ISO 11495:2019

Jewellery and precious metals - Determination of palladium in palladium alloys - ICP-OES method using an internal standard element

This document describes an analytical procedure for the determination of palladium in palladium alloys with a nominal content up to 990 ? (parts per thousand), including alloys according to ISO 9202.

Joaillerie, bijouterie et métaux précieux — Dosage du palladium dans les alliages de palladium — Méthode par ICP-OES utilisant un étalon interne

Le présent document décrit un mode opératoire analytique pour le dosage du palladium dans les alliages de palladium, d'une teneur nominale allant jusqu'à 990 ? (millièmes), notamment pour les alliages conformes à l'ISO 9202.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-Jul-2019
• ICS: 39.060 - Jewellery
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 174 - Jewellery and precious metals
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 174/WG 1 - Methods for determining fineness
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Start Date: 16-Jun-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO 20049-1:2020 - Solid biofuels - Determination of self-heating of pelletized biofuels - Part 1: Isothermal calorimetry
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 11495:2014 - Jewellery - Determination of palladium in palladium jewellery alloys - ICP-OES method using yttrium as internal standard element
• Effective Date: 20-Jan-2018

Overview

ISO 11495:2019 specifies an analytical procedure for the determination of palladium (Pd) in palladium alloys (nominal content up to 990 ‰) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‑OES) with an internal standard element. The method is applicable to jewellery and precious‑metal alloys (including those defined in ISO 9202) and defines sample preparation, calibration by bracketing, measurement, calculation and reporting requirements.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope: Measurement of Pd in palladium alloys up to 990 parts per thousand (‰).
• Principle: Internal standardization-measure intensity ratios of Pd and an internal standard (e.g. yttrium) and determine Pd mass by bracketing between two calibration points.
• Reagents and sample prep:
  • Dissolution in aqua regia (HCl + HNO3) for both samples and Pd calibration standards.
  • Use high‑purity palladium (≥ 999.9 ‰) for standards; prepare internal standard (yttrium) solution (~6 mg/L or prepared from YCl3·6H2O).
  • Maintain consistent acid concentration between calibration and sample solutions.
• Equipment:
  • ICP‑OES capable of simultaneous Pd and internal‑standard line measurement with optical resolution ≥ 0.02 nm.
  • Analytical balance with 0.01 mg readability.
• Measurement parameters:
  • Bracketing sequence using low and high standards around the expected sample Pd content.
  • Minimum stabilization time 30 s; minimum integration time 10 s; at least 3 integrations per measurement.
  • Recommended Pd emission lines: 340.458 nm, 351.694 nm, 360.955 nm. Recommended Y lines: 371.029 nm, 377.433 nm, 321.669 nm. Choose lines free of interferences.
• Quality limits and calculations:
  • Intensity‑ratio mean (from five cycles) must have RSD ≤ 0.3%.
  • Final Pd mass result RSD ≤ 0.30%; duplicate determinations should differ by less than 3 ‰.
  • Results are reported as parts per thousand (‰) by mass, with required test‑report elements (sample ID, method reference ISO 11495:2019, results, deviations, etc.).
• Safety: Use appropriate laboratory health and safety measures when handling strong acids and aqua regia.

Applications and users

ISO 11495:2019 is intended for:

• Assay and quality control laboratories in the jewellery and precious‑metals sector.
• Assay offices and certification bodies determining palladium fineness and composition.
• Metallurgical and analytical laboratories performing routine or forensic Pd alloy analysis. Practical applications include fineness verification, material certification, quality assurance during manufacturing, and regulatory compliance testing.

Related standards

• ISO 9202 - Jewellery and precious metals: fineness of precious metal alloys (referenced for alloy definitions).
• ISO 11596 - Sampling of precious metal alloys for and in jewellery and associated products (sampling procedures referenced).

