ISO 16934:2007
(Main)Glass in building — Explosion-resistant security glazing — Test and classification by shock-tube loading
Glass in building — Explosion-resistant security glazing — Test and classification by shock-tube loading
ISO 16934:2007 specifies a shock tube test method and classification requirements for explosion-pressure-resistant glazing, including glazing fabricated from glass, plastic, glass-clad plastics, laminated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials, and film-backed glass. ISO 16934:2007 provides a structured procedure to determine the blast resistance and the hazard rating of glazing and glazing systems. ISO 16934:2007 sets out procedures to classify such security glazing sheet materials by means of tests on specimens of a standard size in a standard frame for the purpose of comparing their relative explosion resistance and hazard rating. The procedures and test method can also be used to test, but not classify, glazing systems where the sheet in-fill is incorporated into frames purposely designed as complete products of appropriate size for installation into buildings. ISO 16934:2007 applies a method of test and classifications against blast waves generated in a shock tube facility to simulate high-explosive detonations of approximately 30 kg to 2 500 kg TNT at distances from about 35 m to 50 m. The classifications approximately represent the reflected pressures and impulses that are experienced by these equivalent threat levels on the face of a large building facade positioned perpendicular to the path of the blast waves. Classification is defined in terms of both blast shock-wave characteristics, expressed in terms of peak reflected pressure, impulse, positive phase duration and wave-form parameter (decay coefficient), and rating criteria, expressed in terms of degrees of glazing damage and fragment impact hazard. Classifications and ratings are assigned based upon the performance of the glazing and are specific to the blast characteristics under which the test has taken place. Glazing that has received an air-blast classification and rating is suitable for use in blast-resistant applications only for blasts of comparable characteristics and only if installed in a properly designed frame. Design based on knowledge of the air blast resistance reduces the risk of personal injury.
Verre dans la construction — Vitrages de sécurité résistant à une explosion — Essai et classification par charge d'air envoyée d'un tube
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16934
First edition
2007-07-01
Glass in building — Explosion-resistant
security glazing — Test and classification
by shock-tube loading
Verre dans la construction — Vitrages de sécurité résistant à une
explosion — Essai et classification par charge d'air envoyée d'un tube
Reference number
©
ISO 2007
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Classification and hazard rating . 4
5 Test specimens . 4
6 Apparatus and equipment preparation. 5
7 Test procedure and requirements. 7
8 Performance requirements . 9
9 Classification of explosion-resistant glazing . 11
10 Test report and test-report summary. 13
11 Precision and bias . 15
Annex A (normative) Blast parameters and derivation. 16
Annex B (informative) Blast shock-wave characteristics . 18
Annex C (informative) Equivalent threat levels. 19
Annex D (informative) Fragment definitions and criteria comparisons with other standards. 20
Bibliography . 21
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16934 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160, Glass in building, Subcommittee SC 2, Use
considerations.
iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard provides a method for carrying out tests simulating high-explosive blasts in order
to assess and classify the response of glazing to the overpressure and impulse characteristics of blast. This
International Standard provides criteria for rating the level of damage to glazing from which can be assessed
the hazard consequences to the area located behind the glazing. The increasing use of glazing designed to
protect persons and property from accidental explosions, and from the effects of terrorist attacks with high
explosives, has prompted the preparation of this International Standard.
A shock tube is a facility which simulates explosive blast waves to load test specimens with consistency,
control and repeatability. Shock-tube tests provide an economic means to simulate relatively long-duration
blast shock waves representing the effects of large explosive devices at some distance. The results can be
assessed against broadly comparable arena tests.
Structural response to air-blast loading is dependent upon specimen size and edge constraint as well as
material composition and thickness. The classifications and test results derived by using this International
Standard can be used in conjunction with calculation procedures and further validation tests on framed glass
during the process of designing complete glazing systems against explosive threats.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16934:2007(E)
Glass in building — Explosion-resistant security glazing — Test
and classification by shock-tube loading
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a shock tube test method and classification requirements for explosion-
pressure-resistant glazing, including glazing fabricated from glass, plastic, glass-clad plastics, laminated glass,
glass/plastic glazing materials, and film-backed glass. This International Standard provides a structured
procedure to determine the blast resistance and the hazard rating of glazing and glazing systems. This
International Standard sets out procedures to classify such security glazing sheet materials by means of tests
on specimens of a standard size in a standard frame for the purpose of comparing their relative explosion
resistance and hazard rating.
