP with all the assignments
and selections resolved.
Direct Rationale A construct allowing for an alternative method to derive the SFRs. The ISO/
SFRs are specified by direct mapping from the SPD; security objectives for IEC 15408-
the TOE are not included, although security objectives for the operational 3:2022
environment can be specified.

ISO/
This approach can be used with PPs, PP-Modules, STs and/or functional IEC 18045:2022
packages, allowing for a PP-Configuration that adopts a Direct Rationale
approach to be specified.
PP-Modules PP-Modules constitute internally consistent sets of SPD-elements, security ISO/
objectives for the TOE and the operational environment, security functional IEC 15408-
requirements and security assurance requirements, defined in the context 3:2022
of one or more specific PPs and potentially of other PP-Modules.
ISO/
They are meant for addressing specific security features of a given TOE type IEC 18045:2022
that cannot be imposed uniformly for all products of that particular type.
They are used only in conjunction with PP-Configurations.
Multi-assurance A new evaluation paradigm which: ISO/
Evaluation IEC 15408-
— allows evaluating heterogeneous products or systems in a
3:2022
unique and coherent manner;

ISO/
— offers the possibility of adapting the assurance level for a
IEC 18045:2022
product in terms of the different assurance levels of its parts.
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ISO/IEC TR 22216:2022(E)
Table 1 (continued)
ISO/IEC 15408
Newly intro-
Description Impact
duced concept
Document
ISO/IEC 15408- Exact Conform- A new hierarchical relationship between a PP or a PP-Configuration and ISO/
1:2022 ance an ST whereby all the requirements in the ST are drawn from the PP or the IEC 15408-
PP-Configuration, respectively. An ST is allowed to claim exact conformance 3:2022
to exactly one PP-Configuration; it is allowed to claim exact conformance
ISO/IEC
to one or more PPs.
18045:2022
If a PP states that exact conformance is required, the ST will conform to it
in an exact manner, i.e. it will contain SPD and objectives identical to the
ones in the PP, and the same set of SFRs as the PP with all the assignments
and selections resolved.
Composite eval- Real life products have complex supply chains and are most frequently ISO/
uation built by composition. IEC 15408-
3:2022
The composite evaluation method allows and facilitates the evaluation by

each actor involved in the supply chain. In the absence of the composite ISO/
evaluation method, the evaluation of such products would require devel- IEC 18045:2022
opers to provide evidence that they are not in possession of.
ISO/IEC 15408- Complete Formal Inadequacies in a TOE are frequently a consequence of misunderstanding the ISO/
3:2022 TSF model security requirements which, in turn leads to their flawed implement
...