Keywords: ISO 11495:2019, palladium determination, palladium alloys, ICP‑OES, internal standard, yttrium, aqua regia, bracketing calibration, jewellery testing, precious metals analysis.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11495
Third edition
2019-07
Jewellery and precious metals —
Determination of palladium in
palladium alloys — ICP-OES method
using an internal standard element
Joaillerie et métaux précieux — Dosage du palladium dans les alliages
de palladium — Méthode par ICP-OES utilisant un étalon interne
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 1
6 Equipment . 2
7 Sampling . 2
8 Procedure. 2
8.1 Internal standard solution . 2
8.2 Calibration solutions . 2
8.3 Sample solutions . 2
8.4 Measurements . 2
9 Calculation and expression of results . 3
9.1 Calculation . 3
9.2 Repeatability . 4
10 Test report . 4
Bibliography . 6
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 174, Jewellery and precious metals.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 11495:2014), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
a) the definition of bracketing in Clause 3 has been removed;
b) the recommended lines in Clause 4 have been removed;
c) reagents in Clause 5 have been changed and removed, and the requirements about yttrium in 5.4
have been removed;
d) the preparation of the internal standard solution in 8.1 has been changed;
e) the list of standards to be prepared and precisions about qualification of them by linearity as well
as way to choose the low and high standards in 8.2 have been changed;
f) the way of preparation by aliquots for both standard and sample solutions in 8.2 and 8.3 has been
removed;
g) the preparation of both standard and sample solutions in 8.2 and 8.3 has been changed;
h) the definition of bracketing and recommended lines in 8.4 has been added;
i) the formulae in 9.1 have been adapted after having removed the way of preparation by aliquots;
j) the emission line as an information to be mentioned in the test report in Clause 10 has been
removed;
k) the document has been editorially revised.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11495:2019(E)
Jewellery and precious metals — Determination of
palladium in palladium alloys — ICP-OES method using an
internal standard element
1 Scope
This document describes an analytical procedure for the determination of palladium in palladium alloys
with a nominal content up to 990 ‰ (parts per thousand), including alloys according to ISO 9202.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
At least two accurately weighed samples are dissolved in aqua regia and made up to an exactly weighed
mass. These sample solutions are mixed with the internal s
...

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ISO/TC 174/SC
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Date:  2019‐07
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ISO/TC 174/SC /WG 1
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Secretariat:  DIN
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Jewellery and precious metals — Determination of palladium in palladium alloys
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— ICP-OES method using an internal standard element
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Joaillerie, bijouterie et métaux précieux — Dosage du palladium dans les alliages de
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palladium — Méthode par ICP-OES utilisant un étalon interne
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STD Version 2.9d
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Deleted: www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Deleted: www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. Deleted: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 174, Jewellery and precious metals.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 11495:2014), which has been technically Formatted: Font:
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
Formatted: Font:
Formatted: Font:
a) the definition of bracketing in Clause 3 has been removed;
b) the recommended lines in Clause 4 have been removed;
c) reagents in Clause 5 have been changed and removed, and the requirements about yttrium in 5.4
have been removed;
d) the preparation of the internal standard solution in 8.1 has been changed;
e) the list of standards to be prepared and precisions about qualification of them by linearity as well
as way to choose the low and high standards in 8.2 have been changed;
f) the way of preparation by aliquots for both standard and sample solutions in 8.2 and 8.3 has been
removed;
g) the preparation of both standard and sample solutions in 8.2 and 8.3 has been changed;
h) the definition of bracketing and recommended lines in 8.4 has been added;
i) the formulae in 9.1 have been adapted after having removed the way of preparation by aliquots;
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Deleted: /PRF
j) the emission line as an information to be mentioned in the test report in Clause 10 has been
removed;
k) the document has been editorially revised.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. Deleted: www.iso.org/members.ht
ml
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii

Deleted: /PRF
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11495:2019(E)