The procedures and test method can also be used to test, but not classify, glazing systems where the sheet
infill is incorporated into frames purposely designed as complete products of appropriate size for installation
into buildings. This International Standard applies a method of test and classifications against blast waves
generated in a shock tube facility to simulate high-explosive detonations of approximately 30 kg to 2 500 kg of
trinitrotoluene (TNT) at distances from about 35 m to 50 m. The classifications approximately represent the
reflected pressures and impulses that are experienced by these equivalent threat levels on the face of a large
building facade positioned perpendicular to the path of the blast waves.
Classification is defined in terms of both blast shock-wave characteristics, expressed in terms of peak
reflected pressure, impulse, positive phase duration and wave-form parameter (decay coefficient), and rating
criteria, expressed in terms of degrees of glazing damage and fragment impact hazard. Classifications and
ratings are assigned based upon the performance of the glazing and are specific to the blast characteristics
under which the test has taken place. Glazing that has received an air-blast classification and rating is suitable
for use in blast-resistant applications only for blasts of comparable characteristics and only if installed in a
properly designed frame. Design based on knowledge of the air-blast resistance reduces the risk of personal
injury.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD
and 100 IRHD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air-blast pressure history
description of the pressure of a reflected or free-field air blast, as measured at a point on the surface and
consisting of two separate phases:
⎯ positive phase, which is characterized by a nearly instantaneous rise to a maximum pressure followed by
an exponential decay to ambient pressure;
⎯ negative phase, immediately following the positive phase, during which the pressure decreases below
ambient for a period of time before returning to ambient
3.2
ambient temperature
air temperature around the test specimen measured within 30 min of the test
3.3
attack face
face of the test specimen intended to face the explosion source
3.4
blast shock wave
test pressure wave impinging on the attack face of the test specimen (defined in the terms below)
NOTE The pressure recorded and referred to shall be the peak positive pressure experienced by the test specimen
positioned at the end of the shock tube. This is typically a reflected pressure.
3.5
breach
any perforation or opening through the test specimen or between the test specimen and the support frame,
evident after the test, through which a 10 mm diameter rigid bar can be gently passed without force
NOTE An opening may be caused by the glazing sheet in-fill pulling away from the rebate sufficiently to result in a
visible gap that exposes the edge of the sheet.
3.6
cartridge paper
thick white paper for pencil and ink drawings, typically about 130 g/m
3.7
fragment
any particle with a united dimension of 25 mm (1 in) or greater as defined in Clause 8
NOTE The united dimension of a glass particle is determined by adding its width, length and thickness. Glazing dust,
slivers and all other smaller particles are not accounted as fragments.
3.8
fragment collecting mat or surface
clean, smooth surface at nominal floor level in the protected area suitable for observing and collecting ejected
fragments
NOTE It shall extend over an area of width and of depth from the rear face to the witness panel as defined for a
witness area in Clause 6 at a level at least 0,5 m but not exceeding 1,0 m below the bottom edge of the test specimen
when that is representative of a typical window. The level of the mat may be adjusted to correspond with the intended level
of floor in relation to the position of a non-standard test specimen in the building as defined in Clause 8.
2 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
3.9
glazing
glass or plastics glazing sheet material, including glass/plastic combinations
NOTE Glazing may also refer to a fenestration assembly in which glass or plastic sheet infill is set in and is complete
with a framing system for installation into a building.
3.10
impulse
I
pos
area under the positive phase of the pressure-time trace
NOTE 1 This is usually obtained by automatic electronic numerical integration of the gauge readings. This is also
sometimes called the specific positive phase impulse. If sharp irregularities in the recorded trace result in non-
representative transient dips into negative pressure or the negative phase is absent, the positive phase impulse should be
calculated over the period of the mean pressure-time trace duration.
NOTE 2 Different subscripts may be used for the blast parameters, as described in Annex A. For example, the positive
phase impulse, I , may be denoted I where it denotes the classification impulse or I where it denotes the impulse
pos c t
calculated from the measured test values.
3.11
peak pressure
P
max
initial peak positive reflected pressure above ambient atmospheric pressure experienced at the attack surface
of the test specimen following an instantaneous rise at the time of arrival of the shock front
NOTE If the measured pressure-time trace has sharp spikes or irregularities, the trace should be smoothed to
produce a pressure-time trace that closely matches the mean path of the recorded trace. The peak pressure, P , of
max
relevance is the resulting smoothed value at the time of arrival.
3.12
positive phase duration
t
pos
duration of the positive phase of the mean pressure-time trace
NOTE The
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