Jewellery and precious metals — Determination of palladium
in palladium alloys — ICP-OES method using an internal
standard element
1 Scope
This document describes an analytical procedure for the determination of palladium in palladium alloys
with a nominal content up to 990 ‰ (parts per thousand), including alloys according to ISO 9202. Formatted: Font:
Formatted: Font:
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Deleted: https://www.iso.org/ob
p
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
Deleted: http://www.electropedi
a.org/
4 Principle
At least two accurately weighed samples are dissolved in aqua regia and made up to an exactly weighed
mass. These sample solutions are mixed with the internal standard and made up to the standard
measuring volume.
Using ICP‐OES, the palladium content of the sample solution is measured by comparison of the ratio
intensities of the spectral emission of palladium and appropriate internal standard (e.g. yttrium) line(s)
with the ratios for solutions containing known masses of palladium and internal standard (e.g. yttrium)
using the bracketing method.
5 Reagents
During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognised analytical grade and only
distilled water or water of equivalent purity.
5.1 Hydrochloric acid (HCl), approximately 30 % to 37 % HCl (mass fraction).
5.2 Nitric acid (HNO), approximately 65 % to 70 % HNO (mass fraction).
3 3
5.3 Palladium (Pd) of 999,9 ‰ minimum purity; if a lower palladium content (e.g. 999,5 ‰) is used,
appropriate corrections shall be applied.
5.4 Yttrium compound, like yttrium chloride (YCl·6HO or YO), of analytical grade.
3 2 2 6
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Deleted: /PRF
6 Equipment
6.1 Customary laboratory apparatus.
6.2 ICP-OES, capable of simultaneously measuring the palladium and the internal standard emission
lines with a minimum optical resolution of 0,02 nm.
6.3 Analytical balance, with a reading accuracy of 0,01 mg.
7 Sampling
The sampling procedure should be performed in accordance with ISO 11596. Formatted: Font:
Formatted: Font:
8 Procedure
WARNING —Suitable health and safety procedures should be followed.
8.1 Internal standard solution
Dissolve approximately 20 mg YCl·6HO (5.4) in 200 ml water and make up to 1 000 ml with water. Formatted: Font:
3 2
Alternatively,
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 11495
Troisième édition
2019-07
Joaillerie, bijouterie et métaux
précieux — Dosage du palladium dans
les alliages de palladium — Méthode
par ICP-OES utilisant un étalon interne
Jewellery and precious metals — Determination of palladium in
palladium alloys — ICP-OES method using an internal standard
element
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2019
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2019
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2019 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe . 1
5 Réactifs . 1
6 Matériel . 2
7 Échantillonnage . 2
8 Mode opératoire. 2
8.1 Solution d’étalon interne . 2
8.2 Solutions d’étalonnage . 2
8.3 Solutions échantillons . 2
8.4 Mesurages . 2
9 Calcul et expression des résultats . 3
9.1 Calcul . 3
9.2 Répétabilité . 4
10 Rapport d’essai . 5
Bibliographie . 6
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www .iso .org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir www .iso .org/avant -propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 174, Joaillerie, bijouterie et métaux
précieux.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 11495:2014), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique. Les principales modifications par rapport à l’édition précédente sont les suivantes:
a) la définition d’encadrement à l’Article 3 a été supprimée;
b) les raies recommandées à l’Article 4 ont été supprimées;
c) les réactifs à l’Article 5 ont été modifiés ou supprimés, et les exigences concernant l’yttrium en 5.4
ont été supprimées;
d) la préparation de la solution d’étalon interne en 8.1 a été modifiée;
e) la liste des étalons à préparer et les précisions sur leur qualification par linéarité ainsi que sur la
manière de choisir les étalons bas et haut en 8.2 ont été modifiées;
f) la méthode de préparation des aliquotes à la fois pour les solutions étalons et les solutions
échantillons en 8.2 et 8.3 a été supprimée;
g) la préparation des solutions étalons et des solutions échantillons en 8.2 et 8.3 a été modifiée;
h) la définition d’encadrement et les raies recommandées en 8.4 ont été ajoutées;
i) les formules en 9.1 ont été adaptées après avoir supprimé la méthode de préparation des aliquotes;
j) la raie d’émission a été supprimée des informations à mentionner dans le rapport d’essai à
l’Article 10;
iv © ISO 2019 – Tous droits réservés

k) une révision éditoriale du document a été effectuée.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www .iso .org/fr/members .html.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 11495:2019(F)
Joaillerie, bijouterie et métaux précieux — Dosage du
palladium dans les alliages de palladium — Méthode par
ICP-OES utilisant un étalon interne
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document décrit un mode opératoire analytique pour le dosage du palladium dans les
alliages de palladium, d’une teneur nominale allant jusqu’à 990 ‰ (millièmes), notamment pour les
alliages conformes à l’ISO 9202.
2 Références normatives
Le présent document ne contient aucune référence normative.
3 Termes et définitions
Aucun terme n’est défini dans le présent document.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principe
Au moins deux échantillons pesés avec exactitude sont dissous dans de l’eau régale complétée ensuite
jusqu’à une masse pesée avec exactitude. Ces solutions échantillons sont mélangées avec l’étalon interne
et complétées au volume défini pour les solutions à mesurer.
À l’aide d’un spectromètre d’émission optiqu
...